犬瘟热病毒临床流行野毒株F蛋白信号肽区分析

根据GenBank上发表的犬瘟热病毒(CDV)融合蛋白基因(F)序列, 设计引物扩增F蛋白部分信号肽区, 片段长369 bp。对2005年~2007年收集的犬瘟热阳性的水貂、狐、貉实质脏器、血液、尿液等样品进行扩增, 获得了13个CDV F蛋白部分信号肽区基因片段。序列分析发现, CDV野毒F蛋白该区段核苷酸与氨基酸序列与目前我国使用疫苗株CDV3及其他国内外疫苗株比较存在较大差异, 与CDV3对应区段的核苷酸同源性在80.7%~83.2%之间, 而推导的对应氨基酸序列同源性只有64.8%~71.3%。部分信号肽区的氨基酸疏水性分析, 推测其调控功能也发生变化, 本研究为CDV遗传变异和分子流行病学提供理论数据。     

感染CDV的犬病料N、H、F基因的克隆与序列分析

目的了解病料中犬瘟热病毒（CDV）的变异情况,为犬瘟热的预防与治疗提供理论依据。方法采用RT-PCR方法对犬病料中CDV的血凝素蛋白（H）、融合蛋白（F）和核衣壳蛋白（N）基因进行扩增,将扩增产物克隆到pGEM-T-easy载体中测序,并进行序列分析。结果测定一株CDV的H、F和N基因大小分别为1863 bp、1653 bp和2235 bp。同源性分析表明,未发现碱基的插入和缺失。该病毒的H、F和N基因分别与国内强毒株BJ080127株的H基因、GN株的F基因和HL株的N基因亲缘关系最近,氨基酸同源性分别为97.3%、97.7%和99.3%。与国外标准野毒株A75-17在核苷酸水平上同源性依次为94.4%、93.8%和97.2%,与疫苗株CDV3在核苷酸水平上同源性分别为88.5%、88.8%和93.9%。系统进化树表明该病毒与国内强毒株在同一谱系。糖基化分析显示,该病毒在F基因3～5位氨基酸处多出1个糖基化位点。结论本研究从犬病料中成功克隆了犬瘟热病毒血凝素蛋白、融合蛋白和核衣壳蛋白,在F基因中新增了一个糖基化位点,为犬瘟热的遗传变异和流行学研究提供了分子生物学依据。     

狐源犬瘟热病毒H基因和F基因的克隆与序列分析

根据GenBank发表的犬瘟热病毒(CDV)核酸序列[CDV5804(AY386315)、CDV01-2689(AY649446)、CDV A75-17(AF164967)、CDV 00-2601(AY443350)、CDV 98-2645(AY445077)、CDV 98-2654(AY466011)和CDV Onderstepoort (AF378705)],分别设计合成扩增CDV H基因和F基因的引物.采用RT-PCR技术扩增狐源CDV泰安株(CDV-FOX-TA)H基因和F基因,分别将H基因与F基因克隆进这pMD18-T载体,进行序列分析.结果表明,CDV-FOX-TA株H基因有1个ORF,全长1 842bp,编码607个氨基酸,与CDV Onderstpoort、CDV Convac的同源性分别为89.2%和90.6%,与CDV LP的同源性为98.7%.CDV-FOX-TA F基因有1个ORF,全长1 889bp,编码662个氨基酸,CDV F蛋白信号肽区域易发生突变,但F0蛋白裂解点(RRQRR)、13个半胱氨酸残基、4个潜在的天冬氨酰糖基化位点和2个疏水区都高度保守.CDV H基因和F基因系统发生分析表明,CDV-FOX-TA与CDV A75-17和CDV LP亲源关系较为密切.     

大熊猫犬瘟热病毒附着或血凝蛋白基因的序列分析

首次对犬瘟热病毒(CDV)大熊猫(GP)毒株附着或血凝蛋白(H)基因进行了序列测定并与疫苗株Onderstepoort进行了比较.我们设计合成了4对引物,对GP株进行了RT-PCR扩增与测序.H蛋白基因全长为1 946 bp,开放阅读框架(ORF)始于21-23位的ATG,终止于1 842-1 844位的TGA,编码607个氨基酸,该基因序列已被GenBank收录.将GP毒株与GenBank中疫苗弱毒株Onderstepoort进行比较,二者核苷酸序列的同源性为91.4%,推导的氨基酸序列的同源性为90.2%,GP和Onderstepoort株H蛋白的半胱氨酸残基数目均为12个且相对位置不变;疏水性有一定的变化,但推测的穿膜区位置(约35-55位氨基酸)是一致的;Onderstepoort株的H蛋白潜在的N-联糖基化位点为4个,GP株H蛋白为9个,糖基化位点的不同可能对GP株H蛋白的抗原性产生影响.     

狐源犬瘟热病毒核衣壳蛋白基因的克隆与序列分析

根据GenBank上发表的犬瘟热病毒(CDV)N基因核酸序列, 设计一对CDV N基因特异性引物, 采用RT-PCR扩增狐源CDV泰安分离株(CDV-FOX-TA)的N基因, 将PCR产物克隆入pMD18-T载体, 进行测序分析。结果表明, CDV-FOX-TA N基因含有1个ORF, 全长1572 bp, 共编码523个氨基酸。CDV-FOX-TA N基因与CDV疫苗株Onderstepoort、Convac的N基因的同源性分别为96.0%和95.9%, 与CDV野毒株N基因的同源性在98.4%~98.9%之间。CDV-FOX-TA N蛋白含有Tyr -Pro-Ala-Leu-Gly-Leu-His-Glu-Phe九肽序列, 是T细胞表位, 可致敏靶细胞, 在CDV N蛋白中高度保守。对CDV N基因进行系统发生分析, 结果发现CDV-FOX-TA与CDV强毒株的亲缘关系较为密切。     

狐源犬瘟热病毒核衣壳蛋白基因的克隆与序列分析

根据GenBank上发表的犬瘟热病毒(CDV)N基因核酸序列,设计一对CDVN基因特异性引物,采用RT-PCR扩增狐源CDV泰安分离株(CDV-FOX-TA)的N基因,将PCR产物克隆入pMD18-T载体,进行测序分析.结果表明,CDV-FOX-TA N基因含有1个ORF,全长1572 bp,共编码523个氨基酸.CDV-FOX-TAN基因与CDV疫苗株Onderstepoort、Convac的N基因的同源性分别为96.0%和95.9%,与CDV野毒株N基因的同源性在98.4%～98.9%之间.CDV-FOX-TA N蛋白含有Tyr-Pro-Ala-Leu-Gly-Leu-His-Glu-Phe九肽序列,是T细胞表位,可致敏靶细胞,在CDVN蛋白中高度保守.对CDV N基因进行系统发生分析,结果发现CDV-FOX-TA与CDV强毒株的亲缘关系较为密切.     

中国西藏小反刍兽疫病毒野生株China/Tib/Gej/07-30基质蛋白基因和融合蛋白基因的分子特征分析

对我国西藏小反刍兽疫病毒野生株China/Tib/Gej/07-30进行基质蛋白(M)和融合蛋白(F)基因序列测定,并进行分子生物学特征分析。首先应用逆转录聚合酶链式反应扩增出M和F基因片段,对聚合酶链式反应产物进行直接测序,然后对测定的核苷酸和推测的氨基酸序列进行比较分析。China/Tib/Gej/07-30的M基因由1483个核苷酸组成,编码335个氨基酸,与其他分离株核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别为92.4%～97.7%和97.0%～98.2%。F基因由2411个核苷酸组成,编码546个氨基酸,与其他分离株核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别为85.5%～96.1%和94.3%～98.2%。China/Tib/Gej/07-30的F蛋白含有信号肽序列和跨膜结构域,序列高度变异。F蛋白第104～108位和第109～133位氨基酸位点分别是高度保守的裂解位点和融合肽结构域。F蛋白还含有序列高度保守的三个七肽重复区。China/Tib/Gej/07-30的M基因3′端的非编码区(UTR)长度为443个核苷酸,GC含量高达68.4%,与其他PPRV毒株的同源性为82.4%～93.5%。China/Tib/Gej/07-30的F基因5′UTR区长度为634个核苷酸,GC含量高达70.0%,与其他PPRV毒株序列相似性为76.2%～91.7%。     

禽Ⅰ型副粘病毒f基因克隆及序列分析

用RT-PCR一步法对云南省不同禽类(鸡、鸽子)3株禽I型副粘病毒F基因进行扩增和克隆,并对其f基因片段核苷酸序列进行分析,结果表明,云南省禽I型副粘病毒各毒株同源性为88.1%～94.9%,与疫苗株LaSota和强毒株F48E9的同源性为85.6%.所分离两株新城疫病毒在F蛋白裂解位点区(112～117aa)的氨基酸序列与强毒株在这一区域的序列完全相同,表明为强毒株.鸽I型副粘病毒F蛋白裂解位点区的氨基酸序列与PPMV ZQ98-1株在这一区域的序列完全相同,揭示为中强毒株.以1 662bp核苷酸绘制系统发育树,表明云南地方新城疫病毒属于基因Ⅶ型,鸽I型副粘病毒属于基因Ⅵ型.     

犬瘟热病毒TN株血凝基因的克隆与序列分析

用RT PCR方法对分离的TN野毒株H基因进行了扩增 ,并将其克隆到pGEM T载体上 ,进行核苷酸序列测定。结果TN野毒株H基因ORF全长 1 ,81 5bp ,编码 60 4个氨基酸。与GenBank中己报道的 7个CDV毒株相比 ,H基因核苷酸序列的同源性在 92 %～ 99%之间 ,推导的H蛋白氨基酸序列的同源性在 91 %～ 99%之间。TN株H蛋白潜在的N 联糖基化位点为 8个 ,而Onderstepoort弱毒株H蛋白为 4个 ;其中N端第 1 9～ 2 1、 30 9～ 31 1、 5 8     

禽I型副粘病毒f基因克隆及序列分析

用RT-PCR一步法对云南省不同禽类(鸡、鸽子)3株禽I型副粘病毒F基因进行扩增和克隆,并对其f基因片段核苷酸序列进行分析,结果表明,云南省禽I型副粘病毒各毒株同源性为88.1%～94.9%,与疫苗株LaSota和强毒株F48E9的同源性为85.6%。所分离两株新城疫病毒在F蛋白裂解位点区(112～117aa)的氨基酸序列与强毒株在这一区域的序列完全相同,表明为强毒株。鸽I型副粘病毒F蛋白裂解位点区的氨基酸序列与PPMV ZQ98-1株在这一区域的序列完全相同,揭示为中强毒株。以1 662bp核苷酸绘制系统发育树,表明云南地方新城疫病毒属于基因Ⅶ型,鸽I型副粘病毒属于基因Ⅵ型。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.