盐胁迫下胡杨愈伤组织生理生化特性

目的：探讨胡杨愈伤组织的耐盐性与生理生化指标的关系。方法：不同浓度NaCl胁迫下,对胡杨愈伤组织的丙二醛（MDA）含量、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性以及酯酶同工酶、过氧化物酶同工酶、超氧化物歧化酶同工酶酶谱进行研究。结果：随着盐浓度的增加,丙二醛（MDA）含量逐渐升高;从三种保护酶活性来看,过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性均呈先上升后下降的趋势,在70mmol/L NaCl胁迫下达到最高值,POD、CAT酶活分别为2748u/g．min和152u/g．min,分别比对照高104％和72％;超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性则呈先降低后稍上升的趋势,总体均比对照低。过氧化物酶同工酶的第2、3条酶带在70mmol/L NaCl胁迫下颜色最深,且酶带较宽;超氧化物歧化酶同工酶的第1条酶带仅在未经盐胁迫时存在,说明该酶带所代表的酶对盐很敏感;第4条酶带随盐胁迫浓度加大先消失后出现,可能是愈伤组织逐渐适应盐胁迫的结果。结论：经盐胁迫的胡杨愈伤组织中,POD和CAT酶主要起保护作用;结合同浓度盐胁迫下愈伤组织的形态观察,总体上看,胡杨愈伤组织能较好地耐受70mmol/L NaCl。     

罗布红麻胚性愈伤组织诱导及其对盐胁迫的生理反应

目的:探寻获得罗布红麻胚性愈伤组织的最佳培养基和条件,并探讨该愈伤组织对盐胁迫的生理反应.方法:设计不同激素配比和浓度培养基,诱导并挑选、扩增胚性愈伤组织.对罗布红麻胚性愈伤组织进行不同浓度的盐胁迫(0、50、70、100和200numl/L),研究其在不同时期不同浓度盐胁迫下的脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量、超氧化化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性变化、及超氧化物歧化酶同工酶和过氧化物同工酶的谱带变化.结果:获得了大量罗布红麻胚性愈伤组织及其盐胁迫下的生理生化数据和图谱.结论:罗布红麻胚性愈伤组织的产生主要依赖0.5mg/L2,4-D的作用,此外,转瓶过程中细心观察,不断挑选也很重要.不同浓度的盐胁迫不同时问,从MDA和脯氨酸含量变化上看,经50～70mmol/L.盐胁迫3～5d,罗布红麻胚性愈伤组织进入最敏感期,之后它对盐胁迫有个快速适应过程;根据SOD酶活性变化,盐胁迫第7d时,经70mmoL/L以上的NaCl处理组SOD酶活均保持在一个较高的水平,说明此时SOD酶正在发挥重要作用;从SOD同工酶谱看,Rf值为0.46的酶带是盐胁迫组特有的,说明它与盐胁迫密切相关;从POD同工酶谱看,Rf值为0.01的条带为J0、J2、J5组特有,带很窄但色较深,此酶带所代表的酶对盐的敏感性存在特殊性.     

马唐胚性与非胚性愈伤组织生理差异的初步研究

马唐幼穗的胚性愈伤组织中游离氨基酸含量与种类均少于非胚性愈伤组织,而可溶性蛋白质含量却高于后者;前者可溶性蛋白质、过氧化物酶、酯酶及淀粉酶的同工酶电泳谱带亦此后者多。     

香果树体细胞胚胎发生过程中4种同工酶的研究

用非变性聚丙烯凝胶电泳技术对香果树体细胞胚胎发生及形态建成过程中过氧化物酶(POD)、酯酶(EST)、淀粉酶(AMY)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)4种同工酶进行分析.结果表明:香果树体细胞胚胎发生及形态建成过程中,POD、EST、AMY和SOD活性变化与胚性愈伤组织的诱导及体细胞胚的发生发育密切相关.非胚性愈伤组织和胚性愈伤组织酶谱差异明显,胚性愈伤组织中EST和AMY同工酶酶带多且活性高,非胚性愈伤组织中缺乏EST和AMY同工酶表达,AMY同工酶可作为胚性细胞分化和发育的重要标志.香果树体细胞胚形态建成过程中,球形胚时期的AMY、POD、EST同_T酶活性最强,表明这一时期生理代谢旺盛,是体细胞胚形态建成的关键时期;POD、AMY和SOD 3种同工酶的酶谱及表达强弱在形态建成的不同时期呈现有规律的变化,可作为香果树体细胞胚发生发育特定时期的参考标记. 与胚性愈伤组织的诱导及体细胞胚的发生发育密切相关.非胚性愈伤组织和胚性愈伤组织酶谱差异明显,胚性愈伤组织中EST和AMY同工酶酶带多且活性高,非胚性愈伤组织中缺乏EST和AMY同工酶表达,AMY同工酶町作为胚性细胞分化和发育的重要标志.香果树体细胞胚形态建成过程 ,球形胚时期的AMY、POD、EST同_T酶活性最强,表明这一时期生理代谢旺盛,是体细胞胚形态建成的关键时期;POD、AMY和SOD 3种同工酶的酶谱及表达强弱在形态建成的不同时期呈现有规律的变化,可作为香果树体细胞胚发生发育特定时期的参考标记. 与胚性愈伤组织的诱导及体细胞胚的发生发育密切相关.非胚性愈伤组织和胚性愈伤组织     

5种樱桃属植物的POD、CAT和SOD同工酶分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直平板凝胶电泳技术对5种樱桃属植物的过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶、过氧化氢酶(CAT)同工酶和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)同工酶的酶谱特征进行分析,结果表明:5种樱桃属植物共电泳出12条POD同工酶酶带、4条CAT同工酶酶带和8条SOD同工酶酶带;其中,POD同工酶酶谱具有5条共同谱带,CAT同工酶4条,SOD同工酶5条。冬季休眠期的樱桃属植物,POD与SOD同工酶谱带的多样性比较丰富,不同植物之间的谱带差异较大;而CAT同工酶谱带差异不明显。     

枸杞耐盐突变体的筛选及生理生化分析

用不同剂量60Coγ对以枸杞叶为外植体诱导出的愈伤组织进行辐射处理,并将恢复增殖的愈伤组织采用逐步提高盐浓度的方法,直到筛选出耐1%的愈伤组织变异体,通过对其生理生化的分析表明:变异体在不同盐浓度胁迫下干、鲜重增长均高于对照组;MDA含量和质膜透性、O-·2与H2O2含量都低于对照组;抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT活性均高于对照组;对可溶性蛋白SDS电泳结果表明:耐盐变异体有22条蛋白带,而对照组有21条蛋白带,其中31.3kD、21.0kD、18.5kD带为耐盐变异体所特有,而74.1kD、52.1kD带为对照组所特有,并且73.7kD、67.9kD的蛋白耐盐变异体含量高于对照组.     

小麦耐盐细胞系及后代耐盐稳定性的生化分析

以离体培养筛选出的耐盐小麦变异系及其后代为材料,对其耐盐稳定性进行有关生理生化特性分析。结果表明：（１）随着耐盐愈伤组织耐盐能力的提高,过氧化物同工酶酶带谱加,与对照相比,三个区域出现了明显差异;（２）从耐盐愈伤组织酯酶同工酶酶谱发现,耐盐愈伤组织具有Ｃ２,Ｃ５,Ｃ９,Ｃ１１新增加酶带;（３）耐盐系后代幼苗能维持较高的Ｋ＾＋／Ｎａ＾＋比值,在盐浓度为０．９％时,其Ｋ＾＋／Ｎａ＾＋为０．７８８,而对     

杂交水稻金优63幼苗期SOD和POD特性研究

对杂交水稻金优63幼苗不同时期的根、茎、叶进行SOD同工酶电泳分析,并测定SOD、POD活性。结果表明,自播种后第7天到第13天,幼苗的SOD同工酶在根、茎、叶中有明显的器官特异性,且SOD活性叶 >茎 >根。相同器官不同时期的SOD同工酶电泳谱带条数及SOD活性都有变化,且SOD活性强弱与SOD同工酶电泳谱带中有无Mn-SOD同工酶带有一定的关系。幼苗的POD活性在根、茎、叶中也有明显的器官特异性,茎中POD活性明显高于根和叶,且POD活性变化与SOD活性变化有一定的关系。     

楸树体细胞胚胎发生过程中4种同工酶分析

采用不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对楸树体细胞胚胎发生过程中的酯酶(EST)、过氧化物酶(POD)、淀粉酶(AMY)及ATP酶4种同工酶进行分析。结果表明,EST及POD同工酶酶带在楸树体细胞胚胎发生不同时期呈现规律性变化,胚性愈伤组织中EST、POD同工酶酶带较非胚性愈伤组织多且表达活跃,子叶胚时期活性最强,表明这一时期细胞内代谢旺盛。EST、POD、AMY及ATP同工酶在楸树胚性与非胚性愈伤组织中谱带差异明显,表明这4种同工酶与体胚发生具有密切关系,可以作为楸树胚性愈伤组织和体胚发生的重要标志。     

连香树胚性与非胚性愈伤组织生理生化差异及同工酶分析

本研究以连香树未成熟种子子叶胚诱导产生的胚性愈伤组织与非胚性愈伤组织为原材料,测定了两者的可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖及游离脯氨酸的含量,并利用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术(polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis, PAGE)对两者的过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、淀粉酶(amylase, AMY)同工酶进行了分析。比较发现胚性愈伤组织在可溶性蛋白质和游离脯氨酸的含量上均极显著高于非胚性愈伤组织。在可溶性糖含量上,胚性愈伤组织也显著地高于非胚性愈伤组织。胚性愈伤组织具有较高的代谢活性,为进一步胚性分化提供物质和能量基础。POD、SOD和AMY同工酶在连香树胚性愈伤组织与非胚性愈伤组织中酶带差异明显,表明这3种酶的活性与胚性愈伤组织的诱导密切相关,酶谱的差异可作为体细胞胚胎发生的参考标记。     

He-Ne激光对啤酒大麦麦芽同工酶基因表达的影响

采用不同时间He-Ne激光（5 m W/mm2）对＂临啤二号＂大麦种子进行辐照,利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）技术分析激光辐照对大麦麦芽中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）同工酶、过氧化物（POD）同工酶、过氧化氢（CAT）同工酶、β-淀粉酶同工酶、三磷酸腺苷（ATPase）同工酶酶谱的影响。结果表明：种子经He-Ne激光辐照后诱导出1条新POD同工酶谱带,且总POD活性在60 s和90 s处有所增加;30 s激光辐照诱导出1条新的CAT同工酶谱带,其它时间处理酶的组分没有变化,但酶活性增加;He-Ne激光辐照使SOD、β-淀粉酶及ATPase同工酶的组分在不同时间下有所减少,但一定时间的激光辐照提高了其同工酶的活性。综合实验结果可知,60 s～90 s He-Ne激光可以促进大麦种子萌发过程中以上同工酶基因的表达,有利于缩短制麦周期,提高麦芽糖化力及抗氧化力。     

Isozyme Studies in Predicting the Potential Yield of Heterosis in Maize

Electrophoretic isozyme zymogram patterns of peroxidase (POD), cytochrome oxidase (COD), esterase (Est), α-amylase (α-Amy), catalase (Cat), Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), Malate dehydrogenase (MDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), acid phosphatase (Acp), etc. obtained from 108 maize inbred lines and their 199 hybrids were analyzed. The soluble protein patterns from these materials were tested as well. The authors had probed into the relationship between the index of zymogram difference and potential yield of heterosis in maize. The results indicated that hybrids from parents which showed high zymogram difference index could produce high heterosis and those from parents which had low zymogram difference index could also produce high heterosis as well. But hybrids from the sister lines which had lower zymogram difference index could only produce lower heterosis. There was no significant statistical difference between isozyme zymogram difference index and potential yield of heteroSis on a genetic background with complex combinaton.     

Changes of peroxidase,esterase isozyme activities and some cell inclusions in regenerated vascular tissues after girdling inBroussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent

The isozyme zymogram of peroxidase and esterase, and some cell inclusion contents were changed with the differentiation of regenerated vascular stem tissues after girdling inBroussnetia papyrifera (L.). Vent. Presence or disappearance of some peroxidase and esterase isozyme bands was related to wounding. Some isoperoxidase bands disappeared at the time of vascular tissue formation, but some esterase isozyme bands appeared in phloem or cambial regions as sieve-like elements or mature xylem were formed. The inclusion grains progressively disappeared with the formation of callus and initiation of vascular meristems. The cell inclusions reappeared during the formation of regenrated vascular tissues. Histochemical study indicated that the inclusion grains could be a complex compound of a protein mass encircling polysaccharide in the center with a proteinous nucleus.     

Effects of salinity and temperature stress on Ecophysiological characteristics of exotic cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora

Salintiy and temperature are two important ecological factors which affect the distribution and abundance of Spartina alerniflora Loisel. To find out how cordgrass adapts to the environmental conditions in the introduced range, we studied the dynamics of a series of important physiological components including superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble sugar and free proline under different salinity and temperature stresses. The results showed that low NaCl concentration (lower than 100 mmol·L^?1) enhanced the growth of S. alterniflora. On the contrary, high NaCl concentration (higher than 100 mmol·L^?1) inhibited the growth of S. alterniflora. To a certain extent, S. alterniflora was able to be acclimated to the osmotic pressure created by external solution concentration by adjusting the activities of POD, SOD and CAT, and the contents of free proline and soluble sugar. S. alterniflora varied in its responses to environment in different parts of the plant under 5°C and 38°C temperature stress. Compared with roots, leaves accumulated more soluble sugar, and CAT activities in leaves were higher, whereas SOD and POD activities in leaves were much lower than those in roots.     

腐烂病菌侵染对苹果愈伤组织防御酶活性及丙二醛含量的影响

以苹果树腐烂病菌LXS080601、感病苹果品种‘富士’和抗病砧木‘平邑甜茶’愈伤组织为材料,测定腐烂病菌侵染后,愈伤组织内过氧化物酶（POD）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）活性及丙二醛（MDA）含量的动态变化。结果显示,接种LXS080601后,‘富士’愈伤组织的发病严重度和病情指数均明显大于‘平邑甜茶’;感病品种MDA含量上升速度快,于接种后3 d增幅为28.02%,且变幅较大,为–0.32%~36.39%,而抗病砧木MDA含量变化较小,仅为–2.17%~7.46%。同时,腐烂病菌侵染提高了愈伤组织内4种防御酶活性,接种后1~2 d,PPO和POD酶活性达到高峰,接种后3~4 d,PAL和SOD酶到达活性高峰;除PPO外,‘平邑甜茶’PAL、SOD和POD酶活性变化均明显高于‘富士’,且整个侵染过程酶活性维持在较高水平,而‘富士’体内3种酶活性快速下降至对照水平,表明‘平邑甜茶’通过提高抗氧化酶活性减少体内活性氧的积累,降低膜脂过氧化产物MDA的形成,增强了对腐烂病菌侵染的抗性。     

培养时间对黑木耳酯酶同工酶谱的影响

为准确地将酯酶同工酶技术应用于食用菌菌株鉴别和遗传育种研究以及进行快速的菌种区分、鉴定,本试验对10个黑木耳菌株不同培养时期的胞内酯酶(EST)同工酶谱进行了研究,并对菌株间亲和性试验结果进行分析。结果表明:同一培养时期的各菌株间同工酶谱存在明显差异,不同培养时期同一菌株同工酶谱也存在一定的差异。培养20d诱导的同工酶谱可有效区分、鉴定各菌株。聚类分析结果表明:培养20d的酶谱聚类分析结果与亲和性试验结果相一致。     

静电场对苜蓿愈伤组织抗寒能力的影响

用正负高压静电场 (HVEF)处理苜蓿叶片来源的愈伤组织后 ,在4℃下暗培养。我们发现静电场处理可不同程度地提高愈伤组织的淀粉酶 ,过氧化物酶 ,和超氧化物岐化酶的活性和可溶性蛋白的含量 ,促进愈伤组织对冷害的防御能力。在冷处理过程中 ,细胞膜中饱和脂肪酸 (棕榈梭和硬脂酸 )和不饱和脂肪梭含量先升高然后降低 ,而高压静电场处理组的不饱和脂肪酸 (油酸、亚油酸、α -亚麻酸、β-亚麻酸 )含量高于对照组 ,脂肪酸不饱和指数 (UIFA)也高于对照组 ,这说明静电场处理可促进愈伤组织细胞抗寒能力提高。此外 ,丙二醛 (MDA)含量在静电场处理组低于对照组的测定结果也验证了前面的结果。     

Effects of herbivore stress by Aphis medicaginis Koch on the Malondialdehyde contents and the activities of protective enzymes in different alfalfa varieties

The study focused on the dynamics of Malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and the activities of protective enzymes in the leaves of alfalfa varieties with various resistances to Aphis medicaginis Koch. The results showed that susceptible varieties always had higher MDA contents than resistant varieties, and the MDA contents tended to rise in both susceptible and resistant varieties in period of the varieties were pierced and sucked by aphids. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activities in susceptible varieties were lower than those in resistant varieties, and in both susceptible and resistant varieties the SOD and POD activities tended to rise at first and then decline, and the PAL activities rose to their peaks and then tended to remain stable. In the susceptible and resistant varieties the catalase (CAT) activities appeared to rise and decline alternatively; the PPO activities in resistant varieties were lower than those in susceptible varieties in early growth, but higher than those in susceptible varieties in later growth. It follows that infested by aphids, susceptible and resistant varieties had the MDA contents, variations of SOD, POD, PAL and PPO activities were closely correlated with their aphid resistances, hence these indexes could be used as physiological indexes for testing aphid resistance of alfalfa, whereas the relations of their CAT activities to their resistances needed to be further studied.     

Effects of herbivore stress by Aphis medicaginis Koch on the Malondialdehyde contents and the activities of protective enzymes in different alfalfa varieties

The study focused on the dynamics of Malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and the activities of protective enzymes in the leaves of alfalfa varieties with various resistances to Aphis medicaginis Koch. The results showed that susceptible varieties always had higher MDA contents than resistant varieties, and the MDA contents tended to rise in both susceptible and resistant varieties in period of the varieties were pierced and sucked by aphids. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activities in susceptible varieties were lower than those in resistant varieties, and in both susceptible and resistant varieties the SOD and POD activities tended to rise at first and then decline, and the PAL activities rose to their peaks and then tended to remain stable. In the susceptible and resistant varieties the catalase (CAT) activities appeared to rise and decline alternatively; the PPO activities in resistant varieties were lower than those in susceptible varieties in early growth, but higher than those in susceptible varieties in later growth. It follows that infested by aphids, susceptible and resistant varieties had the MDA contents, variations of SOD, POD, PAL and PPO activities were closely correlated with their aphid resistances, hence these indexes could be used as physiological indexes for testing aphid resistance of alfalfa, whereas the relations of their CAT activities to their resistances needed to be further studied.