对TMV不同抗性番茄品种叶绿体DNA限制性差异片段的克隆

对ＴＭＶ不同抗性番茄品种ｃｔ－ＤＮＡ经限制性内酶切后,将所获得的差异片段Ｂａｍ６克隆到质粒ｐＢｌｕｅｓｃｒｉｐｔⅡＳＫ中,经筛选、菌落原位杂交、斑点杂交及电泳鉴定,证明重组体为抗性品种Ｂａｍ６差异片段克隆,对探讨番茄ｃｔ－ＤＮＡ与抗ＴＭＶ的关系有重要意义。     

双抗(抗病毒及抗虫)植物表达载体的构建及番茄的转化鉴定

将抗病毒的ＣＭＶ－ｃｐ 基因和抗虫的Ｂｔ－ｔｏｘｉｎ 基因依次插入到植物表达载体ｐＥ３ 的ＨｉｎｄⅢ和ＫｐｎⅠ位点,通过菌落原位杂交筛选和酶切鉴定,然后以土壤农杆菌ＧＶ３１１－ＳＥ介导转化番茄,胭脂碱检测,染色体ＤＮＡ 的点杂交及ＰＣＲ扩增证明ＣＭＶ－ｃｐ 基因和Ｂｔ－ｔｏｘｉｎ 基因已同时导入转化再生的番茄植株。ＲＮＡ 点杂交证明ＣＭＶ－ｃｐ 基因和Ｂｔ－ｔｏｘｉｎ 基因已在转基因番茄植株中同时获得表达。     

双抗（抗病毒及抗虫）植物表达载体的构建及番茄的化鉴定

将抗病毒的ＣＭＶ－ｃｐ基因和抗虫的Ｂｔ－ｔｏｘｉｎ基因依次插入到植物表达载体ＰＥ３的ＨｉｎｄⅢ和ＫｐｎⅠ位点,通过菌落原位杂交筛选和酶切鉴定,然后以土壤农杆菌ＧＶ３１１－ＳＥ介导转化番茄,胭脂碱检测,染色体ＤＮＡ的点杂交及ＰＣＲ扩增证明ＣＭＶ－ｃｐ基因和Ｂｔ－ｔｏｘｉｎ基因已同时导入转化再生的番茄植株。ＲＮＡ点杂交证明ＣＭＶ－ｃｐ基因和Ｂｔ－ｔｏｘｉｎ基因已在转基因番茄植株中同时获得表达。     

烟草花叶病毒（普通株中国分离物）及其弱毒苗—N14（番茄株）组织 …

用双脱氧未端经终止法对侵染性烟草共现毒普通株中国分离物（ＴＭＶ－ｖｉｒｌｇａｒ,Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ ｌｓｏｂｌａｔｅ,ＴＭＶ－Ｃｖ）和番茄株弱毒轩ＴＭＶ－Ｎ１４（Ａｔｔｅｎｕａｔｅｄ ＴＭＶ ｖａｃｃｉｎｅ ｓｔｒａｉｎ）基因组ｃＤＮＡｓ的核苷酸全序列进行了测定,并分析和比较了其基因组的结构和特征。结果表明：普通株基因组（Ｇｅｎｂａｎｋ接收号：ＡＦ１６５１９０）为６３９５个核苷酸：４个功能性开放阅读框     

人IgG Fc基因克隆及人源抗HBsAg全分子抗体在CHO …

利用ｍＲＮＡ提取试直接从健康人外周血白细胞中提取ｍＲＮＡ,逆转寻为 ｃＤＮＡ,合成引物扩增人抗体分子ＩｇＧＩ亚型Ｆｃ基因,克隆到ｐＧＥＭ－Ｔ－Ｖｅｃｔｏｒ中并测序。合成引物扩增人抗体分子轻,重链信号肽序列,分别克隆并测序将轻链信号肽和轻链（ｋａｐｐａ）ＶＬ－ＣＬ基因进行重组形成轻链全分子基因,再将其克隆到哺乳细胞表达载全ｐｃＤＮＡ３．１中。将重链信号肽、重链（ｇａｍｍａ）ＶＨ－ＣＨ１和Ｆｃ基因进行     

核酸酶保护试验在黄瓜花叶病毒株系鉴定中的初步应用

采用黄瓜花叶病毒（ＣＭＶ）亚组Ⅰ株系Ｆｎｙ－ＣＭＶＲＮＡ＿２的１２０９～１６２６核苷酸片段和亚组Ⅱ株系Ｌｓ－ＣＭＶＲＮＡ＿２的２００２～２４３３核苷酸片段的ｃＤＮＡ克隆,体外转录,同时掺入￣（３２）Ｐ获得负链ＲＮＡ探针,与纯化的番茄和甜椒上的ＣＭＶ中国分离物的ＲＮＡ杂交,结果表明：ＣＭＶ番茄和甜椒中国分离物与Ｆｎｙ－ＣＭＶ的核苷酸有高度同源性,隶属于Ｆｎｙ－ＣＭＶ为代表的亚组Ⅰ株系。并利用Ｋ－ＣＭＶ株系（亚组Ⅰ,源于中国）的ＲＮＡ＿２全长ｃＤＮＡ克隆的两个ＥｃｏＲＩ位点间的核苷酸序列（１６５７～２１２５ｎｔ）作探针,与上述两种ＣＭＶ中国分离物的ＲＮＡ杂交,进一步比较分析了这两个分离物和Ｋ－ＣＭＶ株系的关系。讨论了核酸酶保护法在ＣＭＶ株系鉴定中的作用。     

Epstein-Barr病毒膜抗原基因免疫的研究

将Ｅｐｓｔｅｉｎ－Ｂａｒ病毒（ＥＢＶ）膜抗原（ＭＡ）ＢＬＬＦ１基因,插入含有ＣＭＶ启动子的真核表达载体ｐｃＤＮＡ３下游ＢａｍＨＩ位点,构建成真核表达质粒ｐｃＤＮＡ３－ＭＡ。将纯化的ＤＮＡ注射Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠股四头肌。经免疫的动物产生抗ＥＢ病毒ＭＡ特异性的抗体和中和抗体,依赖抗体细胞介导的细胞毒作用（ＡＤＣＣ）,特异性Ｔ淋巴细胞增生性反应及细胞毒性Ｔ淋巴细胞（ＣＴＬ）杀伤作用。基因免疫与基因－蛋白联合免疫效果相似。不同启动子控制下的ＭＡ基因,诱发小鼠免疫应答无明显差异。     

番茄叶片胞外β－半乳糖苷酶的纯化和性质

健康或系统感染ＴＭＶ的番茄叶片胞外都存在高比活可溶性β－半乳糖苷酶。系统感染ＴＭＶ的番茄叶胞外提取液经冰冻干燥浓缩、－２０℃丙酮沉淀、ＣＭ－ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＣ－２５阳离子交换层析、ＤＥＡＥ－ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＡ－２５阴离子交换层析和ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１５０凝胶层析纯化．获得ＰＡＧＥ和ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ均一的β－半乳糖苷酶。该酶的分子量为７４ｋＤ．酶蛋白带能被过碘酸－Ｓｃｈｉｆｆ试剂染成桃红色,属糖蛋白。β－半乳精苷酶无论在健康或系统感染ＴＭＶ的番茄叶中,均为主要的胞外蛋白组分之一。     

黑子南瓜甘油-3-磷酸酰基转移酶基因的克隆及序列分析

依据国外报道的南瓜甘油－３－磷酸转酰酶（ＧＰＡＴ）基因的ｃＤＮＡ序列合成相应引物,用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术,成功地分离了黑子南瓜（Ｃｕｃｕｒｂｉｔａｆｉｃｉｆｏｌｉａ）ＧＰＡＴ基因的ｃＤＮＡ片段,并亚克隆到了ｐＧＥＭ－Ｔ载体系统的多克隆位点上,序列分析表明黑子南瓜ＧＰＡＴ基因的ｃＤＮＡ序列及递推的氨基酸序列与南瓜（Ｃｕｃｕｒｂｉｔａｍｏｓｃｈａｔａ）相比分别具有９８％和９６５％的同源性。在１１８８ｂｐ中有２２个核苷酸发生变化,导致１３个氨基酸的改变     

汉滩病毒S基因及其5‘端真核表达载体的构建及在细胞中的表达

体外研究汉滩病毒（ＨＴＮＶ）Ｓ基因及其５'端表达的意义,为核蛋　白Ｔ细胞表位的研究奠定基础。设计２套引物,用ＰＣＲ方法从ＰＢＶ２２０－Ｓ２２原核质粒中扩增出Ｓ　基因全读码框（３７－１３２６ｂｐ）及Ｓ基因５'端（３７－５０１ｂｐ）,用ＴＡ克隆将其克隆入ｐｃＤＮＡ３．１／Ｖ５－Ｈｉｓ－ＴＯＰＯ载体中,成功构建ｐｃＤＮＡ３．１－Ｓ及ｐｃＤＮＡ３．１－Ｓ－Ｎ真核表达载体,并通过脂质体转　染至Ｖｅｒｏ细胞中,进行了瞬时表达。间接免疫荧光成功检测到ｐｃＤＮＡ３．１－Ｓ及ｐｃＤＮＡ３．１－Ｓ－Ｎ在Ｖｅｒｏ细胞中的表达。ｐｃＤＮＡ３．１－Ｓ及ｐｃＤＮＡ３．１－Ｓ－Ｎ真核表达载体有较高的转染效率,目　的基因能在宿主细胞中表达,有利于研究ＨＴＮＶ－Ｓ基因在Ｔ细胞表位研究中的意义。     

对TMV不同抗性番茄品种的叶绿体DNA限制性内切酶酶谱分析

选用对TMV有抗性和敏感的番茄品种、制备其ct-DNA, 用限制性内切酶BumHI、EcoRI和PstI完全酶解, 三种酶切图谱与前人报道一致, 由酶切片段计算番茄ct-DNA。分子量约为156.9kb。比较抗性和敏感品种的ct-DNA图谱, 发现三种酶切图谱均存在差异, 但由差异片段计算分子量之和又很除近。我们推测这是由于检基顺序变异或小段DNA顺序插入或缺失所造成, 由此证明, 叶绿体基因组与核中的TMV抗性基因, 共同决定着植物体对TMV的抗性。     

The 5'-terminal sequence of TMV RNA. Question on the polymorphism found in vulgare strain

The complete nucleotide sequence of TMV RNA (common strain) reported in [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1982) 79, 5818] its 5'-end to be represented by two variants which differed in length. We have tested that result and sequenced the 5'-terminal regions of two strains of TMV RNA (common strain OM and tomato strain L) using cloned cDNA copies. The results showed that the 5'-terminal region of the TMV genome is not polymorphic and that one of the two variants cited above represents a tomato strain but not the common strain.     

RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activities in Tomato Plants Susceptible or Resistant to Tobacco Mosaic Virus

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activities were measured in healthyand tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-infected tomato plants, to investigatethe possibility that altered activity might be involved in theoperation of the Tm-I gene for resistance to TMV. Healthy, susceptibleand resistant plants had similar levels of enzyme activity.Infection with TMV strain 0, which is inhibited by Tm-I, causeda 2-fold increase in activity in susceptible plants but no increasein Tm-I plants. Infection with a number of strain 1 isolates,which overcome Tm-I resistance, led to a 2 to 4-fold increasein enzyme activity in resistant plants. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, Tm-I resistance gene, tobacco mosaic virus, tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum     

A ribozyme gene and an antisense gene are equally effective in conferring resistance to tobacco mosaic virus on transgenic tobacco

Ribozymes of the hammerhead class can be designed to cleave a target RNA in a sequence-specific manner and can potentially be used to specifically modulate gene activity. We have targeted the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) genome with a ribozyme containing three catalytic hammerhead domains embedded within a 1 kb antisense RNA. The ribozyme was able to cleave TMV RNA at all three target sites in vitro at 25°C. Transgenic tobacco plants were generated which expressed the ribozyme or the corresponding antisense constructs directed at the TMV genome. Six of 38 independent transgenic plant lines expressing the ribozyme and 6 of 39 plant lines expressing the antisense gene showed some level of protection against TMV infection. Homozygous progeny of some lines were highly resistant to TMV; at least 50% of the plants remained asymptomatic even when challenged with high levels of TMV. These plants also displayed resistance to infection with TMV RNA or the related tomato mosaic virus (ToMV). In contrast, hemizygous plants of the same lines displayed only very weak resistance when inoculated with low amounts of TMV and no resistance against high inoculation levels. Resistance in homozygous plants was not overcome by a TMV strain which was altered at the three target sites to abolish ribozyme-mediated cleavage, suggesting that the ribozyme conferred resistance primarily by an antisense mechanism.     

The inhibition of TMV reproduction in tomato leaves inducedCladosporium fulvum Cooke

Taking into consideration simultaneous infection of tomato leaves withCladosporium fulvum Cooke and TMV, the fungus infection inhibits the TMV reproduction. This inhibition occurs in the plant irrespective of the sequence of pathogen inoculation and reaches even 70 per cent. The fungus spores applied to the TMV purificate inhibit the TMV infection, as well.     

Genetically engineered transgenic plants with the domain 1 sequence of tobacco mosaic virus 126 kDa protein gene are completely resistant to viral infection

In many plant RNA viruses, Domains 1, 2 and 3 are conserved in replicase proteins. In order to examine the interference of viral replication by the Domain 1 sequence, we generated transgenic plants transformed with DNA corresponding to the Domain 1 sequence of the TMV 126 kDa protein. This DNA sequence includes the TMV RNA from nucleotides 1 to 2,149, which comprises both the 5'-untranslated and methyl transferase region. The transgenic plants obtained showed complete resistance to TMV infection. The presence of the Domain 1 sequence in the plants completely prevented local necrosis in Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi nc, and any systemic development of symptoms in Nicotiana tabacum Xanthi upon TMV inoculation. Most transgenic plants sustained the conferred resistance even under TMV inoculum concentrations up to as high as 1,000 microg/ml. To detect any accumulation of TMV coat protein or viral RNA in infected transgenic plants, immunochemical tests and Northern blot analyses were carried out. Neither viral RNA or coat protein was detectable in the systemic leaves of the completely resistant transgenic plants, whereas they were accumulated in large quantities in all of the control plants. Because of the conservation of Domain 1 in many plant RNA viruses, the acquisition of resistance to virus infection using the Domain 1 sequence appears to be a very effective strategy for breeding of viral resistant plants.     

Proteomic analysis of tobacco mosaic virus-infected tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum M.) fruits and detection of viral coat protein

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a widespread plant virus from the genus Tobamovirus that affects tobacco and tomato plants causing a pathology characterised by cell breakage and disorganisation in plant leaves and fruits. In this study we undertook a proteomic approach to investigate the molecular and biochemical mechanisms potentially involved in tomato fruit defence against the viral infection. The comparison of 2-D gels from control and TMV-infected but asymptomatic tomato fruits revealed changes in several proteins. The differential expression of peptidases, endoglucanase, chitinase and proteins participating in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in infected fruits suggests that pathogenesis-related proteins and antioxidant enzymes may play a role in the protection against TMV infection. TMV coat protein appeared as a prominent spot in 2-D gels from TMV-infected asymptomatic fruits. A Triton X-114 phase-partitioning step of tomato protein extracts favoured the solubilisation of TMV coat protein and the enrichment of two aminopeptidases not present in control fruits. PMF and MS/MS data of the 2-D gel-isolated TMV coat protein is proposed as a powerful analysis method for the simultaneous tobamovirus detection, species determination and strain differentiation in virus-infected fruit commodities.     

The establishment of a new strain of tobacco mosaic virus resulting from the use of resistant varieties of tomato

Tomato varieties with monogenic resistance (tolerance) to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were used by British growers for the first time in 1966. Samples of TMV collected before 1966, and in 1967 and 1968, were tested for their ability to produce virus symptoms on a series of isogenic tomato differential hosts differing in three factors for TMV resistance. Samples collected before 1966 yielded only strain o of TMV, which was unable to overcome any of the three factors. Strain 1, able to infect the newly-introduced resistant varieties, was found with increased frequency after 1966. It was found less frequently on nurseries which had resumed growing susceptible varieties, suggesting that in these it may be unable to compete successfully with strain o. The dangers of indiscriminate release of varieties protected from disease by only one gene are discussed.     

Detection of Tobacco mosaic virus and Tomato mosaic virus in pepper and tomato by multiplex RT-PCR

Aims: To develop a highly sensitive and rapid protocol for simultaneous detection and differentiation of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) in pepper and tomato. In this study, we use the multiplex PCR technique to detect dual infection of these two viruses. Methods and Results: A multiplex RT–PCR method consisting of one‐tube reaction with two primer pairs targeted to replicase genes was developed to simultaneously detect TMV and ToMV in seed samples of pepper and tomato. Specific primers were designed from conserved regions of each of the virus genomes, and their specificity was confirmed by sequencing PCR products. RT–PCR detected up to 10^?6 dilution of total RNA extracted from infected leaves. Multiplex RT–PCR revealed the presence of both TMV and ToMV in three of 18 seed samples of tomato and one of 18 seed samples of pepper. Conclusions: The multiplex PCR assay was a cost effective, quick diagnostic technique, which was helpful in differentiating TMV and ToMV accurately. Significance and Impact of the Study: The multiplex PCR assay described in this study is a valuable tool for plant pathology and basic research studies. This method may facilitate better recognition and distinction of TMV and ToMV in both pepper and tomato.