组成型表达重组人C-反应蛋白的毕赤酵母菌株构建

目的:构建组成型表达重组人C-反应蛋白(Recombinant human C-reactive protein,rhCRP)的毕赤酵母工程菌株,表达、纯化rhCRP并鉴定其免疫反应性。方法:将设计合成的rhCRP基因克隆到表达载体pGAPZαA上并转化至毕赤酵母X-33中进行组成型分泌表达,通过His亲和层析柱纯化rhCRP。分别采用SDS-PAGE、Western blot和间接ELISA法检测目的蛋白并鉴定其免疫反应性。结果:重组表达载体pGAPZαA/rhCRP经酶切及DNA测序鉴定构建成功。重组毕赤酵母工程菌株成功组成型表达23kDa的rhCRP,27h即达到最大表达水平,表达量约3mg/L。经一步分离纯化获得纯度为96.58%的rhCRP,经间接ELISA检测表明其具有免疫反应性。结论:成功构建了组成型分泌表达rhCRP的毕赤酵母菌株,为进一步自主研发人CRP检测试剂奠定了基础。     

牛促卵泡激素在毕赤酵母中的表达

目的:实现重组牛促卵泡激素在毕赤酵母中的表达。方法:依据毕赤酵母的密码子偏爱性设计并利用PCR方法合成了牛促卵泡激素的α亚基和带有6×his-tag的β亚基相应的DNA序列,构建表达载体pHIL-S-bFSH,转化毕赤酵母,表达蛋白进行ELISA定量和Western blot鉴定。结果:重组牛促卵泡激素的表达量为0.26mg/L,Western blot鉴定分子量为35kDa。结论:在毕赤酵母中实现了具有免疫源活性的重组牛促卵泡激素的表达。     

乙型肝炎病毒PreS2S基因在毕赤酵母中表达的研究

构建重组质粒PHIL-D2/PreS2S以研究乙肝病毒PreS2(120-146)S基因编码蛋白在毕赤酵母中的表达。通过PCR扩增获得PreS2S片段,插入含AOX1启动子的Pichia Pastoris表达载体PHIL-D2中,构建重组表达质粒PHIL-D2/PreS2S,转化酵母宿主菌GS115。挑取阳性克隆摇床培养,甲醇诱导表达。通过ELISA、RPHA鉴定表达产物。成功构建了PHIL-D2/PreS2S真核表达载体,经过序列分析,插入的基因为在中国流行的adr亚型。在毕赤酵母中重组载体表达了S蛋白,S蛋白的表达量为34.9 mg/L,PreS2抗原检测为强阳性。利用毕赤酵母表达系统能够有效地表达乙型肝炎病毒的PreS2S蛋白,PreS2S蛋白具有良好的生物学活性。     

鸡碳酸酐酶4基因在毕赤酵母中的表达

[目的]通过毕赤酵母的表达获得鸡碳酸酐酶4(CAⅣ)蛋白。[方法]根据鸡CAⅣ的序列,结合毕赤酵母密码子的偏好性,合成CAⅣ基因。将CAⅣ基因克隆到pPICZαA真核表达载体,获得重组表达质粒pPICZαA-CAⅣ。将其电转毕赤酵母GS115后,获得重组毕赤酵母菌GS115/pPICZαA-CAⅣ。用终浓度为1%的甲醇对重组阳性菌进行诱导表达,通过SDS-PAGE和Westernblot法检测蛋白的表达,并用Ni离子亲和层析法对表达出的蛋白进行纯化。[结果]成功构建了表达载体pPICZαA-CAⅣ,转化重组酵母菌后可分泌出36kDa左右的CAⅣ蛋白,并通过Ni离子亲和层析法获得了单一性的目的蛋白CAⅣ。[结论]获得分子量约36kDa的鸡CAⅣ蛋白。     

重组人GALNT3-sol蛋白在毕赤酵母中的高效表达和活性鉴定

目的:为了获得有催化活性的人乙酰半乳糖胺转移酶3(GALNT3),构建了GALNT3可溶性区域(GALNT3-sol)的真核分泌表达载体,在巴斯德毕赤酵母中表达并纯化GALNT3-sol蛋白,体外检测其转糖基活性。方法:以构建好的pET15b/GALNT3-sol为模板进行PCR,扩增编码人GALNT3-sol的cDNA片段(1 755 bp),将其克隆至真核表达载体pPIC9K,载体线性化后采用电击法转化毕赤酵母GS115。通过MD平板和G418平板筛选出阳性高拷贝重组菌株。阳性菌株经过甲醇诱导表达人GALNT3-sol重组蛋白,表达上清进行Ni-NAT分离纯化。分别采用SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定纯化的重组蛋白,并使用HPLC和MALDI-TOF/MS分析其转糖基化反应的活性。结果:成功构建了能够分泌表达GALNT3-sol的毕赤酵母菌株。阳性表达菌株在BMMY培养基(pH 6.0)中20℃培养,经0.5%甲醇诱导表达96 h,摇瓶表达量可达5mg/L。SDS-PAGE和Western blot结果显示表达重组蛋白为糖基化形式。活性检测显示表达的重组蛋白具有转糖基活性。结论:成功获得可以高效分泌表达具有活性的人GALNT3-sol蛋白的毕赤酵母菌株,为进一步研究人GALNT3的性质及其应用提供了基础。     

钝顶螺旋藻sod基因真核表达载体的构建与表达

目的:在毕赤酵母中表达钝顶螺旋藻超氧化物歧化酶SOD。方法:以质粒p ET30-sod为模板,采用PCR扩增sod基因,并将其与表达载体p PIC9K相连,构建重组表达质粒p PIC9K-sod。将重组质粒p PIC9K-sod用限制性内切酶PmeⅠ线性化,并电转化入毕赤酵母GS115。利用单菌落PCR筛选整合有重组质粒的阳性转化子,用甲醇进行诱导表达,并在5L发酵罐内进行发酵表达目的蛋白。用改进的邻苯三酚自氧化法测定重组SOD的活性。结果:成功构建了钝顶螺旋藻的sod的真核表达载体,并在毕赤酵母中表达了分子量为22k Da的重组蛋白SOD。发酵罐高密度发酵所获目的蛋白的平均浓度为0.36±0.4 mg/m L,比活性为409±17U/mg。结论:在毕赤酵母中表达了分子量为22k Da的钝顶螺旋藻SOD。     

HPV18晚期蛋白L1在毕赤酵母菌中的表达及鉴定

目的:用毕赤酵母胞内表达载体构建含人乳头瘤病毒18型(HPV18)L1基因质粒,诱导表达并进行鉴定。方法:按照毕赤酵母密码子偏爱性原则,合成全长L1基因,然后克隆到pAO819表达载体上,在体外分别构建含一个拷贝和二个拷贝的L1基因载体。线形化后转化到GS115酵母细胞,经G418抗性筛选,获高拷贝重组子并经甲醇诱导表达,表达产物采用化学发光Western blot鉴定,一抗为抗HPV18L1蛋白鼠抗血清。结果:在55kDa处有诱导蛋白免疫印迹出现,并在电镜下观察到HPV18的病毒样颗粒(VLPs),证明该表达系统能表达出HPV18 L1蛋白。结论:本实验构建的毕赤酵母表达菌株,可经甲醇诱导表达HPV18L1晚期蛋白,为进一步研制人乳头瘤病毒18型基因工程疫苗打下基础。     

检测梅毒螺旋体抗体的纤维膜条方法的建立及其在诊断中的应用

目的：建立以纤维膜为载体的检测梅毒螺旋体抗体的方法,检查病人血清中对梅毒螺旋体多种抗原的抗体,用于梅毒感染的诊断。方法：将基因工程表达及纯化的梅毒螺旋体蛋白tp15、tp17、tp42和tp47分别结合在纤维膜上,用载抗原的纤维膜条检查血清中的抗体,抗体阳性者在相应抗原位置显示出特异条带。结果：梅毒螺旋体感染者血清中存在特异性抗体,在检查的460份临床诊断的患者血清中,对tp15、tp17、tp42和tp47抗原的抗体检出率分别为41.3%、100%、98.7%和51.7%;134份献血员血清抗体阴性。结论：建立的检测梅毒螺旋体感染的方法可同时检查对多种抗原的抗体,以纤维膜条作为诊断条检测血清抗体方法简便,用于临床诊断更特异、更敏感。     

毕赤酵母表达gp96-scFv抗体及生物活性测定

旨在利用毕赤酵母分泌表达gp96-scFv抗体,纯化后得到能特异性结合gp96抗原的小分子抗体片段(scFv)。根据gp96-scFv抗体基因序列,合成gp96-scFv抗体基因序列,将gp96-scFv抗体序列克隆到毕赤酵母表达质粒pPICZα-A,线性化的重组表达载体电转化到毕赤酵母X33,甲醇诱导目的蛋白表达,通过亲和层析法纯化目的蛋白,并以SDS-PAGE和Western blotting进行鉴定。通过Western blotting、Immunofluorescence、ELISA、FACS方法对gp96-scFv抗体的生物活性进行了检测。结果成功地构建了分泌表达抗gp96蛋白scFv抗体的毕赤酵母菌,每升毕赤酵母菌培养上清经纯化可获约50 mg gp96-scFv抗体,所获抗体其分子量大约为15 kDa,具有与gp96抗原特异性结合的活性。本研究通过毕赤酵母菌成功表达了gp96-scFv抗体,生物活性Western blotting、Immunofluorescence、ELISA、FACS分析表明该抗体能特异性结合gp96。     

人LYC5溶菌酶基因在毕赤酵母中的重组表达

LYC5是一种c型人溶菌酶蛋白。根据毕赤酵母密码子的偏爱性,对LYC5的mRNA编码序列进行优化设计,将优化后的基因序列克隆至毕赤酵母分泌型表达载体pPIC9K中,构建重组酵母表达质粒pPIC9K- LYC5 。重组质粒经线性化处理后转化毕赤酵母GS115,应用G418抗性筛选出高拷贝转化子,并对其进行摇瓶诱导表达,产物经SDS-PAGE电泳检测,发现在约15 kDa的位置出现了一条特异蛋白条带,此条带经LTQ Orbitra pelite MS鉴定,证明此蛋白即LYC5溶菌酶蛋白,表达量约为20 mg/L。对表达上清液进行活性分析,发现表达上清对溶壁微球菌具有较好的溶菌活性,活性约为40 000 U/mg,最适酶活反应温度为45℃,最适pH为5.0。采用基因工程方法,首次表达出了有生物学活性的人源LYC5溶菌酶蛋白,为深入探讨人溶菌酶家族成员的抗菌谱及其应用前景的研究奠定了基础。     

巴曲酶在毕赤酵母中的高效表达

目的研究巴曲酶在毕赤酵母菌中的表达。方法按Pichiapastoris偏好密码子人工合成巴曲酶全基因,克隆到酵母分泌型表达载体pPICZaA中,将重组载体酶切线性化后经电转化转入X-33。筛选鉴定转化子．经摇瓶发酵甲醇诱导,酵母菌分泌表达有凝血活性的巴曲酶。经SDS-PAGE电泳确定其分子量为33．0 kDa．免疫印迹证明重组巴曲酶具有天然巴曲酶的免疫活性。结果经发酵条件的优化．发酵罐的表达量达到25000Ku／L发酵液。从每升发酵液中可纯化出11．0mg重组巴曲酶。结论巴曲酶毕氏酵母菌成功的构建．为重组巴曲酶止血药的开发奠定了基础。     

Production and characterization of clinical grade Escherichia coli derived Plasmodium falciparum 42 kDa merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1(42)) in the absence of an affinity tag

The 42 kDa cleavage product from the carboxyl end of the Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1(42)) is an important blood-stage malaria vaccine target. Several recombinant protein expression systems have been used for production of MSP1(42) including yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris), Escherichia coli, baculovirus and transgenic animals. To date, all of the reported recombinant proteins include a 6 x His affinity tag to facilitate purification, including three MSP1(42) clinical grade proteins currently in human trials. Under some circumstances, the presence of the 6 x His tag may not be desirable. Therefore, we were interested to produce clinical grade MSP1(42) without a 6 x His affinity tag from E. coli inclusion bodies. We produced a recombinant MSP1(42) with a P. falciparum FUP (Uganda-Palo Alto) phenotype which accounts for a substantial proportion of the MSP1(42) protein observed in African isolates. EcMSP1(42)-FUP was produced in E. coli inclusion bodies by high cell mass induction with IPTG using 5 L and 60 L bioreactors. Isolated inclusion bodies were solubilized in 8M guanidine-HCl and the EcMSP1(42)-FUP protein refolded by rapid dilution. Refolded EcMSP1(42)-FUP was purified using hydrophobic interaction chromatography, anion exchange chromatography, and size exclusion chromatography, and subject to biochemical characterization for integrity, identity, and purity. Endotoxin and host cell protein levels were within acceptable limits for human use. The process was successfully transferred to pilot-scale production in a cGMP environment. A final recovery of 87.8 mg of clinical-grade material per liter of fermentation broth was achieved. The EcMSP1(42)-FUP clinical antigen is available for preclinical evaluation and human studies.     

Expression and characterization of a housefly cecropin gene in the methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris

A 371 bp full-length cDNA (GenBank Accession No. DQ232774) was obtained from housefly Musca domestica by using degenerate primers and subsequent amplification by 5'- and 3'-RACE. The cecropin gene, Mdcec and Mdcec/6His, was cloned into expression pPICZalpha-A vector and was expressed in the methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris. The recombinant Mdcec was purified using cationic exchange chromatography and 1.2mg pure active Mdcec was obtained from 100ml culture broth supernatant. To facilitate purification of Mdcec, the C-terminal 6His-tagged Mdcec was also expressed in P. pastoris. The recombinant Mdcec/6His was purified to homogeneity by a nickel chelating sepharose column and 2.0mg pure active Mdcec/6His was obtained from 100ml culture broth supernatant. Anti-microbial assays demonstrated that Mdcec had broad spectrum of antimicrobial property against fungi, as well as Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Mdcec/6His showed a similar activity to Mdcec against bacteria, but a slight higher activity against fungi. These results indicate that the 6His-tag can enhance the cationic nature and stability of Mdcec. This is the first report on the heterologous expression of a cecropin and cecropin with a 6His tag in P. pastoris. Our results suggest that the P. pastoris expression system can be used to produce large quantities of fully functional M. domestica cecropin for both research and industrial purpose.     

重组人kallistatin蛋白在毕赤酵母中的高效表达及生物活性分析

为了研究kallistatin(Kal)的生物活性,本实验构建了可分泌表达Kal的毕赤酵母菌株。首先通过PCR方法从pAAV-Kal中扩增出KalcDNA,并克隆至酵母表达载体pPIC9,得到甲醇酵母分泌型表达载体pPIC9-Kal,然后将载体线性化并电击转化毕赤酵母GS115(his4),通过MD平板筛选出阳性表达菌株。阳性表达菌株在BMMY培养基(pH7.0)中29℃培养,经2%甲醇诱导表达96h,摇瓶表达量可达14mg/L。表达上清经PhenylSuperose、Heparin SepharoseFF分离纯化,目的蛋白纯度达到98%,分子量为58kDa。生物活性实验显示,所得到的Kal蛋白具有较好的抗氧化活性,过氧化物酶活性达到(163±4)U/(mg·min),可有效降低H2O2对LX-2细胞的氧化损伤。另外,重组产生的Kal还能抑制HUVEC细胞的增殖。本研究首次成功地利用毕赤酵母表达系统分泌表达了有生物活性的Kal,为继续开展其抗肿瘤活性奠定了基础。     

梅毒螺旋体重组抗原的表达及在梅毒血清学诊断中的应用

目的：克隆、表达梅毒螺旋体（Treponema pallidum, Tp）膜蛋白TpN47、TpN17、TpN44.5和TpN15,建立双抗原夹心ELISA法,探讨其在梅毒血清学诊断中的应用。方法：应用聚合酶链反应法（PCR）从Tp全基因组中扩增4个目的片段,克隆到载体pET-HT-JKM中,在BL21(DE3)plysS菌中诱导表达,Ni-NTA亲和层析法纯化重组蛋白,辣根过氧化物酶标记,双抗原夹心酶联免疫吸附法检测人血清中的特异性IgM和IgG抗体。结果：成功表达了4种重组蛋白用作ELISA包被和酶标抗原检测国家Tp参比血清,特异性和灵敏度均为100％;检测385份临床血清样本,结果与TPPA法相比符合率达到99％（P＜0.01）,灵敏度和特异性分别为98.2%（162/165）和99.5%（219/220）。结论：表达的4种重组抗原具有很好的生物活性,为理想的梅毒的血清学诊断用抗原。以这4种表达蛋白为基础建立的双抗原夹心ELISA法灵敏度高,特异性好,而且方法简单,结果客观,易于自动化操作,值得临床大力推广。     

Production of enzymatically active recombinant full-length barley high pI alpha-glucosidase of glycoside family 31 by high cell-density fermentation of Pichia pastoris and affinity purification

Recombinant barley high pI alpha-glucosidase was produced by high cell-density fermentation of Pichia pastoris expressing the cloned full-length gene. The gene was amplified from a genomic clone and exons (coding regions) were assembled by overlap PCR. The resulting cDNA was expressed under control of the alcohol oxidase 1 promoter using methanol induction of P. pastoris fermentation in a Biostat B 5 L reactor. Forty-two milligrams alpha-glucosidase was purified from 3.5 L culture in four steps applying an N-terminal hexa-histidine tag. The apparent molecular mass of the recombinant alpha-glucosidase was 100 kDa compared to 92 kDa of the native barley enzyme. The secreted recombinant enzyme was highly stabile during the 5-day fermentation and had significantly superior specific activity of the enzyme purified previously from barley malt. The kinetic parameters Km, Vmax, and kcat were determined to 1.7 mM, 139 nM x s(-1), and 85 s(-1) using maltose as substrate. This work presents the first production of fully active recombinant alpha-glucosidase of glycoside hydrolase family 31 from higher plants.     

Purification and characterization of the recombinant human prostaglandin H synthase-2 expressed in Pichia pastoris

Prostaglandin H synthase-1 and -2 (PGHS-1 and PGHS-2, EC 1.14.99.1) are membrane associated glycoproteins that catalyze the first two steps in prostaglandin synthesis. As the enzymes play an important regulatory role in several physiological and pathophysiological processes, recombinant PGHS isoforms are widely used in biomedical research. In the present study, we expressed human PGHS-2 (hPGHS-2) with and without a six histidine sequence tag (His(6) tag) near the amino- or carboxy-terminus of the protein in the Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) expression system using native or yeast signal sequences. The recombinant His(6) tagged hPGHS-2 was purified using Ni-affinity and anion exchange chromatography, whereas the purification of the C-terminally His(6) tagged hPGHS-2 was more efficient. K(m), k(cat) and IC(50) values were determined to characterize the protein. The data obtained indicate that both the N- and C-terminally His(6) tagged hPGHS-2 are functional and the catalytic properties of the recombinant protein and the enzyme produced in other expression systems are comparable. As the yeast culture is easy to handle, the P. pastoris system could serve as an alternative to the most commonly used baculovirus-insect cell expression system for the production of the recombinant PGHS-2.     

Expression and purification of two lipases from Yarrowia lipolytica AS 2.1216

We isolated two lipase genes LIPY7, LIPY8 from Yarrowia lipolytica CGMCC (China general microbiological culture collection center) AS 2.1216. The LIPY7 and LIPY8 genes encode a 366 and a 371-amino acid protein, respectively. The lipase genes with 6 x His tag sequence were cloned into expression vector pPIC9K and successfully integrated into a heterologous fungal host Pichia pastoris KM71, respectively. The recombinants were induced by methanol to secrete active lipases into cultural medium. The recombinant lipases were also purified and characterized.     

Deglycosylation to obtain stable and homogeneous Pichia pastoris-expressed N-A1 domains of carcinoembryonic antigen

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a seven domain membrane glycoprotein widely used as a tumour marker for adenocarcinomas and as a target for antibody-directed therapies. Structural models have proposed that the first two domains of CEA (the N terminal and adjoining A1 domains) bind MFE-23, a single chain Fv antibody in experimental clinical use. We aimed to produce recombinant N-A1 to test this hypothesis. The N-A1 domains were expressed as soluble protein with a C-terminal hexahistidine tag (His6-tag) in the yeast Pichia pastoris. His6-tagged N-A1 was captured from the supernatant by batch purification with copper-loaded Streamline Chelating, an immobilised metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) matrix usually utilised in expanded bed techniques. Purified N-A1 was heterogeneous with a molecular weight range from 38 to 188 kDa. Deglycosylation with endoglycosidase H (Endo H) resulted in three discrete molecular weight forms of N-A1, one partially mannosylated, one fully Endo H-digested and one fully Endo H-digested but lacking the His6-tag. These were separated by concanavalin A chromatography followed by HiTrap IMAC. The procedure resulted in single-band-purity, mannose-free N-A1. The binding interaction of MFE-23 to N-A1 was analysed by surface plasmon resonance. The affinity constants retrieved were KD = 4.49 x 10(-9)M for the P. pastoris expressed, native N-A1, and 5.33 x 10(-9) M for the Endo H-treated N-A1. To our knowledge this is the first time that two consecutive domains of CEA have been stably expressed and purified from P. pastoris. This work confirms that the CEA epitope recognised by MFE-23 resides in N-A1.