蜂毒溶血肽前体蛋白cDNA的克隆及其融合蛋白的表达

从蜜蜂毒腺中提取总RNA ,通过RT PCR扩增得到了蜂毒溶血肽前体蛋白的cDNA ,将扩增产物克隆到 pT7Blu T载体上 ,再进一步将插入片段酶切并连接到 pUC1 1 8载体上 ,构建了重组质粒pUMP。DNA序列分析结果表明 ,克隆得到的cDNA序列与所发表序列完全相同 ,且与 β 半乳糖苷酶部分序列构成正确的读码框。含重组质粒 pUMP的大肠杆菌DH5α表达了与β 半乳糖苷酶部分序列融合的蜂毒溶血肽前体蛋白     

霍乱毒素B亚基融合蛋白表达系统的构建

霍乱毒素Ｂ亚基（ＣＴＢ）是良好的免疫佐剂和载体蛋白。本研究通过定点突变,在ＣＴＢ基因（ｃｔｘＢ）３′端终止密码前引入了限制性内切酶ＥｃｏＲＩ,构建了质粒ｐＭＣ０５。ｐＭＣ０５中ＣＴＢ与下游ｌａｃＺ′基因阅读框架相同,转化大肠杆菌后能够表达ＣＴＢ与β－半乳糖苷酶α肽的融合蛋白;所表达的融合蛋白能与ＧＭ１结合,说明融合蛋白保持ＣＴＢ的基本高级结构和生物学活性;融合蛋白能与抗－ＣＴＢ抗体结合,说明融合蛋白具有ＣＴＢ的抗原性。以上结果表明：通过将外源抗原决定簇基因融合至ｃｔｘＢ的３′端,在大肠杆菌中表达融合蛋白,构建基因工程肽苗是可行的。还探索了转录终止序列对融合基因蛋白表达水平的影响,构建了高效表达融合蛋白的载体－宿主系统。     

霍乱毒素B亚基融合蛋白表达系统的构建

霍乱毒素Ｂ亚基（ＣＴＢ）是良好的免疫佐剂和载体蛋白。本研究通过定点突变,在ＣＴＢ基因（ｃｔｘＢ）３＇端终止密码前引入了限制性内切酶ＥｃｏＲＩ,构建了质粒ＰＭＣ０５,ＰＭＣ０５中ＣＴＢ与下游ｌａｃＺ＇基因阅读框架相同,转化大肠杆菌后能够表达ＣＴＢ与β－半乳糖苷酶α肽的融合蛋白;所表达的融合蛋白能与ＧＭ１结合,说明融合蛋白保持ＣＴＢ的基本高级结构和生物学活性;融合蛋白能与抗－ＣＴＢ抗体结合,说明融合蛋     

乳清酸蛋白(WAP)基因调控序列的鉴定及在小鼠乳腺细胞表达LacZ基因的研究

乳清酸蛋白（ＷＡＰ）是小鼠乳中的主要蛋白质．在亚克隆该基因的基础上,对其进行了酶切鉴定,并对该基因５′区进行克隆和序列分析,在核实序列正确后,构建了以其为调控序列,指导β－半乳糖苷酶基因的真核表达质粒,采用直接注射质粒的方法在小鼠乳腺中表达出β－半乳糖苷酶活性,从而证实基因调控序列的功能正确性,可以用于转基因动物乳腺表达研究,同时证实该方法可以作为一种暂时性表达载体的验证方法．     

中华蜜蜂和意大利蜜蜂蜂毒前溶血肽原蛋白cDNA的克隆与序列分析

分别从中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana和意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera工蜂毒腺中抽提总RNA,通过RT-PCR方法扩增,各得到了蜂毒前溶血肽原蛋白的cDNA,再将扩增产物克隆到pGEM-Teasy载体上,进行测序和序列分析。结果表明,所扩增到的这两个片段长度均为213 bp,均为编码蜂毒前溶血肽原的cDNA,并分别推导出两者所编码的氨基酸序列。经序列比较,中华蜜蜂前溶血肽原与意大利蜜蜂、印度蜜蜂Apis cerana indica前溶血肽原的同源性都为97%。所报道的中华蜜蜂蜂毒前溶血肽原的核苷酸序列的GenBank登录号为AF487907。     

家蚕丝蛋白基因启动子调控β－半乳糖苷酶在家蚕细胞系中的瞬时表达

家蚕丝蛋白基因启动子调控β－半乳糖苷酶在家蚕细胞系中的瞬时表达华刚,钱斌,吴祥甫（中国科学院上海生物化学研究所,２０００３１）关键词丝蛋白启动子;β－半乳糖苷酶基因;瞬时表达家蚕丝蛋自基因（Ｗｂ：Ｆｉｂｒｏｉｎｇｅｎｅ）在发育后期幼虫的后部丝腹中主要...     

应用CTB基因启动子及信号肽序列构建分泌性表达系统

利用霍乱毒素B亚基基因的启动子、信号肽序列及ctx操纵子的转录终止信号构建了分泌性表达的质粒载体pMCOSS。Β－半乳糖苷酶基因克隆至霍乱毒素B亚基基因的信号肽序列下游后能得到高效分泌性表达。不同的宿主菌和培养基成分中对β-半乳糖苷酶的表达产量有较大的影响,以MM2为宿主菌、在玉米浆培养基中β－半乳糖苷酶的表达产量达4 lOOu／ml,产物的大部分分泌至细胞的周质,活力测定的结果与SDS—PAGE电泳测定结果基本一致,说明表达的β－半乳糖苷酶绝大部分都具有酶活性。构建的蛋白质分泌性表达的载体－宿主系统及合适的培养条件为易形成包含体的蛋白质的高效表达提供了一条新的途径。     

4种胡蜂前溶血肽原基因的克隆与序列比较

从雌性亚非马蜂、额斑黄胡蜂、墨胸胡蜂、大胡蜂毒腺中抽提总RNA,通过RT-PCR方法扩增得到4种胡蜂蜂毒前溶血肽原的cDNA,再将扩增产物克隆到pGEM⑥-Teasy vector上。测序结果表明：扩增得到的片段长度均为213bp,系蜂毒前溶血肽原编码区的cDNA。经序列比较,4种胡蜂蜂毒前溶血肽原之间的氨基酸序列同源性都超过95％。亚非马蜂、额斑黄胡蜂、墨胸胡蜂、大胡蜂各自与意大利蜜蜂蜂毒前溶血肽原氨基酸序列的同源性分别为95．8％、100％、97．2％、97．2％。结果表明：蜂毒前溶血肽原一级结构序列具有很高的保守性,尽管胡蜂和蜜蜂属于膜翅目不同的总科,但它们的前溶血肽原基因却非常相似。     

利用杆状病毒载体在棉铃虫血细胞中表达大肠杆菌β－半乳糖苷酶

用携带大肠杆菌β－半乳糖苷酶基因的杆状病毒转移载体pAc36O－B－gal与野生型的苜蓿丫纹夜蛾(AcNPV)DNA同时转染草地夜蛾细胞,经x—gal筛选和空斑纯化得到重组型杆状病毒AcNPV－β－gal。该重组病毒能有效地感染棉铃虫血细胞系,并高效表达出受AcNPV多角体蛋白启动子控制的、具有生物活性的外源基因产物－－β－半裂糖苷酶。80％以上的酶蛋白能分泌到细胞外,培养液中酶活可达每毫升50000单位以上,约相当于170μg酶蛋白。用要SDS－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离表达产物和β－半乳糖苷酶在凝胶上的特异性显色反应分析,重组病毒在棉铃虫血细胞中表达的AcNPV多角体蛋白－－大肠杆菌β－半乳糖苷酶融合蛋白是以5种活性的多聚体或复合物形式存在的。     

人乳头瘤病毒6b型H增强子样序列在大肠杆菌中增强基因转录和β—干 …

将人乳头瘤病毒６ｂ型（ＨＰＶ６ｂ）基因组上游调控区（ＵＲＲ）５４０ｂｐ的Ｓａｕ３Ａ－Ｎａｒｌ片段（Ｈ序列）,正反向插入β－干扰素表达载Ｔｒｐ劝子上游,使β－ＩＦＮ表达明显增强,可使基因表达水平提高３．６倍和２．１倍。Ｈ序列正反向插入增强子检测载体不仅使β－半乳糖苷酶表达活性增加－１０倍,还能使半乳糖苷酶ｍＲＮＡ量明显增高,证明Ｈ序列对被调控基因的增强作用是发生在转录水平。     

Amino acid sequences which promote and prevent the binding and membrane insertion of surface-active peptides: comparison of melittin and promelittin

The temporal sequence of molecular events involved in the interactions of a number of related peptides with membranes are revealed using two complementary fluorescence techniques. Comparative studies are reported of the interactions of melittin, promelittin and a melittin analogue with trp-19 replaced with Ile and the n-terminal gly replaced with a trp residue, with phosphatidylcholine membranes. It is shown that the interaction of the n-terminal region of melittin rapidly binds and inserts into the body of the membrane with a rate constant of around 367 s-1. This is followed by a slightly slower membrane insertion of the trp-19 region with a rate constant of around 112 s-1. The positive charges of the melittin molecule then come into close proximity with the membrane with rate constants around 27 s-1. Finally, these charged regions insert into the hydrophobic core of the membrane with rate constants of about 0.3 s-1. The effect of incorporating net negative charge onto the membrane surface in the form of 15 mole % phosphatidylserine, augments by about threefold, the binding of the charged domains of the melittin molecule. The observations of the melittin interactions are compared with the melittin-precursor protein, promelittin. Sections of the promelittin molecule are also found to bind and insert into the body of the phospholipid membrane, although nearly 30 times less rapidly than melittin. No charged sections of promelittin are found to insert into the membrane.     

Insect protein synthesis in frog cells: the translation of honey bee promelittin messenger RNA in Xenopus oocytes

Venom glands of young queen bees (Apis mellifera) synthesize the toxic peptide melittin as their main product. Melittin is formed by proteolytic cleavage of a precursor, promelittin. Unfractionated RNA prepared from venom glands was injected into Xenopus oocytes and was shown to direct the synthesis of a promelittin-like substance. About half of the peptide chain made in oocytes has been sequenced; the 17 amino acid residues identified correspond exactly with sequences found in promelittin from venom gland cells. These results yield final proof that injected messenger RNAs can be read with great fidelity. The translation of a messenger from an insect gland shows that at least some of the translational systems within the oocyte are neither cell-type nor phylum specific. It seems likely that the oocyte can be used to assay any kind of eukaryotic mRNA.The conversion of promelittin to melittin could not be detected in oocytes. Moreover, the promelittin synthesized in oocytes differs at the carboxyl end from the product made in gland cells, for the latter terminates with glutamine amide while the oocyte material probably ends with an amino acid with a free α-carboxyl group. Some of the post-translational modifications characteristic of gland cells thus do not seem to take place in oocytes.     

Translation of honeybee promelittin messenger RNA. Formation of a larger product in a mammalian cell-free system.

Venom glands of honeybees synthesize the peptide melittin via the precursor promelittin. Total RNA preparations from venom glands served as template in a cell-free system prepared from mammalian cells. The heterologous system translated the insect mRNA with approximately the same efficiency as hemoglobin mRNA. A polypeptide was synthesized which, as shown by acrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of detergent, has a higher molecular weight than promelittin. Analysis of peptic fragments as well as Edman degradation have demonstrated that sequences characteristic of venom gland promelittin are present in this product formed in vitro. Furthermore, a bacterial protease which specifically splits after acidic residues liberates from the cell-free product a fragment which closely resembles melittin. Evidence is presented that most of the extra amino acids are located at the amino terminus of the product formed in vitro. The larger polypeptide detected in vitro may represent a precursor of promelittin.     

Import of honeybee prepromelittin into the endoplasmic reticulum. Requirements for membrane insertion, processing, and sequestration

Honeybee prepromelittin is correctly processed and imported by dog pancreas microsomes. Membrane insertion of prepromelittin, assayed as signal sequence removal by signal peptidase, is not dependent on signal recognition particle and docking protein. However, a previously uncharacterized proteinaceous component of the microsomal membrane is required for completion of membrane transfer of promelittin. Furthermore, membrane insertion of prepromelittin is not coupled to translation. These data suggest the signal sequence, in addition to its role in membrane recognition, has a more general function for membrane insertion, cotranslational import of proteins is not an intrinsic feature of microsomes, and at least in certain cases, proteinaceous membrane components are involved in membrane transfer.     

小花棘豆(Oxytripis glabra DC)毒素基因的cDNA克隆及序列测定

在完成小花棘豆毒素 95 %氨基酸序列的基础上 ,根椐已知的氨基酸序列 ,设计合成了特异简并引物 .以小花棘豆总RNA为模板 ,逆转录合成cDNA第一链 ,用置换法合成双链cDNA .用特异引物对此双链cDNA进行PCR扩增 ,将扩增后的目的基因与用SmaⅠ酶切的质粒pUC 18连接 ,转化大肠杆菌JM10 7.筛选阳性克隆进行序列分析 ,获得了OXY基因的全部序列 .经测序后测得基因序列与原氨基酸序列对照完全一致 .GenBnak数据检索说明 ,OXY基因编码序列确定是一个从未报道的序列 .此研究结果对该毒素的应用研究奠定了基础 .