一株高效解磷肠膜明串珠菌的分离鉴定及解磷能力研究

【背景】植物根际土壤含有多种溶磷微生物,但是具有溶磷能力的肠膜明串珠菌未见报道。【目的】从脐橙根际土壤分离高效解磷菌,研究其解磷应用。【方法】通过初筛和复筛从23株菌中筛选解磷能力较强的菌株,同时采用钼蓝比色法测定磷含量。通过测定发酵液中小分子有机酸含量、磷酸酯酶酶活及pH值的变化,探究菌株的解磷机理。【结果】经过筛选得到9株具有一定解磷能力的菌株。通过菌种16S rRNA基因序列分析和生理生化实验确定其中一株菌为肠膜明串珠菌,命名为肠膜明串珠菌G7。培养基初始pH6.0、碳源为葡萄糖、氮源为硫酸铵时G7的解磷能力较佳。G7发酵过程中产生大量有机酸,而其酸性磷酸酯酶活性高于碱性磷酸酯酶。【结论】碳源、氮源以及初始pH值都能影响G7的解磷能力,其解磷能力主要缘于在发酵过程中产生了大量小分子有机酸,关于G7的解磷机理还需要更深入的研究。     

解磷菌株B25的筛选、鉴定及其解磷能力

从安徽省铜陵市铜官山尾矿库木贼根际分离筛选出多株解磷细菌,经过多次筛选纯化获得一株解磷能力较好的菌株B25.采用透射电镜观察和DNA分子技术,确定此菌株属于芽孢杆菌属.研究了解磷菌株B25在培养168 h内的解磷能力、溶液pH值以及菌株生长量的变化情况,并比较了B25在不同条件下的解磷能力.结果表明：解磷菌株B25的解磷能力与溶液pH值之间存在微弱的相关性,在碳源为葡萄糖、初始pH值为7.0、培养温度为30 ℃时解磷效果较好.     

解磷菌株B25的筛选、鉴定及其解磷能力

从安徽省铜陵市铜官山尾矿库木贼根际分离筛选出多株解磷细菌,经过多次筛选纯化获得一株解磷能力较好的菌株B25.采用透射电镜观察和DNA分子技术,确定此菌株属于芽孢杆菌属.研究了解磷菌株B25在培养168 h内的解磷能力、溶液pH值以及菌株生长量的变化情况,并比较了B25在不同条件下的解磷能力.结果表明：解磷菌株B25的解磷能力与溶液pH值之间存在微弱的相关性,在碳源为葡萄糖、初始pH值为7.0、培养温度为30 ℃时解磷效果较好.     

一株高效解无机磷细菌BS06的鉴定及其解磷能力分析

【目的】对一株来源于广西甘蔗根际土壤的高效解无机磷细菌BS06的分类和解磷能力进行探讨,以期为解磷微生物在广西甘蔗生产上的开发和应用提供理论依据。【方法】通过形态观察、生理生化测定及16S rRNA基因序列同源性分析,进一步结合种特异的recA基因序列分析对解磷菌BS06进行分类鉴定;通过改变无机磷培养基中的碳源、氮源对菌株解磷能力的影响,分析菌株的解磷特性;通过盆栽试验了解菌株对甘蔗品种粤糖00236、桂糖28磷素吸收的影响。【结果】分类鉴定结果表明菌株BS06属于洋葱伯克霍尔德菌(Burkholderia cepacia);菌株在以乳糖为碳源条件下具有较强的解磷能力,其发酵液中水溶性磷含量为262.71 mg/L;在以硝酸钠为氮源条件下有较强解磷能力,其发酵液中水溶性磷含量达到305.85 mg/L;接种BS06菌株显著促进甘蔗组培苗的生长并提高甘蔗植株的含磷量。【结论】解磷细菌BS06具有较大的开发利用潜力。     

一株高效解磷真菌新菌株的筛选鉴定及解磷特性

从辽宁省辽中县多年耕种的日光温室番茄根际土壤中筛选出一株解磷真菌,通过菌落形态特征和ITS rDNA序列对比,鉴定该菌株为草酸青霉菌的一株新菌株,将其命名为PSF1.该菌株能利用葡萄糖、蔗糖、乳糖、半乳糖、可溶性淀粉等多种碳源和硫酸铵、氯化铵、硝酸铵、硝酸钾、尿素等多种氮源进行生长代谢并表现出较强的解磷能力,在C/N 10∶1~60∶1、初始pH 7~8的条件下生长情况较好且解磷能力较高.该菌株有很强的产酸能力,在培养过程中培养液pH由7.00~7.50下降至2.06~4.87;在4种磷源培养液中的最高解磷量分别为磷酸三钙(869.62 mg·L^-1)>磷矿粉(233.56 mg·L^-1)>磷酸铝(44.77 mg·L^-1)>磷酸铁(28.42 mg·L^-1).Pearson相关分析表明,菌株在磷酸三钙、磷矿粉和磷酸铁培养液中的解磷量与pH的变化之间呈极显著负相关关系,在磷酸铝培养液中无显著相关关系.菌株PSF1解磷能力强,生长条件广,推测其在土壤中有较强的解磷能力.     

两株解磷真菌的解磷能力及其解磷机理的初步研究

从不同处理的水稻土壤中分离筛选出两株高效解磷真菌HP2、P5,研究了不同碳源条件对溶磷效果的影响,以及解磷菌株在不同的碳源培养条件下,溶磷量与培养介质pH值之间的相关性。结果表明,HP2菌株解磷能力在不同的测定时间内均高于P5菌株;不同碳源培养基的溶磷量顺序为蔗糖〉葡萄糖〉纤维素,且彼此差异显著：测定时间内,菌株的溶磷量与介质pH值之间存在极显著相关性（P〈0．01）。     

1株Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis JW-SD2的解磷特性及解磷条件研究

为探讨解磷细菌Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis JW-SD2的解磷特性及条件,检测了该菌株对不同矿质磷酸盐的溶解能力,并研究了不同碳源、氮源、温度、p H、装液量及盐离子等营养、环境因素对其解磷能力的影响。结果表明,该菌株对Ca3(PO4)2的溶解能力强于Fe PO4和Al PO4,解磷量达7.43 mmol/L。以葡萄糖作为碳源,硫酸铵作为氮源该菌株具有最大的解磷能力。同时还发现,该菌株能够在温度20~35℃,p H 4~9,装液量1/5~4/5,Na Cl浓度0~3.0%保持3.0 mmol/L以上的解磷量,具有较强的环境适应能力。     

丢糟和磷矿粉高温堆肥中耐高温解磷菌的筛选及性能分析

为了解决高温极端环境下的磷素溶出问题,从高温堆肥中分离出具有耐高温能力的解磷微生物。该研究利用无机磷选择培养基,从添加磷矿粉和丢糟的高温堆肥样品中,分离筛选出5株耐高温解磷菌(细菌为GDB1-2;真菌为GDF1-3),并对这5株菌株进行形态学和分子生物学鉴定及解磷能力分析。研究结果表明,筛选获得的解磷菌株分别为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)、多枝横梗霉(Lichtheimia ramosa)、烟曲霉(Aspergillus fumigatus)及构巢曲霉(Aspergillus nidulans)。该5株菌具有较好的耐高温和耐pH性能,各菌株耐高温范围为40-60℃,在50℃条件下其解磷能力均达到最大值,当初始pH 在5-9范围时各菌株均能保持一定的解磷能力。此外,通过解磷曲线发现各菌株的最高解磷量范围在136.85-174.33 μg/mL。该研究结果为后续开发高温环境微生物资源提供了素材,具有良好的应用推广前景。     

两株解磷真菌的解磷能力及其解磷机理的初步研究*

从不同处理的水稻土壤中分离筛选出两株高效解磷真菌HP2、P5,研究了不同碳源条件对溶磷效果的影响,以及解磷菌株在不同的碳源培养条件下,溶磷量与培养介质pH值之间的相关性。结果表明,HP2菌株解磷能力在不同的测定时间内均高于P5菌株;不同碳源培养基的溶磷量顺序为蔗糖>葡萄糖>纤维素,且彼此差异显著;测定时间内,菌株的溶磷量与介质pH值之间存在极显著相关性(P<0.01)。     

海南生态区植物根际解磷细菌的筛选及分子鉴定

【目的】了解海南酸性土壤解磷细菌溶解Ca3(PO4)2和FePO4特性;筛选高效稳定的解磷菌株,为应用研究提供菌源。【方法】采集海南21种植物的根际土样品,用营养琼脂、结晶紫-营养琼脂、酵母粉-甘露醇琼脂,稀释涂布法分离土壤细菌,选取平板上菌落形态有明显区别的代表性菌落,用最低营养琼脂进行纯化;Ⅰ筛用Ca3(PO4)2固体培养基培养5 d,挑取有溶磷圈的菌落;Ⅱ筛用Ca3(PO4)2培养液在32℃、200 r/min条件培养6 d,挑取解磷量大于200 mg/L的菌株;Ⅲ筛是在4次继代培养及每次15 d的4℃保藏后,用Ca3(PO4)2培养液培养6 d,挑取解磷量大于200 mg /L的菌株。称Ⅲ筛的选出菌株为高效稳定的解磷细菌(PSBHS),用FePO4培养液对PSBHS培养6 d,并测定解磷量;用简并引物扩增PSBHS 16S rDNA基因一个长度约1460 bp的片段,测序后,通过Blast检索同源序列,鉴定解磷细菌分类。【结果】共分离到363个代表性菌株,通过Ⅰ筛、Ⅱ筛、Ⅲ筛的代表性菌株分别是126个、45个、14个;14个PSBHS在Ca3(PO4)2培养液中经6 d培养,解磷量达201.0 mg/L ~623.3 mg/L,培养结束时pH值(3.82~4.34)与解磷量呈极显著负相关（r = -0.8155)。14个PSBHS在FePO4培养液中经6 d培养,解磷量只有1.6 mg/L ~34.2 mg/L,培养结束时pH值(2.87~5.67)与解磷量也呈极显著负相关(r = -0.6836)。16S rDNA序列分析,确定了6个PSBHS为Acinetobacter, 3个为Pseudomonas, 3个为Serratia, 2个为Enterobacter。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various