猪圆环病毒2型分离毒株全基因组的克隆及序列分析

根据GenBank中猪圆环病毒2型（PCV－2）基因序列,设计两对特异性引物,用PCR方法从接种疑似PMWS仔猪病料的细胞中分段扩增2个分离毒株全基因组。将扩增片段克隆入pGEM-T easy载体,筛选获得含有相应片段的阳性重组质粒。对质粒中的插入片段进行测序拼接,获得2株均为1768bp的全基因组序列。应用DNA star序列分析软件,对所测PCV－2序列与GenBank中的国内外PCV毒株进行同源性比较,并绘制系统发生树,结果发现：所测两毒株之间的核苷酸序列同源性极高,可达99．8％,亲缘关系密切;与PCV－2参考毒株的同源性介于95．3％－99．7％之间,其中与美国的一株PCV－2同源性最高,分别为99．5％和99．7％,亲缘关系很近;与国内两分离株同源性分别为96．4％和98．8％－98．9％;与PCV－1参考毒株同源性仅为77．1％－77．5％。     

PMWS病猪猪圆环病毒2型全基因组序列分析

根据GenBank中发表的猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)全基因序列,设计一对特异性引物,用PCR方法直接从5省病料中分别扩增出5个PCV2毒株的全基因组,分别命名为FujianPCV、GuangxiPCV、HainanPCV、HunanPCV和ShandongPCV.将扩增片段克隆于pMD 18-T载体,进行序列测定,结果表明,除FujianPCV株核苷酸长度为1768bp,其余四株均为1767 bp.应用DNAstar序列分析软件分析表明,本实验的5个PCV2分离株与世界上其它地区的PCV2分离株密切相关,核苷酸序列同源性达93%～98.8%,与PCV1毒株的序列同源性只有68.4%～70%.其中ORF1和ORF2所编码的氨基酸序列与国内外PCV2毒株比较,同源性也很高,分别为98.1%～99.4%和88%～99.1%.     

PMWS病猪猪圆环病毒2型全基因组序列分析

根据GenBank中发表的猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)全基因序列,设计一对特异性引物,用PCR方法直接从5省病料中分别扩增出5个PCV2毒株的全基因组,分别命名为FujianPCV、GuangxiPCV、HainanPCV、HunanPCV和ShandongPCV。将扩增片段克隆于pMD18一T载体,进行序列测定,结果表明,除FujianPCV株核苷酸长度为1768bp,其余四株均为1767bp。应用DNAstar序列分析软件分析表明,本实验的5个PCV2分离株与世界上其它地区的PCV2分离株密切相关,核苷酸序列同源性达93％-98．8％,与PCVl毒株的序列同源性只有68．4％～70％。其中ORFl和ORF2所编码的氨基酸序列与国内外PCV2毒株比较,同源性也很高,分别为98．1％499．4％和88％99．1％。     

22株猪圆环病毒2型安徽分离株全基因组遗传进化分析

为了解安徽地区猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)的分子流行病学及流行毒株遗传变异情况,本研究应用DNA Star软件,针对22株PCV2安徽分离株和26株GenBank登录的PCV2参考毒株,进行全基因组核苷酸序列、ORF1和ORF2核苷酸序列及其推导的氨基酸序列的同源性分析,并运用MEGA 6.0软件构建系统进化树.结果显示,22株PCV2安徽分离株基因组全长均为1 767 bp,相互之间的核苷酸序列相似度为94.6％～99.8％,与GenBank登录的26株PCV2参考毒株之间的核苷酸序列相似度为92.4％～99.8％.PCV2安徽分离株的ORF1核苷酸序列及其推导的氨基酸序列与参考毒株之间的相似度分别为94.3％～100％和85.4％～100％,ORF2核苷酸序列及其推导的氨基酸序列相似度分别为85.9％～99.9％和76.9％～100％.ORF2编码的Cap蛋白氨基酸序列在8～30、44～91、121～140及190～224几个区域存在突变,且有部分变异位点位于抗原表位区.22株PCV2安徽分离株分布于两个基因亚型,8株属于PCV2b,14株属于PCV2d.结果表明,PCV2安徽分离株的全基因组核苷酸序列较稳定且彼此间亲缘关系密切.ORF2的变异程度远高于ORF1,PCV2d基因亚型己经逐渐过渡成为安徽地区的主要流行毒株.Cap蛋白氨基酸序列在免疫反应区域内的变异可能影响PCV2的免疫原性.本研究结果丰富了安徽地区猪圆环病毒病的分子流行病学资料,同时也为有效防控该病提供了一定的参考依据.     

猪圆环病毒2型ORF2基因序列分析及真核表达载体的构建

根据GenBank中猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)ORF2基因序列,设计一对引物,应用PCR从疑患断奶仔猪多系统消耗综合症(PMWS)的死亡仔猪组织病料中扩增出ORF2全基因(702bp).将此片段克隆入pGEM-T easy载体,筛选获得重组质粒pTORF2,并对此质粒中的插入序列进行了测序分析,结果表明本试验克隆的ORF2与美国PCV-2分离株AF264039的核苷酸及氨基酸序列同源性均达到100%,与其他PCV-2毒株同源性分别为92.3%～98 6%和92.3%～96.6%.重组质粒pTORF2经BamH I、EcoR V双酶切,回收ORF2基因,转移入真核表达载体pSec-Tag2/HygroB的相应酶切位点之间,构建成重组质粒pSecTagORF2.此重组表达载体的构建成功为进一步研究ORF2编码蛋白的生物学活性及建立PCV诊断试剂盒打下基础.     

猪圆环病毒2型流行株的分离及其感染性克隆的构建

【目的】通过分离一株猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)流行毒株,并构建其感染性克隆,为研究PCV2基因功能提供操作平台。【方法】通过PCR方法,从疑似患断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合症(PMWS)的仔猪淋巴结中鉴定为猪圆环病毒(Porcine circovirus,PCV)2型阳性。把阳性病料接种PK-15细胞传代培养,在培养物中扩增出PCV2的全基因序列。对扩增出的全序列进行序列测定,并与GenBank中公布的5株广东PCV2分离株(GD-pz、GD-gj、GD-jm、GD-ss和GD-sz)进行同源性分析。通过EcoRⅠ和SalⅠ将PCV2全基因组序列克隆进pUC18载体中,获得含PCV2 GD-zq株全基因组单拷贝的重组质粒pPCV2-GD-zq,再通过SalⅠ和HindⅢ把另一个全长拷贝克隆进pPCV2-GD-zq质粒中,使PCV2 GD-zq株基因组DNA以头尾相接的双重复方式克隆进pUC18载体中,获得重组质粒pPCV2-2GD-zq。将pPCV2-2GD-zq DNA纯化和定量后转染PK-15细胞,拯救PCV2 GD-zq病毒。【结果】从PMWS感染的猪淋巴结中分离到了一株PCV2,命名为GD-zq株;序列分析结果显示,GD-zq株全基因组为1 767 bp,与GenBank中公布的5株广东PCV2分离株ORF1核苷酸一致性为97.1%-99.7%,编码氨基酸一致性为98.7%-100%;ORF2核苷酸一致性为93.2%-99.6%,编码氨基酸一致性为92.3%-99.1%;全基因一致性为96.0%-99.6%。pPCV2-2GD-zq质粒转染PK-15细胞后,其通过间接免疫荧光实验(IFA)能从转染细胞及其传代细胞中,检测到拯救出的病毒。【结论】分离了一株PCV2广东株GD-zq,成功构建了PCV2 GD-zq株的感染性克隆。     

犬圆环病毒全基因组克隆与序列分析

犬圆环病毒(Dog circovirus,DogCV)是近年来新发现的一种哺乳动物圆环病毒。为研究DogCV中国流行毒株基因组特性和遗传进化,以犬血清样品提取的DNA为模板,采用重叠PCR技术首次获得DogCV中国流行毒株的全基因组序列,命名为JZ98/2014。序列分析表明JZ98/2014全基因组长度为2063nt,编码3个主要开放阅读框:ORF V1(Rep蛋白,303个氨基酸)、ORF C1(Cap蛋白,270个氨基酸)和ORF C2(106个氨基酸)。同源性比较显示JZ98/2014与美国、欧洲流行毒株的全基因组序列同源性为82.1%-89.5%,而Rep和Cap基因同源性分别为82.1%-89.5%和84.6%-89.1%。遗传进化树分析显示,目前世界流行的DogCV存在多个分支,而JZ98/2014与美国、欧洲流行毒株处于不同分支。     

猪瘟弱毒C81株全基因组测序及分子结构预测

参照已发表的猪瘟病毒弱毒株的序列,设计7对覆盖全长基因组的引物,通过RT-PCR从感染猪瘟病毒弱毒株的PK-15细胞中扩增得到7个cDNA片段,分别克隆到pMD18-T载体并测序,利用DNASIS软件获得猪瘟病毒C81株全基因组序列(GenBankAY663656).C81株基因组全长12310nt,只有一个大的开放阅读框,编码3898个氨基酸的聚蛋白.序列分析表明,C81株开放阅读框与其它各毒株核苷酸和氨基酸序列的同源性变化较大,分别为84.4%～99.6%和91.6%～99.4%.同时,我们绘制了26株CSFV ORF的进化树,比较了CSFV 5'非翻译区核苷酸序列并推测其二级结构,发现不同毒株之间存在较大的差异,另外对C81株聚蛋白的功能域和三维结构进行了预测.     

犬瘟热病毒TN株血凝基因的克隆与序列分析

用RT PCR方法对分离的TN野毒株H基因进行了扩增 ,并将其克隆到pGEM T载体上 ,进行核苷酸序列测定。结果TN野毒株H基因ORF全长 1 ,81 5bp ,编码 60 4个氨基酸。与GenBank中己报道的 7个CDV毒株相比 ,H基因核苷酸序列的同源性在 92 %～ 99%之间 ,推导的H蛋白氨基酸序列的同源性在 91 %～ 99%之间。TN株H蛋白潜在的N 联糖基化位点为 8个 ,而Onderstepoort弱毒株H蛋白为 4个 ;其中N端第 1 9～ 2 1、 30 9～ 31 1、 5 8     

2010–2015年华东地区猪圆环病毒2型的分子流行病学分析

[目的] 猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）是严重危害世界养猪业的重要传染病,即猪圆环病毒相关疾病（PCVAD）的重要病原,其致病机制及流行规律尚未阐明。本研究对2010-2015年间采集自中国华东地区的病料进行PCV2检测,以探讨中国华东地区PCV2的分子流行病学特征,分析PCV2的遗传演化规律。[方法] 本研究利用PCR方法对384份断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征疑似发病猪样本进行检测,并对随机选取的42份阳性样品进行PCV2全基因组的测定和分析。[结果] 华东地区普遍存在PCV2的感染,阳性率为41.15%。序列扩增获得42株PCV2全长基因组,同源性和系统进化树分析表明,基于PCV2 ORF2和全长核苷酸序列构建的系统进化树结构是基本一致的。从病料中测得的42株PCV2与11株参考毒株序列的ORF2基因的核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别为87.0%-100.0%和82.5%-100.0%。遗传进化分析显示,53株PCV2毒株可分为4个基因型,即PCV2a、PCV2b、PCV2c和PCV2d。本文获得的42株序列ORF2基因的核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别为89.6%-100.0%和86.8%-100%,可分为3个基因型,即PCV2a、PCV2b和PCV2d,其中69.05%（29/42）属于PCV2d基因型,为优势基因型;PCV2b未在安徽和浙江出现。Cap蛋白的氨基酸序列分析表明,42株PCV2毒株总体多样性较低,存在4个主要的高变区,且不同基因型具有代表性突变位点。本研究获得的42株Cap序列在抗体识别的关键位点存在一定程度变异,这是否导致PCV2抗原结构、致病性以及疫苗效果的改变,还有待深入分析。[结论] 2010-2015年间,PCV2在华东地区猪群中存在较高的感染率,遗传演化相对稳定,基因型无明显地域差异,且PCV2d为优势基因型。42株PCV2 Cap序列有明显差异,但同一基因型具有代表性突变位点。本研究为探讨华东地区PCV2的遗传进化和致病机理提供了参考依据。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.