音乐治疗效应的动物实验研究

近年来国内外关于音乐治疗效应的动物实验研究认为：音乐能影响动物的情绪;音乐还对动物的免疫功能、学习及记忆能力、以及动物的神经系统结构和功能等均有一定影响。该领域的研究有利于深入探索音乐疗法的作用机理。     

Studies on the effects of certain salts on germination,on growth of root,and on metabolism

Summary The effects of different concentrations of KCl, K₂SO₄, MgCl₂ and MgSO₄ on the growth in length of the first seminal root of wheat, and on the change in fresh and oven-dry weight of the seedling and its component parts have been studied. The effect of mannitol was also investigated for comparison and to study the osmotic action. The effect of salts on root growth was dependent on salt species; all effects were specific to ions and not due to osmotic activity of solution. The growth of wheat roots was suppressed by concentrations of salts much lower than those required to suppress germination. All solutions of KCl from 0.1 to 50 me/l checked the growth of the root; the retardation increased with increase of concentration. In K₂SO₄ there was a slight activation of root growth for one day in 0.1 and 0.5 me/l; then the growth was suppressed after that. In all other concentrations from 1 to 50 me/l the growth was retarded. In MgCl₂ or MgSO₄ there was some activation of root elongation in 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 me/l; but higher concentrations retarded root growth.     

壳聚糖固定化木瓜蛋白酶的研究

以自制的壳聚糖作为载体,用戊二醛作交联剂,优化了固定化条件,研制成壳聚糖固定化木瓜蛋白酶。其活性回收率达到42—53％,操作半衰期达到一个月以上,对热、乙醇以及尿素的稳定性有很大的提高,Km值为0.67×10~2mg/mL,最适温度65—70℃,最适pH8.0,能使啤酒中的蛋白质浓度从56.5mg/L减少到2.7mg/L,可以消除啤酒的低温混浊现象。     

Effects of light on size-selectivity of kokanee feeding on Daphnia

Planktivory by fingerling kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka feeding on Daphnia became more size-selective with increased illumination (0·1 v . 15 lux). The average difference in length of Daphnia ( D. pulex and D. galeata ) in trial arenas before and after kokanee feeding was 0·107 mm ( P  = 0·0007) at 0·1 lux and 0·371 mm ( P  < 0·0001) at 15 lux.     

论心理对生理的影响和作用

本文阐述了心理对生理的能动作用。在一定的条件下,人的心理可影响其生理功能,两者互为因果、相互影响。生理是心理活动的物质基础,心理是其生理的驱动力和标志。本文论述了精神、情绪、意念、信念、暗示等心理活动对生理的影响和作用及中医论心理对生理的作用,中医利用情志疗法的理论达到心理对生理趋向健康的作用。同时论证了肠道菌群通过心理间接影响生理功能,通过微生态制剂调节肠道菌群的微生态平衡,可改善患者的神经症状,使之心理活动达到最佳状态,进而使人的生理趋向健康。     

Studies on micronuclei time response and on the effects of multiple treatments of mutagens on induction of micronuclei

Micronuclei time response and the effects of multiple treatments of mutagens on induction of micronuclei were studied. In the time-response investigation, mice were treated once with each of 5 mutagens, then killed at various times. The bone marrow was examined for the presence of micronucleated erythrocytes (MNEs). The maximal frequencies for MNEs occurred around 30 h post treatment for all mutagens tested. To examine the effects of multiple treatments, the frequencies of MNEs observed after a single- or a 5-treatment schedule were compared for 9 mutagens. Both treatment schedules were equally sensitive in detecting alkylating agents and spindle poisons, whereas the 5-treatment schedule was more sensitive for anti-metabolites. The 5-treatment schedule was particularly effective for detecting the anti-metabolites 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate, which require longer than 30 h to induce micronuclei (Maier and Schmid, 1976). These results suggest that it is practicable to sample at 30 h in the single-treatment schedule, and seem to support the usefulness of the 5-treatment schedule in screening tests.     

Studies on adsorption of amyloglucosidase on ion-exchange resins

Highly charged water-soluble conjugates of amyloglucosidase with a copolymer of ethylene-maleic acid or styrene-maleic acid were prepared and adsorbed on DEAE-cellulose and other cationic resins. Negatively charged enzyme conjugates were also obtained by means of succinylation. The polyanionic conjugates of amyloglucosidase adsorbed on the cationic carriers show higher temperature stability than the native enzyme adsorbed on the same carriers under the same experimental conditions. The insoluble enzyme conjugate-carrier complexes could be reused and retained their full activity while working continuously for three weeks. The application of the insoluble enzyme preparations with the above characteristics which could possibly satisfy the requirements for industry are discussed.     

Studies on the immobilization of trypsin on sand

Trypsin was immobilized on sand using five different methods. Attempts were made to attach amino-functional groups onto sand using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, hexamethylenetetramine, hexamethylenediamine, and melamine. Glutaraldehyde was used as a bifunctional agent in all the methods. Methods for the estimation of the proteolytic 1activity and protein content of immobilized trypsin were standardized. The maximum retained activity was observed for trypsin immobilized on sand via 3-aminopropytriethoxysilane and glutaraldehyde. Immobilized trypsin showed a shift in the pH optimum toward the acidic side over that of soluble trypsin in all five cases. The optimum temperature for both native and immobilized trypsin prepared by the silane-glutaraldehyde method was found to be 45°C. However, the pH and thermal stabilities of immobilized trypsin were observed to be better than that of the native enzyme.     

微波处理对人参皂苷生物转化影响的研究

利用微波技术分别对人参皂苷粗品及人参皂苷转化发酵液进行处理,探讨微波处理对人参皂苷生物转化效果的影响。实验结果通过高效液相色谱分析显示,经微波处理后,人参皂苷峰几乎消失,苷元峰突出,表明微波处理对人参皂苷的转化效果显著。并确定微波的最佳处理条件为微波功率30W,辐射60s。     

Studies on adsorption of dyes on beta-cyclodextrin polymer

Beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) polymers are used for the removal of various dyes from aqueous solutions. Three insoluble polymers with different degrees of beta-CD were used. Results of adsorption experiments showed that these polymers exhibited high sorption capacities toward dyes. The mechanism of adsorption was both physical adsorption and hydrogen bonding due to the polymer and the formation of an inclusion complex due to the beta-CD molecules through host-guest interactions.     

蚕丝固定化脂肪酶的研究

研究了蚕丝固定化脂肪酶的工艺条件,并考察了固定化脂肪酶的稳定性。试验结果表明：蚕丝与对-β-硫酸酯乙砜基苯胺(SESA)进行反应的最适条件是PH=10．8,SESA：2．0g／g蚕丝,反应生成的对氨基苯磺酰乙基蚕丝(ABSE-蚕丝)经重氮化后与脂肪酶偶联的最适条件是：pH=7．5,偶联时间>10h。加酶量为168～308u／g蚕丝时,所得固定化脂肪酶活力为106～160u√g蚕丝．此时固定化冀的活力回收率较高(>52％)。固定化脂肪酶稳定性较高．其操作半衰期约为250h。     

甲醇对酵母过氧化氢酶活性的影响机理研究

将酵母过氧化氢酶加入一定比例的甲醇,测定其活性变化。结果表明:在含2%甲醇时酶活比对照提高4026%。将粗酶液用70%饱和度的硫酸铵盐析后离心所得的上清液再加入硫酸铵至80%饱和度,离心的沉淀溶解在缓冲液中,上SephadexG75柱,分离出的有酶活性的蛋白峰经电泳得一条蛋白带,说明过氧化氢酶已经被提纯到电泳纯。光谱分析发现,甲醇处理后过氧化氢酶纯酶的吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱与未经处理的比较基本不变,而差示光谱出现明显的正峰和负峰。由动力学分析可知,在甲醇中,过氧化氢酶的Vmax和Km值均有不同程度提高 。     

基于Web of Science的国际应用生态学研究进展

应用生态学是自然资源管理和生态环境保护最重要的科学技术工具之一.在当前自然资源短缺、环境污染严重、生态系统退化的严峻形势下,对国际应用生态学的理论基础、研究方法、研究热点进行分析,对夯实我国应用生态学的知识基础、指明研究方向、确定战略定位具有重要意义.本文基于文献计量学原理,借助CiteSpace、Carrot²等信息可视化软件,以Web of Science中1980—2018年国际应用生态学研究领域基于不同检索策略的两个文献数据集合为研究对象,从研究载体、研究力量及研究内容3个维度进行文献时空分布、核心研究力量、研究热点演进以及研究前沿及趋势分析,旨在揭示其学科发展轨迹、研究现状与发展趋势,以期为未来我国的应用生态学研究提供参考.     

Effect of sunlight on the survival of Salmonella on surfaces

AIMS: To investigate the effect of simulated full-spectrum tropical sunlight on the survival of Salmonella in droplets on surfaces. MATERIALS AND RESULTS: The survival on surfaces of three Zambian strains of Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis and Heidelberg was compared with that of a strain of S. enterica serovar Enteritidis phage type (PT) 4 with known characteristics which had been isolated from poultry in the UK. Samples were taken from surfaces every hour for 3 h and after 24 h exposure in either dark or 12 h light/12 h dark cycle conditions. Differences were analysed for significance using a one-way analysis of variance (anova). Results show that there were a significantly higher number of cells surviving on surfaces after 24 h in the dark when compared with populations exposed to a 12 h light/12 h dark cycle. Significantly more cells also survived exposure to sunlight under dirty than clean conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to sunlight results in a significant decrease in numbers of Salmonella on surfaces. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Under field conditions exposure of contaminated surfaces to sunlight could be used in place of chemical methods of control as a cheaper way to reduce Salmonella contamination of surfaces.     

Observations on the distribution of rhizoids on shoots of pleurocarpous mosses

Abstract

Rhizoids emerge from only the ventral surface of creeping shoots of most pleurocarpous mosses. This has been shown to be endogenously controlled by the shoots and not due to any external stimulus.     

The Influence of Temperature on Meloidogyne incognita on Soybean

The effects of temperature and initial inoculum density of Meloidogyne incognita on soybean growth and nematode reproduction were investigated in greenhouse temperature tanks and in controlled-growth chambers. The interactions of initial inoculum density (P_i) and soil temperature in effects on shoot growth were adequately described by multiple-regression models. At the highest temperatures (30 or 32/28 C), moderate to high inoculum killed many plants. A P_i of 27,000 eggs/15-cm-diam pot retarded shoot growth at 26 C. Only the greatest P_i (81,000 eggs/15-cm pot) suppressed shoot growth at 18, 22, or 20/16 C. Inoculation with 3,000 or 9,000 eggs/plant resulted in heavier root systems at all temperatures except 30 C. At that temperature, 9,000 eggs suppressed root growth. At 18 and 26 C, a Pi of 81,000 eggs was required to retard root growth. Nematode reproduction was related directly to temperature and P_i except at a density of 81,000 eggs/15-cm pot.     

基于Meta分析研究芪明颗粒治疗糖尿病视网膜病变效果

用Meta分析方法比较中药复方芪明颗粒与羟苯磺酸钙两种药物治疗糖尿病视网膜病变的临床疗效和安全性。本研究利用中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据库、维普网、PubMed及Embase数据库检索芪明颗粒与羟苯磺酸钙治疗糖尿病视网膜病变的相关文献,检索时限均为建库至2016年5月31日,同时查阅该文献的参考文献。制定检索策略以及纳入和排除文献的标准,根据标准确定最终纳入的随机对照试验(RCT)文献。采用RevMan 5.2进行Meta分析,用固定效应模型进行数据合并。研究结果表明,共纳入文献8篇,均为RCT,涉及患者1 261名。纳入的研究方法学质量评价结果部分偏低。Meta分析结果显示:总有效率8项研究的同质性结果为卡方Ch^i2=5.98,自由度是7 (p=0.54),8项研究统计量均为二分类变量,故采取Z检验;M-H=1.96,95%可信区间为(1.52, 2.54),合并效应检验Z=5.13,p<0.001,表明芪明颗粒治疗组的总有效率大于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义。不良反应发生率分析4项研究的同质性结果为卡方Ch^i2=0.41,自由度是3 (p=0.94),同属二分类变量,采取Z检验,M-H=0.15,95%可信区间为(0.05, 0.39),合并效应检验Z=3.82,p<0.001,表明芪明颗粒治疗组的不良反应发生率小于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义。Meta分析初步表明,芪明颗粒治疗糖尿病视网膜病变疗效显著,安全性好。因不良反应原始研究的质量偏低,样本量小,尚需更多高质量、大样本的随机对照试验进一步观察研究。