中国人白细胞介素-12 cDNA基因的克隆及序列分析与比较

为研究中国人ＩＬ－１２的基因特征,采用逆转录巢式聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ｎＰＣＲ）从中国人脐带血单核细胞中分别克隆了Ｐ３５、Ｐ４０两亚基ｃＤＮＡ基因,包括完整的前体蛋白编码序列,其中Ｐ３５ ｃＤＮＡ编码２１９个氨基酸的多肽,Ｐ４０ ｃＤＮＡ编码３２８个氨基酸的多肽,与国外序列（ＮＫＳＦ、ＣＬＭＦ）比较结果发现：所克隆序列Ｐ３５同ＮＫＳＦ相比,第４４ａａ密友子由ＧＴＣ（Ｖａｌ）→ＧＴＧ（Ｖａｌ）,但未改     

粒细胞—巨噬细胞集落刺激因子／白细胞介素—3融合蛋白的表达研究

利用ＰＣＲ扩增得到粒细胞－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）、白细胞介素－３（ＩＬ－３）完整基因片段,将其分别克隆ｐＧＥＭ－Ｔ构建成ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ／ＩＬ－３融合蛋白基因,ＤＮＡ序列与设计预期一致。将得到的融合蛋白基因克隆对７２ＲＮＡ聚合酶表达载体ｐＴ７ｚｚ,得到表达质粒ｐＦｕ,经转化至表达宿主Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ ＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３）,在ＩＰＴＧ诱导下获得融合蛋白目的产物的直接表达。经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ电泳鉴     

转译优化对EPO基因在COS7细胞中表达的影响

利用ＣＯＳ７细胞暂时表达系统,研究转译起始序列对ＥＰＯ－ｃＤＮＡ表达的影响。通过ＤＮＡ重组技术,构建了原ＥＰＯ－ｃＤＮＡ表达载体ｐＣＳＶ－ＥＰＯ（１）,其转译起始序列为５＇ＡＡＴＴＣＡＴＧＧ３＇。同时通过定点突变技术,将起始序列改变成５＇ＣＣＡＣＣＡＴＧＧ３＇,而构建了另一表达载体ＰＣＳＶ－ＥＰＯ（２）。后经序列分析证明无误后和前均通过ＤＥＡＥ－ｄｅｘｔｒａｎ法转染ＣＯＳ７细胞上清,测定结果为     

鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)生长激素基因克隆及原核表达

采用逆转录—聚合酶链式反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）方法,从鲤鱼脑垂体总ＲＮＡ中扩增出编码鲤鱼生长激素（ＧＨ）成熟肽基因序列．定向克隆至质粒ｐＵＣ１８,克隆的鲤鱼ＧＨｃＤＮＡ不含信号肽序列并以新的起始密码子ＡＴＧ取代鲤鱼ＧＨｃＤＮＡ第１个密码子ＴＣＡ．序列分析表明,与Ｋｏｒｅｎ报道的鲤鱼ＧＨｃＤＮＡ相比有两个碱基差异,但推断的氨基酸序列完全一致．将鲤鱼ＧＨｃＤＮＡ定向克隆至原核表达载体ｐＢＶ２２０,构建成重组鲤鱼ＧＨ基因表达载体ｐＢＶｃＧＨ８．ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和薄层扫描分析表明：经４２℃诱导,ｐＢＶｃＧＨ８在大肠杆菌中可表达一分子量约２２０００的特异蛋白,表达量占细胞总蛋白的２９．２％．该基因重组的鲤鱼ＧＨ添加到饲料中投喂罗非鱼,证实有明显的促进生长作用     

γ射线诱导质粒pGEM-3Zf(-)DNA lacZ基因突变的序列分析

利用质粒ｐＧＥＭ－３Ｚｆ（－）ＤＮＡ上带有的ｌａｃＺ基因,通过Ｘ－ｇａｌ显色平板筛选经＾６０Ｃｏγ辐射诱导形成的突变体。对４个突变体的ｌａｃＺ基因进行序列分析发现,所有突变体无一例外地检测到碱基变化。在被测序的４８９ｂｐ范围内,一个突变体发生的碱基变异达２－７个位点。碱基变异的类型包括颠换（５７％）、转换（１９％）、缺失（１９％）及插入（５％）。在碱基置换中,以Ｃ／Ｇ→Ａ／Ｔ颠换最多（占５０％）。     

酵母豆蔻酰辅酶A：蛋白质N端转酰基酶基因的克隆与表达

利用ＰＣＲ技术,从酵母染色体中扩增得到酵母豆蔻酰－ＣｏＡ：蛋白质Ｎ端转酰基酶（ＹＳＣＮＭＴ）基因,并克隆到ｐＢｌｕｅｓｃｒｉｐｔＫＳ＋载体中。由ＤＮＡ全序测定表明,获得了ＹＳＣＮＭＴ编码基因。进一步构建了Ｔ７Ｐｒｏｍｏｔｅｒ控制下的含上述完整ＹＳＣＮＭＴ编码基因的表达质粒ｐＭＦＴ７－５－ＮＭＴ,转化大肠杆菌ＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３）,进行ＩＰＴＧ诱导表达研究。通过ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析,观察到一与理论分子量一致的诱导条带（约５３ｋＤ）,占全菌蛋白的３９％左右,且可溶性部分约占上清液中全部蛋白的３４％。经一步Ｐ１１磷酸纤维素阳离子交换柱层析,将其纯化到纯度达９７％以上．纯化的表达产物经Ｎ端氨基酸序列分析,所测定的Ｎ端５个氨基酸的序列,与从克隆的ＹＳＣＮＭＴ基因推出的氨基酸序列完全一致（不含Ｎ端Ｍｅｔ）。对所得的ＹＳＣＮＭＴ进行酶活力鉴定,观察到了明显的活力。     

组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（t－PA）cDNA序列的测定

已经从ｍｅｌａｎｏｍａ细胞系中成功地获得了人组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（ｔ－ＰＡ）ｃＤＮＡ,在此基础上用双脱氧终止法测定了ｔ－ＰＡｃＤＮＡ编码区全序列及３′非编码区部分序列,并发现与Ｐｅｎｎｉｃａ等发表的ｔ－ＰＡｃＤＮＡ序列相比,有两处差异,其一是第１７２５位核苷酸残基为Ｃ而非Ａ,并使此处序列与Ｐｅｎｎｉｃａ序列相比新产生一个ＳｔｙＩ切点,但由于差异发生在密码子第三位,没有引起编码的氨基酸变化;其二是第１７７７位核苷酸残基（终止密码子后第４位核苷酸残基）为Ｔ而非Ｇ,使与终止密码子相隔３个核苷酸残基处产生了一个新的ＴＧＡ,与Ｐｅｎｎｉｃａ序列相比此处的ＢｓｔＮＩ切点也消失了。     

用5-Fu治疗MT/p210bcr-abl转基因小鼠的研究

以５－氟脲嘧啶（５－ｆｌｕｏｒｏｕｒａｃｉｌ,５－Ｆｕ）腹腔注射治疗了１２只携有金属硫蛋白（Ｍｅｔａｌｏｔｈｉｏｎｅｉｎ,ＭＴ）启动子和增强子序列、ｂｃｒ－ａｂｌｃＤＮＡ（ｐ２１０）序列及ＳＶ４０剪切和Ｐｏｌｙ（Ａ）信号序列的转基因慢粒白血病（ｃｈｒｏｎｉｃｍｙｅｌｏｉｄｌｅｕｋｅｍｉ－ａ,ＣＭＬ）ＭＴ／ｐ２１０ｂｃｒ－ａｂｌ小鼠,于治疗的第５ｄ及第１０ｄ从不同脏器提取总ＲＮＡ、ＤＮＡ及蛋白质,分别进行ＰＣＲ分析、ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ检测被转移基因的表达水平及免疫沉淀法分析ｐ２１０ｂｃｒ－ａｂｌ转基因产物的激酶活性．结果表明,被转移基因在脾脏和骨髓中表达水平较高,胸腺和肾脏中呈低水平表达．５－Ｆｕ活体治疗１０ｄ后,被转移基因的表达水平及其表达产物的激酶活性均被明显抑制     

戊型肝炎病毒中国XT—179株全基因组Cdna克隆及其核苷酸和氨基酸序列分析

本文报道对中国新疆东部一起戊型肝炎流行高峰期间,由ＨＥ患者烘便中分离到的型肝炎病毒中国ＸＴ－１７９株进行全基因ｃＤＮＡ克隆、核苷酸和氨基酸序列测定及分析结果。所阐明的ＨＥＶ－ＸＴ－１７９株基因组全序列由７１９４个核苷酸和３＇端的多聚腺嘌呤核苷酸尾组成。四种核苷酸的含量腺嘌呤（Ａ）为１７．０％,胞嘧啶（Ｃ）为３１．９％,鸟嘌呤（Ｇ）为２６．０,尿嘧啶（Ｕ）为２５．１％。Ｇ＋Ｃ含量为５７．９％。全基因     

人白细胞介素-17基因的克隆、表达及其表达产物的分离纯化

利用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法成功地从ＰＩ（ＰＭＡ,Ｉｏｎｏｍｙｃｉｎ）、ＰＨＡ活化的人Ｔ细胞中扩增出ｈＩＬ－１７编码区ｃＤＮＡ（４６８ｂｐ）,克隆测序证实得到该基因．用特殊设计的引物扩增ｈＩＬ－１７成熟肽编码区（４１４ｂｐ）,接入表达载体ｐＥＴ３０ａ质粒中．ｐＥＴ３０ａ－ｍｈＩＬ－１７在大肠杆菌ＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３）中获得高效表达,目的蛋白占总菌体蛋白５０％左右．经凝胶过滤和阴离子交换层析两步分离纯化和复性,得到单体型ｒｍｈＩＬ－１７,纯度达９８％以上,Ｎ端１６个氨基酸序列分析,结果与文献报道一致．ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ法测定分子量为１６ｋＤ,薄层丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦分析该蛋白等电点为ｐＨ８．８～８．９,３ＨＴｄＲ参入法测定ｒｍｈＩＬ－１７单体的体外活性,实验结果表明ｒｍｈＩＬ－１７对ＰＨＡ活化人的ＰＢＭＣ细胞具有抑制作用,结果同可溶型ＩＬ－１７Ｒ性质相似     

甘油-3磷酸转酰酶氨基酸与植物抗冷性关系初探

甘油 - 3磷酸转酰酶 (GPAT)与植物抗冷性密切相关。南瓜 (Cucurbitamoschata)与黑子南瓜 (Cucurbitaficifolia)同属不同种 ,亲缘关系较近 ,但却存在显著的抗冷性差异。南瓜及黑子南瓜GPAT基因的克隆 ,可以使我们从二者推导的有限氨基酸的差异中对GPAT氨基酸组成及其与植物抗冷性作一定的探讨。发现在南瓜与黑子南瓜 13个不同的氨基酸残基中有 3个与抗冷性植物拟南芥菜 (Arabidopsisthaliana)、豌豆 (Pisumsativum)、红花 (Carthamustincto rius)和菠菜 (Spinaciaoleracea)等相同 ,可能与黑子南瓜比南瓜更具抗冷性的原因有关。比较南瓜、黑子南瓜、豌豆、红花、拟南芥菜和菠菜等植物中GPAT基因推导的氨基酸序列发现 ,在比较抗冷的拟南芥菜、红花、豌豆和菠菜等植物中 ,虽然它们之间的亲缘关系都比较远 ,但某些位点上的氨基酸残基却完全相同 ,而与南瓜等抗冷性较差的植物不同 ,这些位点的氨基酸残基可能也与GPAT对底物酰基的选择性有关。     

七种不同抗冷性植物甘油-3-磷酸转酰酶mRNA二级结构研究

对南瓜、豌豆、黄瓜、拟南芥菜、红花、菠菜、黑子南瓜等7种不同抗冷性植物甘油－3－磷酸酰基转移酶的mRNA序列作了三核苷酸碱基模式分析,并用Zuker方法对其mRNA序列的翻译区进行了二级结构分析,统计出发夹、内环、膨胀环、三分支环、四分支环等二级结构的基本结构单元数,通过对编码脯氨酸的密码子在mRNA二级结构中的分布位置的研究,发现这些密码子主要是分布在茎的末端、环的根部、膨胀环或分支环上,占到了序列中所有编码脯氨酸的密码子总数的69％到97％的比例,这与我们在研究其他物种的mRNA二级结构时的发现是一致的。     

Protein inhibitors of trypsin from the seeds of Cucurbitaceae plants

Seven trypsin inhibitors were isolated from the seeds of Cucurbitaceae plants: two from cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and red bryony (Bryonia diotica) and one from figleaf gourd (Cucurbita ficifolia), spaghetti squash (Cucurbita pepo var. (vegetable spaghetti) and water melon (Citrullus vulgaris). The inhibitors were purified by fractionation with ammonium sulphate, followed by ion-exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography using immobilized trypsin or anhydro-trypsin. The homogeneous inhibitors from cucumber and water melon are made up of 32 and 30 amino acid residues, respectively, whereas the remaining ones of 29 residues. All inhibitors contain three disulphide bridges and are free of threonine, phenylalanine and tryptophan. Inhibitors from spaghetti squash and CSTI IIb from cucumber are inactivated by acetylation of free amino groups whereas the remaining ones are inactivated by modification of arginine with 1,2-cyclohexanedione. Thus the P1 residues of the reactive sites of the inhibitors are lysine and arginine, respectively.     

长柔毛野豌豆编码甘油-3-磷酸酰基转移酶基因的克隆及序列分析

甘油－3－磷酸酰基转移酶（GPAT）基因与植物抗冷性密切相关。克隆到的长柔毛野豌豆（Vicia villosa)GPAT基因的编码区完整的cDNA片段长1377bp,编码458个氨基酸残基,与蚕豆（Vicia faba)和豌豆（Pissum sativum)比较,其核苷酸序列的同源性分别为94．1％和93．3％,氨基酸序列的同源性分别为96．9％和98．0％。     

Cloning and nucleotide sequence of cDNA for the plastid glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase from squash

The partial amino acid sequence and amino acid composition of acyl-(acyl-carrier-protein):glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase purified from squash cotyledons were determined. cDNAs encoding this enzyme were isolated from lambda gt 11 cDNA libraries made from poly(A)+ RNA of squash cotyledons by immunological selection and cross-hybridization. One of the resultant clones contained a cDNA insert of 1426 base pairs and an open reading frame of 1188 base pairs. The amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence matched the partial amino acid sequence determined for the enzyme. The results suggest that a precursor protein of 396 amino acid residues is processed to the mature enzyme of 368 amino acid residues, losing a leader peptide of 28 amino acid residues. Relative molecular masses of the precursor and mature proteins were calculated to be 43,838 and 40,929 Da, respectively.     

A second gene for acyl-(acyl-carrier-protein): glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase in squash, Cucurbita moschata cv. Shirogikuza(*), codes for an oleate-selective isozyme: molecular cloning and protein purification studies

A new isogene for acyl-(acyl-carrier-protein):glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT; EC 2.3.1.15) in squash has been cloned and the gene product was identified as oleate-selective GPAT. Using PCR primers that could hybridise with exons for a previously cloned squash GPAT, we obtained two PCR products of different size: one coded for a previously cloned squash GPAT corresponding to non-selective isoforms AT2 and AT3, and the other for a new isozyme, probably the oleate-selective isoform AT1. Full-length amino acid sequences of respective isozymes were deduced from the nucleotide sequences of genomic genes and cDNAs, which were cloned by a series of PCR-based methods. Thus, we designated the new gene CmATS1;1 and the other one CmATS1;2. Genome blot analysis revealed that the squash genome contained the two isogenes at non-allelic loci. AT1-active fractions were partially purified, and three polypeptide bands were identified as being AT1 polypeptides, which exhibited relative molecular masses of 39.5-40.5 kDa, pI values of 6.75-7.15, and oleate selectivity over palmitate. Partial amino-terminal sequences obtained from two of these bands verified that the new isogene codes for AT1 polypeptides.     

Nucleotide and amino acid sequence of a Cucurbita phytochrome cDNA clone: identification of conserved features by comparison with Avena phytochrome

The amino acid (aa) sequence of Cucurbita phytochrome has been deduced from the nucleotide (nt) sequence of a cDNA clone which was initially identified by hybridization to an Avena phytochrome cDNA clone. Cucurbita, a dicot, and Avena, a monocot, represent evolutionarily divergent groups of plants. The Cucurbita phytochrome polypeptide is 1123 aa in length, corresponding to 125 kDa. Overall, the Cucurbita and Avena phytochrome sequences are 65% homologous at both the nt and aa levels but this sequence conservation is not evenly distributed. Most of the N-terminal two-thirds of the aligned polypeptide chains exhibits localized regions of high conservation, while the extreme N terminus and the C-terminal one-third are less homologous. Comparison of the predicted hydropathic properties of these polypeptides also indicates conservation of domains of phytochrome structure. The possible correlation of these conserved structural features with previously identified functional domains of phytochrome is discussed.     

Temperature effects on the reactive oxygen species formation and antioxidant defence in roots of two cucurbit species with contrasting root zone temperature optima

Suboptimal root zone temperature (14°C) was imposed on chilling-sensitive cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and chilling-tolerant figleaf gourd (Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché) plants. Exposure of roots to low temperature for up to 10 days caused a strong growth inhibition in cucumber compared with figleaf gourd. Physiological analysis showed that generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion was significantly induced in cucumber plants as fast as 1 day after low root zone temperature treatment. In addition to the significant induction of antioxidant superoxide dismutase activity, low root zone temperature also increased the mitochondrial electron transport allocated to alternative pathway while decreased cytochrome pathway salicylhydroxamic acid-resistant respiration. However, these defense responses could not compensate for the ROS production, resulting in membrane lipid peroxidation and loss of root cell viability in the low root zone temperature treated cucumber roots. In contrast, 14°C root zone temperature had no significant effects on figleaf gourd plant growth, antioxidant enzymes, ROS levels and alternative respiratory pathway. Hence, difference in ROS metabolism would be associated with the remarkable difference in adaptability of cucumber and figleaf gourd plants in response to suboptimal root zone temperature condition.     

Molecular Cloning and Sequence of a Complementary DNA Encoding 1-Aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylate Synthase Induced by Tissue Wounding

1-Aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylate (ACC) synthase [EC 4.4.1.14 [EC] ]is the key enzyme regulating ethylene biosynthesis in higherplants. A complementary DNA encoding wound-induced ACC synthasefrom mesocarp of winter squash (Cucurbita maxima Duch.) fruitswas cloned, and its complete nucleotide sequence determined.The cloned cDNA contained an open reading frame of 1479 basepairs encoding a sequence of 493 amino acids. Identificationof the cDNA was accomplished by expression of active enzymein Escherichia coli harboring the cDNA and by the presence ofa partial amino acid sequence identical to that found in thepurified enzyme. A putative pyridoxal phosphate binding siteof the enzyme is suggested. Northern blot analysis showed thatthe ACC synthase gene was activated by tissue wounding, andits expression was repressed by ethylene. Genomic Southern analysisindicates the presence of at least another sequence which weaklyhybridizes with the cDNA. (Received June 26, 1990; Accepted August 7, 1990)     

Gating of aquaporins by low temperature in roots of chilling-sensitive cucumber and chilling-tolerant figleaf gourd

Effects of low temperature (8 degrees C) on the hydraulic conductivity of young roots of a chilling-sensitive (cucumber, Cucumis sativus L.) and a chilling-resistant (figleaf gourd, Cucurbita ficifolia Bouche) crop have been measured at the levels of whole root systems (root hydraulic conductivity, Lp(r)) and of individual cortical cells (cell hydraulic conductivity, Lp). Exposure of roots to low temperature (LRT) for up to 6 d caused a stronger suberization of the endodermis in cucumber compared with figleaf gourd, but no development of exodermal Casparian bands in either species. Changes in anatomy after 6 d of LRT treatment corresponded with a reduction in hydrostatic root Lp(r) of cucumber roots by a factor of 24, and by a factor of 2 in figleaf gourd. In figleaf gourd, there was a reduction only in hydrostatic Lp(r) but not in osmotic Lp(r) suggesting that the activity of water channels was not much affected by LRT treatment in this species. Changes in cell Lp in response to chilling and recovery were similar to the root levels, although they were more intense at the root level. Activation energies (E(a)) and Q10 of water flow as measured at the cell level were high in cucumber (E(a)=109+/-13 kJ mol(-1); Q(10)=4.8+/-0.7; n=6-10 cells), but small in figleaf gourd (E(a)=11+/-2 kJ mol(-1); Q10=1.2+/-0.1; n=6-10 cells). Roots of figleaf gourd recovered better from LRT treatment than those of cucumber. In figleaf gourd, recovery (at both the root and cell level) often resulted in Lp and Lp(r) values which were even bigger than the original, i.e. there was an overshoot in hydraulic conductivity. These effects were larger for osmotic (representing the cell-to-cell passage of water) than for hydrostatic Lp(r). After a short-term (1 d) exposure to 8 degrees C followed by 1 d at 20 degrees C, hydrostatic Lp(r) of cucumber nearly recovered and that of figleaf gourd still remained higher due to the overshoot. By contrast, osmotic Lp(r) and cell Lp in both species remained high by a factor of 3 compared with the control, possibly due to an increased activity of water channels. After preconditioning of roots at LRT, increased hydraulic conductivity was completely inhibited by HgCl2 at both the root and cell levels. Different from figleaf gourd, recovery from chilling was not complete in cucumber after longer exposure to LRT. It is concluded that at LRT, both changes in the activity of aquaporins (AQPs) and alterations of root anatomy determine the water uptake in both species. The high temperature dependence of cell Lp in cucumber suggests conformational changes of AQPs during LRT treatment which result in channel closure and in a strong gating of AQP activity by low temperature. This mechanism is thought to be different from that in figleaf gourd where AQPs reacted in the conventional way, i.e. low temperature affected the mobility of water molecules in AQPs rather than their open/closed state, and Q(10) was low.