Polι与移行细胞癌发生关系的实验研究

目的:检测DNA聚合酶■(Pol■)在膀胱肿瘤细胞株及移行细胞癌组织中的表达,探讨Pol■在移行细胞癌组织中表达的意义。方法:培养膀胱肿瘤细胞株BIU87细胞、T24细胞株,利用RT-PCR方法检测Pol■在膀胱肿瘤细胞株中的表达;收集人膀胱粘膜正常组织、临床膀胱肿瘤和肾盂癌的移行细胞癌组织标本,利用RT-PCR方法检测组织标本中Pol■的表达。结果:Pol■在膀胱肿瘤细胞株中丰富表达,显著高于膀胱正常粘膜组织(P<0.01);Pol■在膀胱肿瘤及肾盂癌组织的表达显著高于膀胱正常粘膜组织的表达(P<0.01),且与移行细胞癌的分级相关。结论:Pol■在移行细胞癌组织中的高表达可能与膀胱肿瘤的发生、发展相关,为进一步研究Pol■在膀胱肿瘤中表达的意义打下基础。     

膀胱尿路上皮癌组织CRMP2、NUSAP1、hMSH2表达与临床病理参数和预后的关系研究

目的:探讨膀胱尿路上皮癌组织坍塌反应调节蛋白2(CRMP2)、核仁和纺锤体相关蛋白l(NUSAP1)、人类错配修复基因2(h MSH2)表达与临床病理参数和预后的关系。方法:选取2018年2月至2020年3月我院收治的85例膀胱尿路上皮癌患者,比较手术切除的癌组织和癌旁粘膜组织中CRMP2、NUSAP1、hMSH2表达情况。比较不同病理参数癌组织中CRMP2、NUSAP1、hMSH2阳性表达率差异,分析CRMP2、NUSAP1、hMSH2与膀胱尿路上皮癌患者预后的关系。结果:与癌旁组织比较,膀胱尿路上皮癌患者癌组织中CRMP2、NUSAP1阳性表达率增高(P<0.05),hMSH2降低(P<0.05)。T2-T4、高级别肿瘤患者癌组织中CRMP2、NUSAP1阳性表达率高于Tis-T1、低级别肿瘤患者(P<0.05),多发癌组织中CRMP2阳性表达率高于单发(P<0.05),T2-T4癌组织中hMSH2阳性表达率低于Tis-T1(P<0.05)。总生存率、无复发生存率、无进展生存率比较,CRMP2阳性表达者低于CRMP2阴性表达者(P<0.05),hMSH2阴性表达者低于hMSH2阳性表达者(P<0.05),NUSAP1阳性表达者无复发生存率、无进展生存率低于NUSAP1阴性表达者(P<0.05)。Cox风险比例回归分析结果显示复发、进展、CRMP2阳性表达、NUSAP1阳性表达、hMSH2阴性表达是膀胱尿路上皮癌患者不良预后的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:CRMP2、NUSAP1阳性表达,hMSH2阴性表达与膀胱尿路上皮癌临床病理参数、复发转移以及不良预后有关。     

非小细胞肺癌组织MAGE-A3、HIF-1α、MTA1表达与临床病理参数及复发转移的关系研究

目的:探讨非小细胞肺癌组织黑色素瘤相关抗原-A3(MAGE-A3)、缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)、转移相关蛋白1(MTA1)表达与临床病理参数及复发转移的关系。方法:选择2015年2月至2018年1月我院诊治的130例非小细胞肺癌患者进行临床研究,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测其非小细胞癌组织及癌旁组织中MAGE-A3、HIF-1α、MTA1的表达,分析MAGE-A3、HIF-1α、MTA1的表达与各项临床病理参数的关系。对比不同MAGE-A3、HIF-1α、MTA1表达情况患者的转移率及复发率。结果:130例非小细胞肺癌组织中MAGE-A3、HIF-1α、MTA1阳性率分别为70.77%、74.62%、79.23%,明显高于癌旁组织的25.38%、22.31%、17.69%(P<0.05)。非小细胞肺癌组织中MAGE-A3、HIF-1α、MTA1表达与淋巴结转移和TNM分期相关(P<0.05)。MAGE-A3、HIF-1α、MTA1阳性患者转移/复发率明显高于MAGE-A3、HIF-1α、MTA1阴性患者(P<0.05)。结论:MAGE-A3、HIF-1α、MTA1在非小细胞肺癌中阳性表达率升高,并且均与非小细胞肺癌淋巴结转移、TNM分期和转移复发相关,在非小细胞肺癌的诊断和预后评估中具有一定临床意义。     

LOXL4mRNA在膀胱癌中的表达及意义

膀胱癌是泌尿生殖系统最常见的恶性肿瘤,但其发生、发展的机制不清楚.通过采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测58例膀胱癌组织、12例时照膀胱组织LOXL4(lysyl oxidase-like protein 4)mRNA的表达及其与临床分期、病理分级的关系.研究发现,58例膀胱癌组织中,LOXIA mRNA阳性表达率为24.1%(14/58),对照膀胱正常组织中LOXL4 mRNA阳性表达率为100%(12/12),膀胱癌组LOXL4 mRNA阳性表达率明显低于对照组(P<0.05).在膀胱癌组织不同临床分期中,Ta～1期阳性表达率为40%(10/25),T2～4期阳性表达率为12.1%(4/33),T2-4期膀胱癌组LOXL4 mRNA阳性表达率低于Ta～1期膀胱癌(P<0.05).不同病理分级膀胱癌组织中,G1阳性表达率为42.9%(9/21),G2～3阳性表达率为13.5%(5,37),G2～3膀胱癌组LOXIA mRNA阳性表达率低于G1膀胱癌(P<0.05).结果表明膀胱癌组LOXL4 mRNA表达水平明显低于正常对照组,LOXL4 mRNA的表达与膀胱癌的临床分期和病理分级呈负相关.提示LOXL4失表达、低表达可能是膀胱癌发生、发展的关键因素之一.     

肿瘤转移抑制基因TIP30/CC3在膀胱尿路上皮癌中的作用

目的探讨膀胱尿路上皮癌中肿瘤转移抑制基因TIP30/CC3基因的表达及意义。方法收集武汉大学人民医院病理科2000-2006年有完整临床和病理资料的膀胱尿路上皮癌存档蜡块50例和5例癌旁组织,采用免疫组织化学S-P法检测50例膀胱尿路上皮癌和5例癌旁组织中TIP30/CC3基因的表达水平。并分析TIP30/CC3基因与膀胱尿路上皮癌临床和病理特征的关系。采用HPIAS-1000高清晰度彩色病理图文报告管理系统,对TIP30/CC3基因的表达进行定量分析,并用SPSS13.0软件对各组免疫组织化学反应阳性颗粒的平均光密度、阳性面积率做单因素方差分析和SNK(q)检验。结果 (1)TIP30/CC3基因在膀胱尿路上皮癌中呈低表达,癌旁组织中呈高表达。膀胱尿路上皮癌与癌旁组织相比,差异有显著性(P<0.05);(2)TIP30/CC3的表达与患者年龄、性别之间的差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。但与肿瘤浸润深度、分化程度和临床UICC分期之间的差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。结论抑癌基因TIP30/CC3基因在膀胱尿路上皮癌中的低表达可能促进了膀胱尿路上皮癌的发生和发展。     

c-erbB-2单克隆抗体A18在乳腺癌中表达特性的研究

目的：研究一株自制的c-erbB-2单克隆抗体A18在乳腺癌中表达的特性。方法：应用免疫组织化学SP法、蛋白质印迹分析法和荧光激活的流式细胞分选检测技术检测A18在635例乳腺癌组织、100例癌旁乳腺组织、不表达c-erbB-2的NIH／3T3（鼠成纤维细胞）和NE91（转表皮生长因子受体基因的NR6鼠成纤维面积）细胞株及高表达c-erbB-2的T6－17（转c-erbB-2－基因的NIH／3T3细胞）和SKBR3（人乳腺癌细胞）细胞株中的表达状况,并与市售进口c-erbB-2抗体（MaximBiotech产品）进行了平行对照研究。A18系采用细胞表面区域表位包埋法免疫小鼠制备而成,,结果：A18阳性染色定位于细胞膜,部分伴微弱的细胞浆着色,无明显非特异性染色,A18和进口抗体对NIH／3T3、NE91细胞均呈阴性,T6－17、SKBR3细胞均呈阳性,在乳腺癌组织中,A18的阳性率为60．3％,明显高于癌旁乳腺组织的5．0％,A18与进口同类单抗的阴性、阳性及总符合率分别为84．0％、82．8％及83．2％,与进口同类多抗的阴性,阳性及总符合率分别为88．0％、90．2％和89．5％。A1和进口同类单抗与乳腺癌临床病理特征的关系一致。经反复冻融7次或4℃保存10个月A18效价仍保持在3μg/ml。结论：A18特异性强,定位准确,效价高而稳定、可用于临床乳腺癌的检测。     

原位杂交检测microRNA-205在乳腺癌中的表达

目的探讨microRNA-205表达与乳腺恶性病变的关系。方法乳腺疾病及癌组织芯片原位杂交分析microRNA-205的表达;实时定量RT-PCR方法检测正常乳腺细胞株、恶性程度不同的乳腺癌细胞株中microRNA-205的表达。结果原位杂交分析显示,36例正常与良性乳腺病变中,33例(91.67%)表达阳性;36例乳腺癌中,23例(63.89%)表达阳性。microRNA-205的表达在乳腺正常与良性病变中的表达较恶性病变中高且有统计学差异(P=0.011),但与乳腺癌TNM分期、临床分期无关(P0.05)。实时定量RT-PCR结果显示,四个高度恶性乳腺癌细胞株(MDA-MB-231、HS578T、BT549和SUM159PT)中microRNA-205的表达较永生化正常乳腺上皮细胞株MCF10A和四个低度恶性细胞株(MDA-MB-468、T-47D、ZR-75-1和SKBR3)中为低(P0.05)。结论原位杂交适用于microRNA-205的表达分析;组织芯片标本原位杂交与乳腺细胞株实时定量RT-PCR分析结果提示,microRNA-205可能参与了乳腺癌的发生、发展,并随着乳腺癌的演进呈下调趋势。     

结直肠癌患者血浆甲基化Sept9基因的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨甲基化Sept9基因在结直肠癌患者血浆中的表达及临床意义。方法:选择2015年1月~2017年3月经陕西省人民医院病理证实的结直肠癌患者87例(结直肠癌组)、结直肠息肉患者79例(结直肠息肉组)、健康体检者93例(健康对照组)作为研究对象,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术检测其外周血血浆Sept9基因甲基化情况,比较三组甲基化Sept9基因阳性表达率,分析甲基化Sept9基因阳性表达与结直肠癌病理特征的关系。结果:血浆甲基化Sept9基因在结直肠癌组、结直肠息肉组、健康对照组的阳性表达率分别为71.26%(62/87)、5.06%(4/79)、3.23%(3/93),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);血浆甲基化Sept9基因阳性表达与结直肠癌患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤部位、病理分型、血管侵犯、神经侵犯无关(P0.05),与肿瘤最大径、浸润深度、分化程度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期有关(P0.05);结直肠癌患者血浆甲基化Sept9基因阳性表达率为71.26%(62/87),高于血清CEA的54.02%(47/87)、CA199的35.63%(31/87)、CA724的33.33%(29/87)、CA125的21.84%(19/87),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:结直肠癌患者外周血血浆甲基化Sept9基因呈高表达状态,早期检测甲基化Sept9基因表达水平在结直肠癌的诊断及病情评估中有重要意义。     

稳定表达外源性p16基因肺癌A549细胞株的建立及鉴定

为构建稳定表达外源性抑癌基因p16的肺癌A549细胞株,用脂质体介导的基因转染方法,借助真核质粒表达载体（pcDNA3)。将抑癌基因p16转移入此基因缺失的人肺癌细胞株A549细胞中,经G418筛选,获得稳定表达的细胞克隆,用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）及免疫组织化学鉴定p16基因的表达,同时对克隆细胞分泌蛋白进行活性检测。结果显示转染p16基因的A549细胞中可以检测到p16mRNA及蛋白的表达,说明建立的p16真核表达载体能在肺肿瘤细胞中分泌表达蛋白,表达P16抑癌蛋白的A549细胞株的建立有助于研究抑癌基因p16在肺癌发生中的作用。     

骨肉瘤中RASSF1A基因的甲基化状态研究

目的:分析骨肉瘤组织中RASSF1A基因甲基化状况。方法:运用甲基化特异性PCR(MSP)分别检测44例骨肉瘤组织及相应的癌旁组织中RASSF1A基因启动子甲基化状态并分析其临床病理意义。结果:骨肉瘤组织中RASSF1A基因异常甲基化率(61.4%)显著高于癌旁正常骨组织中RASSF1A基因的异常甲基化率(20.5%),二者之间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。RASSF1A基因异常甲基化导致组织中RASSF1A基因mRNA和蛋白表达水平均显著降低。另外,RASSF1A基因异常甲基化和肿瘤组织分化程度及全身有无转移情况有相关性(P值分别为0.022和0.016),而与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤位置及大小等临床特征无关(P值分别为0.6944,0.977,0.786和0.831)。结论:RASSF1A基因启动子高甲基化可能是导致其在骨肉瘤中表达水平降低的分子机制之一,有望成为骨肉瘤早期辅助诊断的一个重要分子标志物。     

Expression and Immune Responses to MAGE Antigens Predict Survival in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

The MAGE cancer-testis antigens (CTA) are attractive candidates for immunotherapy. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of expression, humoral immunity and prognostic significance of MAGE CTA in human epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). mRNA or protein expression frequencies were determined for MAGE-A1, -A3, -A4, -A10 and -C1 (CT7) in tissue samples obtained from 400 patients with EOC. The presence of autologous antibodies against the MAGE antigens was determined from 285 serum samples. The relationships between MAGE expression, humoral immunity to MAGE antigens, and clinico-pathologic characteristics were studied. The individual frequencies of expression were as follows: A1: 15% (42/281), A3: 36% (131/390), A4: 47% (186/399), A10: 52% (204/395), C1: 16% (42/267). Strong concordant expression was noted with MAGE-A1:–A4, MAGE-A1:–C1 and MAGE-A4:–A10 (p<0.0005). Expression of MAGE-A1 or -A10 antigens resulted in poor progression free survival (PFS) (OR 1.44, CI 1.01–2.04, p = 0.044 and OR 1.3, CI 1.03–1.64, p = 0.03, respectively); whereas, MAGE-C1 expression was associated with improved PFS (OR 0.62, CI 0.42–0.92, p = 0.016). The improved PFS observed for MAGE-C1 expression, was diminished by co-expression of MAGE-A1 or -A10. Spontaneous humoral immunity to the MAGE antigens was present in 9% (27/285) of patients, and this predicted poor overall survival (log-rank test p = 0.0137). These findings indicate that MAGE-A1, MAGE-A4, MAGE-A3, and MAGE-A10 are priority attractive targets for polyvalent immunotherapy in ovarian cancer patients.     

EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines as vaccines against cancer testis antigen-positive tumors

EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) are potent antigen-presenting cells. To investigate their potential use as cancer testis antigen (CTA) vaccines, we studied the expression of 12 cancer testis (CT) genes in 20 LCL by RT-PCR. The most frequently expressed CT genes were SSX4 (50 %), followed by GAGE (45 %), SSX1 (40 %), MAGE-A3 and SSX2 (25 %), SCP1, HOM-TES-85, MAGE-C1, and MAGE-C2 (15 %). NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-A4 were found in 1/20 LCL and BORIS was not detected at all. Fifteen of 20 LCL expressed at least one antigen, 9 LCL expressed ≥2 CT genes, and 7 of the 20 LCL expressed ≥4 CT genes. The expression of CT genes did not correlate with the length of in vitro culture, telomerase activity, aneuploidy, or proliferation state. While spontaneous expression of CT genes determined by real-time PCR and Western blot was rather weak in most LCL, treatment with DNA methyltransferase 1 inhibitor alone or in combination with histone deacetylase inhibitors increased CTA expression considerably thus enabling LCL to induce CTA-specific T cell responses. The stability of the CT gene expression over prolonged culture periods makes LCL attractive candidates for CT vaccines both in hematological neoplasias and solid tumors.     

MAGE-A3/4 and NY-ESO-1 antigens expression in metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

In the present study we analyzed immunohistochemical expression of MAGE-A 3/4 and NY-ESO-1 in 55 samples of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) and their respective lymph node metastases. To our knowledge this is the first study to assess and compare the expression of these antigens in ESCC lymph node metastases. Fifty (90.9%) primary ESCC were positive for MAGE-A 3/4 and 53 (96.6%) were positive for NY-ESO-1. MAGE-A 3/4 was expressed in all lymph node metastases and the intensity of expression was high in a majority of cases. NY-ESO-1 was negative in 2 (7.1%) lymph nodes metastases, while the reaction was predominantly moderate in the positive group. In primary tumors MAGE-A 3/4 showed a significantly higher intensity of expression compared to NY-ESO-1 (P=0.047), while in lymph node metastases the intensity of expression was not significantly different (P=0.387). Primary tumors with and without lymph node metastases showed no significant differences in MAGE-A 3/4 (P=0.672) and NY-ESO-1 (P=0.444) expression. Intensity of MAGE-A 3/4 (P=0.461) and NY-ESO-1 (P=0.414) expression in primary tumors was not significantly different compared to the expression in their respective lymph nodes metastases. Expression of MAGE-A 3/4 in primary tumors showed significant positive correlation with primary tumor expression of NY-ESO-1 (P=0.021) but no significant correlation with the expression of MAGE-A 3/4 in lymph node metastases (P=0.056). Expression of NY-ESO-1 in primary tumors showed significant positive correlation with the expression of NY-ESO-1 in lymph node metastases (P=0.001) and significant negative correlation with patients’ age (P<0.001). Expression of MAGE-A 3/4 and NY-ESO-1 in primary tumors and lymph node metastases showed no significant correlation with prognostic parameters such as tumor grade and TNM stage (P>0.05). We have shown different levels of MAGE-A 3/4 and NY-ESO-1 expression in almost all specimens of primary tumor and lymph node metastases, suggesting that ESCC may be possible target of immunotherapy and anti-tumor vaccination. High levels of expression in lymph node metastases indicate possible clinical benefit of postoperative vaccine with MAGE-A3 and NY-ESO-1 in advanced stage of disease.     

Prediction of recurrence using exfoliative cytology and melanoma‐associated antigen‐A mRNA analysis following wide excision of oral squamous cell carcinoma: short report

N. Mollaoglu, P. Metzler, J. Zenk, E. Nkenke, F. W. Neukam and J. Ries
Prediction of recurrence using exfoliative cytology and melanoma‐associated antigen‐A mRNA analysis following wide excision of oral squamous cell carcinoma: short report Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the sixth most common cancer. The local recurrence of OSSC might result from the existence of occult cancer cells around tumour margins. Exfoliative cytology has lately gained great importance as a method for obtaining RNA samples from suspicious oral mucosal lesions in order to carry out molecular diagnosis. In addition, melanoma associated‐A antigens (MAGE‐A) are expressed in various tumours and their detection is a highly accurate sign that cancer cells are present. Objective: The prediction of a recurrence using MAGE‐A mRNA expression analysis to follow‐up OSCC cases using a newly established molecular diagnostic technique applied to cytological materials. Methods: RNA was extracted from three recurrent OSCC cases and from 20 healthy volunteers as a control group using a cytobrush. The expression of MAGE‐A3, A4, A6, A10 and A12 was investigated in these specimens using quantitative real‐time (RT‐PCR). Results: There was no expression of MAGE‐A in the specimens of normal oral mucosa. However, the expression analysis of five different MAGE‐A genes indicated a high potential for malignant change in biopsy‐proven recurrent OSCC cases. Except for MAGE‐A10, the rest of the genes were expressed in different ratios by the three recurrent cases, which had been determined on histopathology to be OSCC or carcinoma in situ. Conclusion: It is suggested that analysis of MAGE‐A expression may be used as a risk prediction method in the diagnosis of recurrence after wide excision of OSCC to enhance the accuracy of exfoliative cytology, which has limitations due to false negative and false positive results.     

Identification of five MAGE-A1 epitopes recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes obtained by in vitro stimulation with dendritic cells transduced with MAGE-A1.

MAGE genes are expressed by many human tumors of different histological types but not by normal cells, except for male germline cells. The Ags encoded by MAGE genes and recognized by T cells are therefore strictly tumor-specific. Clinical trials involving therapeutic vaccination of cancer patients with MAGE antigenic peptides or proteins are in progress. To increase the range of patients eligible for therapy with peptides, it is important to identify additional MAGE epitopes recognized by CTL. Candidate peptides known to bind to a given HLA have been used to stimulate T lymphocytes in vitro. In some instances, CTL clones directed against these synthetic peptides have been obtained, but these clones often failed to recognize tumor cells expressing the relevant gene. Therefore, we designed a method to identify CTL epitopes that selects naturally processed peptides. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells infected with a recombinant canarypoxvirus (ALVAC) containing the entire MAGE-A1 gene were used to stimulate CD8+ T lymphocytes from the blood of individuals without cancer. Responder cell microcultures that specifically lysed autologous cells expressing MAGE-A1 were cloned using autologous stimulator cells either transduced with a retrovirus coding for MAGE-A1 or infected with recombinant Yersinia-MAGE-A1 bacteria. The CTL clones were tested for their ability to lyse autologous cells loaded with each of a set of overlapping MAGE-A1 peptides. This strategy led to the identification of five new MAGE-A1 epitopes recognized by CTL clones on HLA-A3, -A28, -B53, -Cw2, and -Cw3 molecules. All of these CTL clones recognized target cells expressing gene MAGE-A1.     

Immunocytochemistry of collagenase expression in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of collagenase immunocytochemistry as well as its immunohistochemistry in assessing the correlation with prognostic factors in transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder. STUDY DESIGN: We investigated the expression of collagenase in catheterized urine and histologic specimens from 38 patients with TCC and 20 cases with benign lesions of the urinary tract. RESULTS: Thirteen (34.2%) and 17 (44.7%) patients with TCC showed positive expression of collagenase on cytologic and histologic specimens, respectively, whereas in no cases with benign lesions was such expression found (P < .01). Invasive and nonpapillary TCC had higher positive rates than noninvasive and papillary TCC. Grade 3 TCC was positive at a higher rate than was grade 2, whereas there were no positive cases with grade 1. Collagenase expression did not correlate significantly with stage. CONCLUSION: Collagenase expression in urinary TCC correlated well with tumor growth pattern, pathologic grade and invasiveness of the carcinoma; all are known to be prognostic factors. The application of collagenase immunostaining to urinary cytology is very useful for assessing prognosis in TCC.