鸡Zong菌的液体发酵与毒理研究

鸡Ｚｏｎｇ菌Ｔｅｒｍｉｔｏｍｙｃｅｓａｌｂｕｍｉｎｏｓｕｓ（Ｂｅｒｋ）．Ｈｅｉｍ采自四川西昌野生子实体,经分离,纯化,鉴定、保存于ＰＤＡ琼脂斜面培养基。报道鸡Ｚｏｎｇ菌菌丝体深层发酵在５００Ｌ发酵罐中,温度２８～３０℃,ｐＨ６．０～７．０接种量１％～１．５％,通气量为１：１～１：１．２（体积比）,可在３０ｈ获得鸡Ｚｏｎｇ菌菌丝体２４．５ｇ／Ｌ（干重）还对鸡Ｚｏｎｇ菌菌丝体的毒性进行了探讨,选用Ａｍ     

地衣芽孢杆菌碱性蛋白酶的研究 Ⅰ.碱性蛋白酶高产菌的筛选及产酶条件初探

从成都佳丰食品厂等处采集的样品中平板分离初筛到124株碱性蛋白酶产生菌,进一步复筛出一株高产,且稳定的碱性蛋白酶产生菌株B．L．JF-ld,初步鉴定为地衣穿孢杆菌（Bacilluslicheniformis）。该菌的最适产酶条件为：培养基（％）为麦芽糖7．5,酵母膏3,NaCl0．5,K2HPO4·3H2O0．53,NaHPO4·2H2O0．03,Na2CO30．056,MnSO4l×10－4mol／L,pH8．7,通气量为（1：0．5）～（1：1）（v／v）,37℃发酵40h,酶活力单位高达7180U／ml。     

蝙蝠蛾拟青霉液体发酵工艺优化及菌丝体腺苷含量的检测

通过摇瓶液体培养的方法,以菌丝体生物量为主要考察指标,筛选蝙蝠蛾拟青霉PH-2菌株液体发酵的培养基成分和条件。进一步采用正交试验,以菌丝体生物量和腺苷含量为联合指标,确定PH-2菌株液体发酵高产菌丝体和腺苷的培养基配方。通过试验获得的最佳配方为：玉米淀粉40g/L,葡萄糖5g/L,玉米浆25g/L,硫酸镁·7H₂O 1g/L,磷酸二氢钾1g/L,硫酸锌1.5g/L,维生素B1 25mg/L;培养条件为：初始pH 6.0,装液量150mL/500mL,接种量8%（V/V）,温度26℃,转速120r/min,培养7d。在该工艺下,菌丝体生物量达到25.2g/L。应用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法,检测到菌丝体中腺苷含量为2.76mg/g。该方法简便、快速、准确,可作为蝙蝠蛾拟青霉菌丝体或其相关产品中腺苷的检测手段。本工艺的优化试验获得了较高的菌丝体收率,菌丝体质量良好。     

尿培养中病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的研究大连市中心医院2007年1月至2012年9月尿培养中常见病原菌（真菌除外）的分布及其耐药性,为临床治疗尿路感染提供诊断及用药依据。方法采用MicroScan—Walkaway40全自动微生物鉴定药敏分析仪和ATBExpression自动细菌鉴定仪及K—B纸片法药敏试验,应用WHONET5．4软件对结果进行回顾性统计分析。结果五年间尿培养中共分离出病原菌1012株（真菌除外）,其中革兰阴性菌802株（79．2％）,主要是大肠埃希菌538株（53．2％）、肺炎克雷伯菌95株（9．5％）、铜绿假单胞菌51株（5．1％）、奇异变形杆菌30株（2．9％）、鲍曼不动杆菌26株（2．6％）。革兰阳性菌210株（20．8％）,主要是粪肠球菌86株（8．6％）,屎肠球菌83株（8．2％）,凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌21株（2．1％）,金黄色葡萄球菌13株（1．3％）。抗生素敏感试验中碳青霉烯类（亚胺培南及美洛培南）对肠杆菌科细菌大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌及奇异变形杆菌抗菌活性最强,无耐药菌株,对非发酵菌中铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌耐药率为30％～40％,革兰阳性菌对糖肽类（万古霉素、替考拉宁）和利奈唑胺等抗菌药物高度敏感。结论应当根据主要易感菌种类及其抗生素敏感试验结果指导临床合理使用抗生素。     

三孢布拉氏霉发酵生产β-胡萝卜素的研究

利用三孢布拉氏霉发酵生产天然β－胡萝卜素。在30L发酵罐中,平均生物量31．3g干菌重／L发酵液和胡萝卜素1213．1mp／L;在3M³发酵罐中,平均生物量38.0g干菌重／L发酵液和胡萝卜素1146．5mg／L。将中试样品经HPLC分析,在总色素中β-胡萝卜素占92～96％,其他类胡萝卜素占8～4％;在β-胡萝卜素中,反式异构体占90～95％,9－、13－、15－顺式异构体占10～5％。结晶β－胡萝卜素呈多种形状,但大多数为两端锥形的棱柱体。在胡萝卜素提取中,工艺和技     

金龟子绿僵菌固态发酵产壳聚糖酶

对金龟子绿僵菌（Metarhizium anisopliae）AS3．4606产壳聚糖酶进行了固态发酵条件优化及酶学部分特征的研究。正交实验结果表明,以麸皮为碳源,日本根霉菌丝体粉末为氮源,在起始pH5．0,m（碳）：m（氨）为1：4,m（干重）：m（液体）为1：1．4,27℃下培养120h,壳聚糖酶活性可达35．08U／g（干培养基）。粗酶液的最适反应温度为40℃,最适反应pH为5．0,酶在pH5．0～6．0条件下稳定性最高。该酶不能水解固体甲壳素和纤维素粉末,最适底物为胶体壳聚糖。     

发酵法生产猪苓菌丝体及猪苓多糖的研究

采用经选育的猪苓PU－99菌作为生产菌株,研究了其培养基组成,优化了深层发酵条件。在1吨罐中生产猪苓菌丝体：发酵36h,其菌丝体干重达2．3％,粗多糖含量在31．0％。对得到的猪苓菌丝体进行了有效成分的提取,并测定了猪苓多糖的分子量,分子量为29054,峰面积72．02％。     

粗柄鸡菌菌丝体培养和无性繁殖过程研究初报

鸡菌属菌物是一类具有商业前景的食物蕈菌。对Ｔｅｒｍｉｔｏｍｙｃｅｓａｌｂｕｍｉｎｏｓｕｓ（Ｂｅｒｋ）Ｈｅｉｍ进行了广泛研究,其它种类的研究仅见于Ｔ．ｆｕｌｇｉｎｏｓｕｓ（Ｂｅｒｋ．）Ｈｅｉｍ。笔者首次对Ｔ．ｒｏｂｕｓｔｕｓ（Ｂｅｅｌｉ）Ｈｅｉｍ粗柄鸡菌进行了纯培养研究,其菌丝体生长所需的碳源以麦芽糖为佳,葡萄糖、蔗糖次之;氮源以蛋白胨、酵母粉较好;天然材料的热水提取物,如松针、蚁巢圃、马铃薯、平菇出菇废料、蚕豆的混合物能促进菌丝生长;培养基在ｐＨ４．５左右最佳,可用０．０５％的柠檬酸调节。菌丝体纯培养很容易形成大量分生孢子和小白球菌,表明小白球菌是粗柄鸡菌菌丝体无性繁殖过程的一个阶段。     

菊糖酶发酵生产条件的研究

脆壁克鲁维氏酵母（Kluyveromycesfragilis）在pH5．5的适当培养基中,28℃摇瓶培养30h后,进行分批发酵。结果表明：发酵初始pH为6．0～6．5,菊糖浓度为2％,接种量4％,控制前期发酵温度为28℃,33h后发酵温度为32～34℃。发酵周期为70h左右,最高产酶达240u／ml。在5L自控发酵罐中,产酶达到同样水平,发酵周期缩短约10h。     

酒明串珠菌31DH酿酒特性的研究

研究了四个品种干红葡萄酒的酒明串珠菌（Leuconostocoenos）31DH的酿酒特性。结果表明,18～20℃为该菌进行苹果酸-乳酸发酵（MLF）的最适温度;PH＜3.1时,MLF触发困难;31DH对总SO2的抗性达60mg／L且能耐12.8％的酒精度。葡萄酒经过MLF后,总酸下降2．0～3．5g／L,挥发酸和挥发酯分别上升0．20～0．30g／L和0．15～0．22g／L,风味平衡指数达5以上,口感变得柔和、润口、协调,酒质得到提高。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.