缺氧诱导因子1α、诱导型一氧化氮合酶在缺氧性肺动脉高压大鼠肺动脉的表达

目的　观察缺氧诱导因子 1α (HIF 1α)与诱导型一氧化氮合酶 (iNOS)基因在缺氧性肺动脉高压大鼠肺动脉的表达情况。方法常压间断缺氧法复制缺氧性肺动脉高压大鼠模型 ;右心导管测定平均肺动脉压 (mPAP) ;H·E染色观察肺血管重塑情况 ;原位杂交和免疫组织化学方法分别检测HIF 1α和iNOSmRNA及蛋白质。结果　缺氧 7天后大鼠mPAP升高 ,出现缺氧性肺血管重塑 (HPSR) ,缺氧 14天后出现右心室肥大。对照组大鼠肺动脉壁iNOS、iNOSmRNA、HIF 1αmRNA弱阳性 ,HIF 1α蛋白质在肺动脉内膜和中膜分别呈阴性和弱阳性 ;肺动脉壁iNOS蛋白质和mRNA表达水平于缺氧 3天增高 ,缺氧 7天上升达高峰 ,以后维持于高峰水平 ;HIF 1αmRNA表达水平于缺氧 14天以后显著升高 ;全部缺氧大鼠肺动脉内膜HIF 1α蛋白质强阳性 ,肺动脉中膜HIF 1α蛋白质表达水平于缺氧 3天上升达高峰 ,缺氧 14天以后逐渐向基线回降。缺氧条件下iNOS蛋白质水平与mPAP (r =0 74 ,P <0 0 1)和HPSR (r =0 78,P <0 0 1)呈正相关 ,与HIF 1α蛋白质水平呈负相关 (r =- 0 5 2 ,P <0 0 1)。结论　HIF 1α和iNOS均参与缺氧性肺动脉高压的发病 ,HIF 1α对iNOS可能具有转录激活作用 ,iNOS对HIF 1α的表达可能具有抑制作用     

内源性CO在缺氧性肺动脉高压大鼠肺血管重构中的作用

目的和方法 :应用逆转录聚合酶链式反应 (RT PCR)、双波长分光光度法、右心导管及维多利亚蓝染色方法 ,动态观察慢性缺氧不同时间点大鼠肺组织中诱导型血红素氧合酶 (HO 1)基因表达、内源性CO生成、肺动脉压力及构型的变化 ,探讨内源性CO在大鼠缺氧性肺动脉高压肺血管重构中的作用。结果 :①正常大鼠肺组织可表达少量HO 1mRNA ,缺氧 5、10、15d大鼠肺组织HO 1mRNA含量分别增加 2 .3、3.6、4 .0倍 (P <0 .0 1) ,动脉血中COHb分别较正常大鼠增加 1.9、2 .6和 2 .9倍 (P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 5 ) ,同时RVSP升高。光镜下可见IAPA血管壁增厚 ,管腔变窄。②Hemin可使缺氧大鼠肺组织HO 1mRNA和动脉血中COHb保持在高水平 (分别高达正常对照组的 5 .2和 3.7倍 ,P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 5 ) ,能部分地抑制缺氧时大鼠RVSP的升高 ,减轻IAPA的病理改变。结论 :在慢性缺氧性肺动脉高压大鼠肺组织中HO 1基因的表达增加 ,内源性CO生成增多。Hemin促进HO 1基因表达和内源性CO生成 ,可抑制肺动脉压升高 ,阻抑肺血管重构 ,对缺氧性肺动脉高压的形成有一定的防治作用     

一氧化氮对急、慢性缺氧大鼠血流动力学及缺氧性肺血管收缩反应的影响

观察了吸入０．００４％的一氧化氮（ＮＯ）对急、慢性缺氧大鼠血流动力学、缺氧性肺血管收缩反应（ＨＰＶ）、血气及高铁血红蛋白（ＭｅｔＨｂ）的影响。结果表明：（１）常氧吸入ＮＯ时能明显降低慢性缺氧大鼠肺动脉平均压（Ｐｐａ）和肺血管阻力（ＰＶＲ）,但对正常大鼠的Ｐｐａ和ＰＶＲ无明显影响;（２）慢性缺氧大鼠急性缺氧时ＨＰＶ较正常大鼠弱,吸入ＮＯ不但降低两者的急性缺氧肺动脉高压,且完全逆转两者的ＨＰＶ;（３）吸入ＮＯ对急、慢性缺氧大鼠体循环血流动力学、血气及ＭｅｔＨｂ含量无明显影响。提示吸入ＮＯ能选择性降低急、慢性缺氧性肺动脉高压,且逆转ＨＰＶ。     

磷脂酶A2活力与急性缺氧性肺动脉高压关系的探讨

通过动物实验探讨磷脂酶Ａ２及相关炎性介质在急性缺氧性肺动脉高压形成中的作用。３０只ＳＤ大鼠随机分为三组;正常对照组,缺氧组及缺氧加地塞米松组。均测定肺动脉压;缺氧３０ｍｉｎ后,取静脉血肺组织测定ＰＬＡ２活力,血小板活化因子,前列腺素Ｅ２,血栓素Ｂ２。     

慢性缺氧大鼠肺动脉一氧化氮合酶与蛋白激酶C表达变化关系的免疫组织化学研究

观察慢性缺氧对大鼠肺动脉诱导型一氧化氮合酶 (i NOS)和蛋白激酶 C (PKC)表达的影响 ,并探讨 i NOS及 PKC的相互关系在肺动脉高压形成中的作用。建立常压缺氧肺动脉高压模型。应用免疫组化染色和计算机定量图像分析技术观察各组 i NOS和 PKC在蛋白质水平表达的变化 ,并分析二者之间的关系。结果表明随着缺氧时间的延长 ,PKC的表达逐渐上升而 i NOS的表达逐渐下降 ,直线相关分析结果呈显著性负相关 (n=2 4,r=- 0 .94,P<0 .0 1) ,提示 i NOS与 PKC相互拮抗作用与缺氧性肺动脉高压的形成及发展有关     

15-脂氧合酶/15-羟廿碳四烯酸在缺氧性肺动脉高压中的作用和机制

肺动脉高压是一种病因复杂的罕见病,以肺动脉阻力增高,引起右心室后负荷增大,最终导致右心室功能衰竭而使患者死亡为特征。肺血管花生四烯酸信号通路异常在肺动脉高压中发挥重要作用。肺动脉高压患者肺动脉内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞和成纤维细胞中15-脂氧合酶(15-lipoxygenase, 15-LO)及其代谢产物15-羟廿碳四烯酸(15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid,15-HETE)水平均升高。在缺氧条件下,15-LO/15-HETE引起肺动脉收缩,促进肺动脉内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞增殖,抑制肺动脉平滑肌细胞凋亡,促进肺血管外膜纤维化,进而导致肺动脉高压的发生。本文主要对15-LO/15-HETE与缺氧性肺动脉高压相关性的研究进行综述,以阐明15-LO/15-HETE在缺氧性肺动脉高压中发挥的核心作用。     

实验性红细胞增多和慢性缺氧对右心室肥大的影响

为了研究红细胞增多对缺氧性肺动脉高压和右室肥大的影响,将大鼠分为四组:常氧对照组;单纯红细胞增多组;慢性缺氧组;慢性缺氧复合红细胞增多组。结果表明,单纯红细胞增多引起右室V_(max)、右室收缩压和右室重量指数增加。慢性缺氧不仅引起右室±dP/dt_(max)和V_(max)增加,还引起右室收缩压和右室重量指数增加。慢性缺氧复合红细胞增多进一步使右室收缩压和右室重量指数增加。此外,还出现左室重量指数增加。以上结果表明,红细胞增多在缺氧性肺动脉高压和右室肥大中起着重要作用。     

内源性CO在缺氧性肺动脉高压大鼠肺血重构中的作用

目的和方法：应用逆转录聚合酶链式反应（RT－PCR）、双波长分光光度法,右心导管及维多利亚蓝染色方法,动态观察慢性缺氧不同时间点大鼠肺吕诱导型血红素氧合酶（HO－1）基因表达,内源性CO生成,肺动脉压力及构型的变化,探讨内源性CO大鼠缺氧性肺动脉高压肺血管重构中的作用。结果：（1）正常大鼠肺组织可表达少量HO－1mRNA,缺氧5、10、15d大鼠肺组织HO－1mRNA含量分别增加2．3、3．6、4．0倍（P＜0．01）,动脉血中COHb分别较正常大鼠增加1．2、2．6和2．9倍（P＜0．1或P＜0．05）。同时RVSP升高。光镜下可见IAPA血管壁增厚,管腔变窄。（2）Hemin可使缺氧大鼠肺组织HO－1mRNA和动脉血中COHb保持在高水平（分别高达正常对照组的5．2和3．7倍,P＜0．01或P＜0．05）,能部分地抑制缺氧时大鼠RVSP的升高,减轻IAPA的病理改变。结论：在慢性缺氧性肺动脉高压大鼠肺组织中HO－1基因的表达增加,内源性CO生成增多。Hemin促进HO－1基因表达和内源性CO手成,可抑制肺动脉压升高,阻抑制血管重构,对缺陷氧性肺动脉高压的形成有一定的防治作用。     

川芎嗪对缺氧大鼠和雪貂肺血管的舒张作用

用大鼠在体肺灌流和雪貂左下肺叶活体灌流方法比较了川芎嗪对缺氧、血管紧张素Ⅱ、高钾、almitrine等所致肺血管收缩的舒张效应。实验结果表明,川芎嗪能使缺氧引起的收缩肺血管明显舒张,此效应可能不通过血管紧张素系统。对高钾引起的肺血管收缩,川芎嗪的抑制作用明显小于异搏定。川芎嗪对肺血管的舒张效应表明缺氧和almitrine对肺血管的作用相近。在急性缺氧情况下,川芎嗪对肺血管的舒张作用比对体血管强,这一点对缺氧性肺动脉高压的防治是很有用的。     

慢性缺氧对大鼠肺组织中G_(α0)的分布及基因表达的影响

为研究Ｇ蛋白变化与慢性缺氧性肺动脉高压发生的关系,本文应用核酸分子杂交方法及免疫组织化学法,测定了慢性缺氧性肺动脉高压大鼠肺组织Ｇ蛋白（Ｇα０）ｍＲＮＡ水平及其在肺组织中的分布。结果发现：Ｇα０分布于肺动脉壁肌层的神经纤维中,慢性缺氧可使Ｇα０阳性神经纤维数目明显增多,而且肺组织中Ｇα０ｍＲＮＡ水平为对照组的１．６８倍。结果提示：慢性缺氧性肺动脉高压发病过程可能有通过Ｇα０起作用的神经机制参与     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV