金藜麦耐盐性分析及营养评价

对我国沿海地区新收集种质资源金藜麦(Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)进行了耐盐性及营养品质评价。结果表明:金藜麦在对盐胁迫相对敏感的芽期和苗期表现出相对较高的耐盐性;子粒蛋白质含量为14.2%,蛋白营养价值优于牛奶以及小麦、水稻、玉米、大豆等作物;子粒中富含维生素B、E等以及钙、锰、铁、铜、锌等矿质元素,特别是钙含量高达190.16 mg/100g,是小米钙含量的35倍;且金藜麦子粒含有丰富的必需脂肪酸,如亚油酸(3.58 g/100g)和亚麻酸(0.44 g/100g),天然抗氧化剂维生素E含量为7.66 mg/100g。这些研究结果表明,新收集的金藜麦种质资源具有较高的营养价值和耐盐性,将为我国藜麦研究和种植提供重要的种质资源。     

藜麦在张家口地区试种的表现与评价

本研究对在张家口地区进行试种的4份藜麦材料进行了农艺性状与品质性状评价。试种藜麦株高范围为119.27~180.51 cm,生育期范围为103~118 d。子粒饱满,产量可达3 637.32 kg/hm2,蛋白质含量为14.79±0.72%,脂肪含量为7.57±1.17%,天冬氨酸、赖氨酸和精氨酸含量分别为1.37±0.06%、1.00±0.03%、1.47±0.08%,皂苷含量为2.12±0.50%。以上结果与文献对比结果表明,藜麦富含多种营养成分,且蛋白质含量丰富、氨基酸比例平衡、增产潜力大等特点能够充分表现,适宜在张家口地区以及生态条件类似的地区种植。     

富γ-氨基丁酸水稻种质筛选及与子粒性状相关性分析

利用高效液相色谱法,测定了108份水稻种质资源材料子粒中的γ-氨基丁酸含量,分析了不同种质资源材料间γ-氨基丁酸含量差异及与子粒性状的相关性,以γ-氨基丁酸含量差异较大的高粱稻-1与宁农黑粳配制杂交组合,测定亲本、杂交F1及216个F2子粒中的γ-氨基丁酸含量,分析其含量与相对胚重和子粒性状的相关性及变异系数,估算各性状的广义遗传力。结果表明:108份种质资源材料子粒中的γ-氨基丁酸含量变异范围为2.39~12.03 mg/100g,,平均含量为6.30±1.99 mg/100g,变异系数为31.59%;不同水稻种质资源材料子粒中的γ-氨基丁酸含量与粒厚、千粒重呈极显著的负相关;杂交F1子粒γ-氨基丁酸含量为8.39±0.11 mg/100g,介于双亲之间;F2单株子粒中的γ-氨基丁酸含量总体呈偏正态分布,且出现明显的超亲现象,说明水稻子粒中的γ-氨基丁酸含量是由多基因控制的数量性状遗传;杂交F2子粒中的γ-氨基丁酸含量与相对胚重呈极显著的正相关,与粒厚、千粒重呈极显著的负相关,与粒长呈显著的负相关;F2单株子粒中的γ-氨基丁酸含量、粒厚和千粒重的广义遗传力相对较高,分别为98.12%、91.99%、96.37%,在育种中对这些性状可进行早期选择。     

苗菜型藜麦新品系筛选及营养品质综合评价

目的:为明确苗菜型藜麦的营养价值,进而筛选优质苗菜型藜麦新品系.方法:以30份苗菜型藜麦品系为研究材料,测定藜麦间的相关品质指标,采用SPSS 25.0进行相关性分析和系统聚类,通过模糊数学隶属函数法对各品系营养品质进行综合评价.结果:藜麦各品系营养品质差异较大.蛋白质含量的变异系数最大,为47.50％,总多酚含量的变...     

拉萨藜麦营养成分分析与比较

目的：研究拉萨成功引种并种植的藜麦（贡扎8号）的品质。方法：对拉萨种植的贡扎8号藜表与甘肃种植的陇藜1号的全营养成分进行测定,并与国内外已报道的其他产地的藜麦营养成分进行对比分析。结果：拉萨种植的贡扎8号与甘肃种植的陇藜1号营养成分、矿物质含量相近。拉萨种植的贡扎8号的粗脂肪、粗纤维、矿质元素P的含量略高于陇藜1号,其余成分略低于陇藜1号。贡扎8号的蛋白质含量为12-8%,矿物元素Fe和Ca分别高达9-97、42-5 mg/100g,K和Na含量分别为725-54、4-78 mg/100g。结论：藜麦贡扎8号可以种植于拉萨,且品质较好。     

豌豆品质性状近红外模型建立及区域差异分析

探讨了傅立叶变换近红外光谱技术(FT-NIRS)检测豌豆蛋白质、淀粉、脂肪和总多酚含量的可行性。用化学方法测定190份豌豆种质的蛋白质、淀粉、脂肪以及总多酚含量,采集其子粒与粉末的近红外光谱,采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)分别建立两种光谱与成份含量预测模型。豌豆粉末模型结果优于子粒模型,其中蛋白质和淀粉的粉末模型的预测残差(RPD)为5.88、5.82,相关系数r2达到0.99、0.99,具有很好的预测性能。对其中产地信息详细明确的150份豌豆种质的品质性状与产地进行两步聚类分析,明确得到3种类型,其特点分别为:类群1低蛋白质含量,类群2高总多酚含量,类群3高蛋白质、高淀粉和高脂肪含量。进一步分析了豌豆品质性状随播种期、经度、纬度、海拔高度的变化情况。结果表明,近红外光谱技术可对豌豆种质资源的部分品质性状进行快速筛选鉴定,聚类分析结论、地理坐标与播期对豌豆种质主要品质性状的影响规律,都可为收集高品质性状豌豆种质资源提供可靠依据。     

内蒙古藜麦的营养成分分析及评价

以内蒙古种植的藜麦为试验原料,对其主要营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸、矿物质及维生素进行分析与评价。结果表明：藜麦中蛋白质含量为13-1%、粗脂肪为7-7%、淀粉为49-0%、灰分为2-2%、粗纤维为2-0%。藜麦含有17种氨基酸,其中有7种必需氨基酸,赖氨酸含量丰富。根据氨基酸评分（AAS）和化学评分（CS）,藜麦第一限制性氨基酸是蛋氨酸+胱氨酸。藜麦含有13种脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸含量丰富,占脂肪酸总量的85-25%,饱和脂肪酸占14-75%,其中棕榈酸含量最高,占脂肪酸总量的7-92%。矿物质和维生素含量丰富,其中钾、钙、镁、磷、铁、维生素B1和维生素B2含量均很高。因此,内蒙古种植的藜麦具有较高的营养价值。     

四川省的小麦地方品种品质分析

以67份四川省的小麦地方品种为试验材料,测定其19个品质指标并进行品质评价,旨在为小麦品质改良提供信息。结果表明,蛋白质和赖氨酸含量偏低,湿面筋含量、沉降值和面筋指数较高。粉质仪参数——形成时间、稳定时间和评价值偏低,面团流变学特性差。但也发现一些优质或专用小麦材料,如蛋白质含量〉14％的1份,湿面筋含量〉40％的10份,沉降值〉40ml的29份,中筋和弱筋小麦分别为7份和5份,德阳天绿场小麦、南部棒槌麦、酉阳光头、安岳红小麦和蓬溪红花光头麦5份材料具有相对较好的综合品质。相关分析表明,蛋白质含量、干湿面筋含量、沉降值、形成时间、稳定时间和评价值两两问简单相关（极）显著,蛋白质含量与湿面筋含量间和沉降值与稳定时间间偏相关显著。蛋白质含量与总淀粉含量间简单相关为极显著负相关。偏相关不显著。总淀粉含量与支链淀粉含量问简单相关和偏相关均极显著,总淀粉含量与直链淀粉含量间简单相关不显著,偏相关极显著,直链淀粉含量与支链淀粉含量间简单相关和偏相关均为极显著负相关。因此,在小麦育种早代进行蛋白质含量、沉降值和直链淀粉含量的选择为好。     

93份贵州地方辣椒资源品质性状分析

对93份贵州地方辣椒资源的品质性状进行了分析,结果表明:粗纤维含量在22.99%~44.06%之间,牛角椒含量最高,为33.71%;粗脂肪含量在11.49%~27.46%之间,锥形椒含量最高,为21.55%;蛋白质含量在12.81%~22.97%之间,指形椒含量最高,为18.78%;辣椒素含量在0.28~7.61 mg/g之间,指形椒含量最高,为4.47 mg/g;4个指标的平均隶属度值在0.21~0.68之间,超过0.60的辣椒资源有S106、S103、S072和S016;聚类分析表明,93份辣椒资源按平均隶属度大小可分为四大类型,即高品质型、中品质型、一般品质型和特殊品质型。贵州地方辣椒种质资源品质性状分析可为辣椒种质资源的创新利用、新品种的选育奠定基础。     

组培苗鲜罗汉果与干罗汉果营养成分的分析和比较

对组培苗鲜罗汉果与干罗汉果提取物的营养成分进行分析和比较研究,分别测定了蛋白质、脂肪、总糖、碳水化合物、灰分、矿质元素、维生素E和氨基酸含量。结果表明:组培苗鲜罗汉果和干罗汉果蛋白质含量分别为22.23%、19.8%,氨基酸总量分别为12.51%、8.36%,其中人体必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量分别为38.13%、36.36%,矿质元素含量分别为1081mg/100g、1089mg/100g,维生素E含量分别为0.183mg/100g、0.589mg/100g。组培苗鲜罗汉果的蛋白质、氨基酸含量比组培苗干罗汉果分别高2.43%、4.15%,碳水化合物、维生素E含量组培苗干罗汉果比组培苗鲜罗汉果分别高2.44%、0.406mg/100g,矿质元素、粗脂肪、总糖、灰分等含量两者不存在明显差异。     

独根草不同部位几种化学成分的分析比较

为评价独根草这一药赏两用植物,对独根草根、茎和叶中粗灰分、粗纤维、粗脂肪、还原糖、部分矿质元素及活性成分(多糖、绿原酸和总黄酮)进行了测定分析.结果表明:独根草叶中粗灰分、粗纤维、粗蛋白、粗脂肪及还原糖的含量分别为10.11％、8.02％ 、9.54％、9.91％和6.53％;Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn、K、Na、Ca和P等矿质元素含量分别为284、132.8、1.07、19.5μg/g、7.01 mg/g、169.38μg/g、221.9 μg/g和300.5 μg/g;还含有2.00％的绿原酸、6.98％的总黄酮,以及3.29％的粗多糖.叶中各成分含量多高于茎和根,证明其主要药用成分在叶;而茎和根均含有多种元素和活性成分,有一定的药用价值,是一种可以全株入药的药赏两用植物.     

Progression of mycotoxin and nutrient concentrations in wheat after inoculation with Fusarium culmorum

The objective of this study was to follow the mycotoxin formation and changes in nutrient composition of wheat (cv. Ritmo) artificially inoculated with Fusarium culmorum. From anthesis until harvest, samples were taken once a week from the inoculated and control plots. The investigations were focused on monitoring the progression of the contamination of the wheat kernels with deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON). Both the uncontaminated control kernels and the contaminated kernels were examined also for the presence of zearalenone-4-beta-D-glucopyranoside and several trichothecenes at harvest. Furthermore, the impact of the Fusarium inoculation on some nutrients as starch, crude protein, amino acid composition, crude ash, non starch polysaccharides (NSP) as well as viscosity and thousand seed weight (TSW) was examined. Also proteolytic and amylolytic activity as well as the NSP-degrading enzyme activities of inoculated and control samples were analysed at the time of harvest. DON was detected in higher concentrations and in earlier stages, while ZON was found later and in smaller amounts. On average 7.79 mg/kg DM of DON and 100 microg/kg DM of ZON were found in the inoculated kernels at the time of harvest. Neither in the contaminated nor in the control samples glucose conjugates of ZON (Zearalenone-4-beta-D-glucopyranoside) were detected. Moreover, the infection with Fusarium culmorum had pronounced effects on some quality parameters. The crude protein content of the inoculated kernels showed significantly higher values over the whole period compared to the control kernels. The protein content of the inoculated kernels amounted 13.9% DM at harvest, while only a concentration of 12.5% DM was detected in the control samples. Similarly, in almost all stages of development the crude ash content of inoculated samples was higher than in control samples. These distinct differences in kernel composition resulted possibly from the changes of the thousand seed weight. In the present work the grain harvested from the control plots showed a significantly higher TSW (24.2 g) as compared to their inoculated counterparts (15.5 g). Despite lower extract viscosity of inoculated samples at time of harvest, the content of soluble NSP of inoculated plots was higher than in control samples at the same time. Moreover, inoculation resulted in markedly increased activities of protease, amylase and several NSP-degrading enzyme activities. This would suggest that the cell wall penetrating properties of the fungus itself and/or that the fungus induced alterations of the metabolic activity of the embryo or other constituents of the wheat kernel could be responsible.     

Progression of mycotoxin and nutrient concentrations in wheat after inoculation with Fusarium culmorum

The objective of this study was to follow the mycotoxin formation and changes in nutrient composition of wheat (cv. Ritmo) artificially inoculated with Fusarium culmorum. From anthesis until harvest, samples were taken once a week from the inoculated and control plots. The investigations were focused on monitoring the progression of the contamination of the wheat kernels with deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON). Both the uncontaminated control kernels and the contaminated kernels were examined also for the presence of zearalenone-4-beta-D-glucopyranoside and several trichothecenes at harvest. Furthermore, the impact of the Fusarium inoculation on some nutrients as starch, crude protein, amino acid composition, crude ash, non starch polysaccharides (NSP) as well as viscosity and thousand seed weight (TSW) was examined. Also proteolytic and amylolytic activity as well as the NSP-degrading enzyme activities of inoculated and control samples were analysed at the time of harvest. DON was detected in higher concentrations and in earlier stages, while ZON was found later and in smaller amounts. On average 7.79?mg/kg DM of DON and 100?μg/kg DM of ZON were found in the inoculated kernels at the time of harvest. Neither in the contaminated nor in the control samples glucose conjugates of ZON (Zearalenone-4-beta-D-glucopyranoside) were detected. Moreover, the infection with Fusarium culmorum had pronounced effects on some quality parameters. The crude protein content of the inoculated kernels showed significantly higher values over the whole period compared to the control kernels. The protein content of the inoculated kernels amounted 13.9% DM at harvest, while only a concentration of 12.5% DM was detected in the control samples. Similarly, in almost all stages of development the crude ash content of inoculated samples was higher than in control samples. These distinct differences in kernel composition resulted possibly from the changes of the thousand seed weight. In the present work the grain harvested from the control plots showed a significantly higher TSW (24.2?g) as compared to their inoculated counterparts (15.5?g). Despite lower extract viscosity of inoculated samples at time of harvest, the content of soluble NSP of inoculated plots was higher than in control samples at the same time. Moreover, inoculation resulted in markedly increased activities of protease, amylase and several NSP-degrading enzyme activities. This would suggest that the cell wall penetrating properties of the fungus itself and/or that the fungus induced alterations of the metabolic activity of the embryo or other constituents of the wheat kernel could be responsible.     

荷叶离褶伞子实体营养成分分析与评价

经测定,荷叶离褶伞Lyophyllum decastes子实体含粗蛋白21.4%,粗脂肪8.2%,粗纤维9.52%,碳水化合物53.03%,灰分13.6%;必需氨基酸6.02g/100g,占氨基酸总量(16.82g/100g)的35.78%;含维生素B10.068mg、维生素B24.26mg、维生素B6590μg、维生素B1255.7μg、烟酸21.2mg;1kg子实体含锌50.0mg、铜19.0mg、硒0.013mg、镉1.85mg、汞0.56mg、铅0.75mg、砷0.29mg。     

不同产地长柄扁桃种仁成分分析

采用GC-MS、AAS、HPLC等方法对选自陕西神木、内蒙古包头、内蒙古阿拉善盟、河北承德4个不同产地的长柄扁桃种仁的一般成分(粗脂肪、粗蛋白、水分、灰分、总糖、总膳食纤维)、氨基酸、微量元素、脂肪酸及苦杏仁苷含量等进行分析。研究表明,不同产地长柄扁桃种仁各组分含量有一定差别,但均富含粗脂肪(416~478g/kg)和粗蛋白(206~286g/kg);种仁中氨基酸种类齐全,含量丰富;均含Ca、Mg、P、Fe、K等9种对人体有益的矿质元素,未检出Pb、Cd、Hg、As等元素;长柄扁桃油中不饱和脂肪酸含量在96.8%以上,以油酸和亚油酸主;苦杏仁苷含量在3%左右。从测定结果来看,长柄扁桃种仁可以作为开发食用油、蛋白粉以及苦杏仁苷的原材料,具有较好的经济价值,适宜于广大北方荒漠地区推广种植。     

Progression of the mycotoxin and nutrient concentration in wheat after inoculation with<Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium culmorum</Emphasis>

The aim of the study was to follow the mycotoxin formation and the changes in nutrient composition of wheat artificially inoculated withFusarium cuimorum. From anthesis until harvest, samples were taken once a week from the inoculated and control plots. The investigations were focused on the progression of the contamination of the wheat with deoxyni-valenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON). Furthermore, the impact of the Fusarium inoculation on the quality parameters starch, crude protein, crude ash, viscosity, non starch polysaccharides (NSP) and thousand seed weight was examined. Deoxynivalenol was detected in higher concentrations and in earlier stages, while zearalenone was found later and in smaller amounts. Moreover, the infection withFusarium cuimorum had pronounced effects on some quality parameters.     

洋虫营养成分分析

分析洋虫Palembus dermestoides(Fairmaire)成、幼虫体内的营养成分,并对氨基酸的质量进行了评价。结果表明:洋虫成虫和幼虫都具有丰富的营养,其中粗蛋白48.31%和54.94%、粗脂肪17.64%和18.24%、粗灰分3.0%和2.8%、总糖31.05%和24.08%,TAA为39.03 g/100 g和47.4 g/100 g、EAA/TAA为46.29%和47.14%,含有丰富的矿物质和微量元素,尤其是Zn的含量达到101.00 mg/kg和186.00 mg/kg,且不含有对人体有害的Cd,Hg,Pb。对幼虫进行氨基酸评价,其必需氨基酸指数为114.71。与目前常见的蛋白源相比较,洋虫是一种高蛋白、低脂肪、氨基酸含量较全面且富含矿物质和微量元素的昆虫资源。     

青蛤的营养成分分析与评价

测定了61、2月份青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)的营养成份,并对其营养价值进行综合评定。结果表明,6月份青蛤的营养较12月份好,其粗蛋白比12月的高出2.84%,粗脂肪含量高出1.74%;6月和12月的氨基酸总含量分别为826.3 mg/g蛋白质和804.0 mg/g蛋白质,其中必需氨基酸分别占36.1%和33.6%,氨基酸计分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)是6月的较高,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)则分别为64.23和59.88。其不饱和脂肪酸占脂质总量的67.7%,其中单烯酸占24.9%,多烯酸占42.8%,“脑黄金”DHA和EPA的含量分别达到11.3%和18.4%。还含有多种微量元素和维生素。