四川省的小麦地方品种品质分析

以67份四川省的小麦地方品种为试验材料，测定其19个品质指标并进行品质评价，旨在为小麦品质改良提供信息。结果表明，蛋白质和赖氨酸含量偏低，湿面筋含量、沉降值和面筋指数较高。粉质仪参数——形成时间、稳定时间和评价值偏低，面团流变学特性差。但也发现一些优质或专用小麦材料，如蛋白质含量〉14％的1份，湿面筋含量〉40％的10份，沉降值〉40ml的29份，中筋和弱筋小麦分别为7份和5份，德阳天绿场小麦、南部棒槌麦、酉阳光头、安岳红小麦和蓬溪红花光头麦5份材料具有相对较好的综合品质。相关分析表明，蛋白质含量、干湿面筋含量、沉降值、形成时间、稳定时间和评价值两两问简单相关（极）显著，蛋白质含量与湿面筋含量间和沉降值与稳定时间间偏相关显著。蛋白质含量与总淀粉含量间简单相关为极显著负相关。偏相关不显著。总淀粉含量与支链淀粉含量问简单相关和偏相关均极显著，总淀粉含量与直链淀粉含量间简单相关不显著，偏相关极显著，直链淀粉含量与支链淀粉含量间简单相关和偏相关均为极显著负相关。因此，在小麦育种早代进行蛋白质含量、沉降值和直链淀粉含量的选择为好。

Analysis on Quality Characters of Wheat Landraces in Sichuan Province

Nineteen quality parameters of 67 wheat landraces in Sichuan province were investigated and analyzed. The result indicated that protein content and lysine content of all the varieties were commonly low, while wet gluten content, sedimentation value and gluten index were higher. Farinogram-development time, stability time and valorimeter value were generally low, and dough theological properties were not very perfect. Among all the 67 wheat landraces, one protein content exceeded 14 %, ten wet gluten content exceeded 40 %, sedimentation value of 29 exceeded 40ml, and 7 and 5 varieties were of middle and weak gluten, respectively. Five landraces, including Deyang tianli.ichang xiaomai, Nanbu bangchuimai, Youyang guangtou, Anyue hongxiaomai and Pengxi honghua guangtoumai could be considered to be perfect general quality characters. The correlation analysis indicated that the simple correlations between protein content, dry or wet gluten content, sedimentation value, development time, stability time and valorimeter value were significant or great significant. Partial correlations between protein content and wet gluten content and between sedimentation value and stability time were also significant. Protein content was simply negatively correlated to total starch content at a level of 0. 01, while partial correlation between them was not significant. Both simple correlations and partial ones between total starch content and amylopectin content were negatively significant at a level of 0. 01. Simple correlation between total starch content and amylose content was not significant, while partial correlation between them was great significant. Amylose content was negatively related to amylopectin content at a level of 0. 01 based on both simple correlations and partial ones. Therefore, it was reasonable to choose protein content, sedimentation value and amylose content as primary evaluation indexes in early generations of wheat breeding.