天花粉蛋白Glu160在N-糖苷酶活性中的作用

用浸泡法得到了（Ｅ１６０Ａ）天花粉蛋白（ｔｒｉｃｈｏｓａｎｔｈｉｎ, ＴＣＳ）,（Ｅ１６０Ｄ）ＴＣＳ与Ａｄｅ 和（Ｅ１６０Ａ）ＴＣＳ与ＦＭＰ复合物的晶体．在Ｍａｒ Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ 面探测器系统上分别收集了０．２０ ｎｍ ,０．１９ｎｍ 和０．２０５ ｎｍ 分辨率的Ｘ 射线衍射数据,数据处理用Ｍａｒ Ｓｃａｌｅ 程序系统完成．用同晶差值Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ法解析了（Ｅ１６０Ａ）ＴＣＳ－Ａｄｅ,（Ｅ１６０Ｄ）ＴＣＳ－Ａｄｅ 和（Ｅ１６０Ａ）ＴＣＳ－ＦＭＰ的晶体结构,结构修正利用Ｘ－ＰＬＯＲ程序,修正结果,晶体学Ｒ因子分别为０．１６６,０．１７６,０．１７９．键长和键角的ＲＭＳ偏差分别为０．００１０ ｎｍ 和２．５０３°,０．００１３ ｎｍ 和２．６６５°,０．００１２ ｎｍ 和２．６７６°．在这三个结构中均未见到Ｇｌｕ１８９侧链方向的改变．Ａｄｅ 或ＦＭＰ仍结合在Ｎ－糖苷酶活性口袋之中,它夹在Ｔｙｒ７０和Ｔｙｒ１１１两个侧链环之间,与Ｔｙｒ７０环近乎平行．这一结果表明：ＴＣＳ中的Ｇｌｕ１６０分别突变成Ａｌａ 和Ａｓｐ,仍能与ＡＭＰ发生Ｎ－糖苷酶反应,但是活性降低了一些．可见Ｇｌｕ１６０对ＴＣＳ与ＡＭＰ的作用是重要的,但不是必要的．     

(E160A)和(E160D)天花粉蛋白两种突变体晶体结构研究

培养了（Ｅ１６０Ａ）ＴＣＳ和（Ｅ１６０Ｄ）ＴＣＳ的单晶。在ＭＡＲＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈ面探测器系统上分别收集了０．１９３ｎｍ和０．２０ｎｍ分辨率的Ｘ射线衍射数据。数据处理用ＭＡＲＳＣＡＬＥ程序系统完成。用同晶差值Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ法解析了突变体的晶体结构,结构修正利用Ｘ－ＰＬＯＲ程序。修正结果,晶体学Ｒ因子分别为０．１７５,０．１７９,键长和键角的ＲＭＳ偏差分别为０．００１１ｎｍ和２．４５７°,０．００１３ｎｍ和２．６７５°。在这两个突变体的结构中均未见到Ｇｌｕ１８９侧链方向的改变。通过对（Ｅ１６０Ａ）ＴＣＳ和（Ｅ１６０Ｄ）ＴＣＳ的结构比较,说明（Ｅ１６０Ｄ）ＴＣＳ活性低于（Ｅ１６０Ａ）ＴＣＳ的原因：这可能是由于在（Ｅ１６０Ｄ）ＴＣＳ中Ｔｙｒ１１１和Ｔｙｒ７０的侧链都具有较大的运动性,使它们与腺嘌呤碱基的芳香堆垛作用减弱,从而导致活性的降低     

天花粉蛋白的定点聚乙二醇修饰

用一种定点修饰天花粉蛋白（ｔｒｉｃｈｏｓａｎｔｈｉｎ,ＴＣＳ）的方法,将聚乙二醇（ＰＥＧ）偶联到预先选定的位点．利用ｎＴＣＳ无半胱氨酸（Ｃｙｓ）残基这一特点,通过定点突变将一个Ｃｙｓ残基引入ＴＣＳ以取代第７位的丝氨酸（Ｓｅｒ）残基．然后,与巯基反应的ＰＥＧ－ｍ ａｌｅｉｍ ｉｄｅ 即可偶联到新引入的Ｃｙｓ 残基上．经纯化得到均一的ＰＥＧ－ＴＣＳ复合物,在ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ上显示一条区带,表观分子量为３８ ｋＤ．复合物的体外致核糖体失活活性降低了６倍,但其体内引产活性与ｎＴＣＳ相同．定点ＰＥＧ修饰方法为改造ＴＣＳ提供了新途径．     

亚天花粉蛋白突变体R163Kn-TCS及其复合物R163Kn-TCS/Ade的晶体结构

用悬滴汽相扩散法得到Ｒ１６３Ｋ ｎ－ＴＣＳ的晶体,并用ＡＭＰ浸泡４８小时后利到复合物晶体。在Ｍａｒ－Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ面探测器系统上分别收集了０．２０５和０．１８７分辨率的Ｘ－射线衍射数据。采用同晶差值傅立叶法解析结构,用Ｘ－ＰＬＯＲ软件包进行修正,最后两模型的偏差因子（Ｒ和Ｒｆｒｅｅ）分别为（０．１８７和０．２６３）和（０．１８０和０．２３３）,键长偏差都为０．００１３ｎｍ,键角偏差分别为２．７９     

延安市150例高粘综合症患者卡森粘度、卡森屈服值与其它指标相关性研究

本文对延安市１５０例男性高血粘滞综合证患者的卡森粘度（ＣａｓｓｏｎＶｉｓｃｏｓｉｔｙ,ＣＶ、ηｃ）、卡森屈服值（Ｃａｓｓｏｎｙｉｅｌｄｓｔｒｅｓｓ,ＣＹ,Ｔｃ）与另外十四项血流变指标的相关性进行了研究,３６例男健康人作对照,以初步观察ＣＶ、ＣＹ的内在规律与临床意义,结果表明病例组ＣＶ与ηａ（２３０Ｓ－１）、ＨＲＶ、ＴＫ、ＩＲ呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１或＜０．００５）;ＣＹ与ηａ（２３０Ｓ、４６Ｓ、５．７５ｎ）、ＭＲＶ、ＬＲＶ、ＡＩ呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）与ＥＳＲ负相关;ＣＶ与ηａ（５．７５Ｓ）、ＭＲＶ、ＬＲＶ、ＡＩ、Ｆｉｂ,ＣＹ呈负相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）;对照组例数少,相关性差,待后观察。     

天花粉蛋白与CibacronBlueF_3GA结合特性的研究

 天花粉蛋白与ＣｉｂａｃｒｏｎＢｌｕｅＦ_３ＧＡ结合特性的研究何贤辉,柯一保,孙汛,聂慧玲（中国科学院上海细胞生物学研究所,上海２０００３１）天花粉蛋白（Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｓａｎｔｈｉｎ,简称ＴＣ８）是从葫芦科植物栝楼（Ｔｂｅｈｏｓａｎｔｈｅｓｋｉｒｉｌｏｗ?..     

亚天花粉蛋白突变体(R163H n-TCS和R163Q n-TCS)的晶体结构研究

用悬滴汽相扩散法得到了Ｒ１６３Ｈｎ－ＴＣＳ和Ｒ６１３Ｑｎ－ＴＣＳ的晶体,Ｍａｒ－Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ面探测器系统上分别收集了０．２００和０．２０５ｎｍ分辨率的Ｘ－射线衍射数据,采用同晶差值傅立叶法解析结构,用Ｘ－ＰＬＯＲ软件包进行修正,最后的晶体学Ｒ因子分别为０．１８４和０．１８５,键长偏差分别为０．００１３ｎｍ和０．００１４ｎｍ,键角偏差分别为２．５９０和２．８１５,结构测定显示Ｒ１６３Ｈｎ－ＴＣＳ     

天花粉蛋白Y14F/R22L定点突变及其活性研究

利用多聚酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）技术,对天然天花粉蛋白（ｎＴＣＳ）基因在Ｔｙｒ１４和Ａｒｇ２２两个保守残基处同时进行定点突变,即Ｔｙｒ１４变成Ｐｈｅ,Ａｒｇ２２变成Ｌｅｕ,然后克隆到ｐＥＴ－８ｃ高效表达载体上,构建成重组质粒ｐＥＴＹ１４Ｆ／Ｒ２２Ｌ．经序列分析,定点突变的结果与预先设计的完全一致,突变后的天花粉蛋白命名为Ｙ１４Ｆ／Ｒ２２ＬＴＣＳ．将ｐＥＴＹ１４Ｆ／Ｒ２２Ｌ转化到Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３,ｐＬｙｓＳ）中,进行表达．经ＣＭ－ＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＣＬ－６Ｂ柱纯化,ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ鉴定,纯度可达９０％．ＲＩＰ活性测定显示,Ｙ１４Ｆ／Ｒ２２ＬＴＣＳ的活性比ｎＴＣＳ降低了７．５倍,活性变化不显著,因此,ＴＣＳ的Ｔｒｙ１４和Ａｒｇ２２对维持其活性部位构象并不是必需的．但由于Ｙ１４Ｆ／Ｒ２２ＬＴＣＳ在Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ中的表达量与ｎＴＣＳ相比明显下降,因此,Ｔｙｒ１４和Ａｒｇ２２可能与ＴＣＳ翻译后的折叠有关．     

马铃薯Y病毒普通系外壳蛋白基因在大肠杆菌中的表达

将马铃薯Ｙ病毒普通系（ＰＶＹ０）的外壳蛋白基因克隆到表达质粒ｐＭＡＬｃ２中,构建这一基因在大肠杆菌中的表达载体ｐＭＡＬｃ２ＰＶＹ０ＣＰ。ＳＤＳＰＡＧＥ及Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔｉｎｇ检测结果表明,这一表达栽体在Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＤＨ５α中经ＩＰＴＧ诱导可表达分子量为７１．８ｋＤａ的特异性融合蛋白。以ａｍｙｌｏｓｅｒｅｓｉｎ亲合柱层析纯化这一融合蛋白为抗原,免疫家兔制备了效价为１∶１０２４的特异性抗血清。用该抗血清可通过对流免疫电泳、免疫双扩散及Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔｉｎｇ对ＰＶＹ进行检测     

Crystal structure of R22L trichosanthin

Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｓａｎｔｈｉｎ(ＴＣＳ)ｉｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｍｅｍｂｅｒｏｆｒｉｂｏｓｏｍｅｉｎａｃｔｉｖａｔｉｎｇｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｓ[1].ＩｔｐｏｓｓｅｓｓｅｓＮｇｌｙｃｏｓｉｄａｓｅａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｒｅｍｏｖｉｎｇａｄｅｎｉｎｅ(ＡＤＥ)ａｔｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎＡ4324ｏｆ28ＳｒＲＮＡ[2].ＴｈｅａｃｔｉｖｅｐｏｃｋｅｔｏｆＮｇｌｙｃｏｓｉｄａｓｅｈａｓｂｅｅｎｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｃｒｙｓｔａｌｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｓｏｆＴＣＳ,αＭＭＣａｎｄｒｉｃｉｎａｎｄａｓｓａｙｏｆｍｕｔａｎｔｓ…     

Role of Arg163 in the N-glycosidase activity of neo-trichosanthin

Three mutant crystals of neo-trichosanthin (n-TCS), R163K, R163H and R163Q, were obtained by the hanging drop vapor diffusion method. Structure determination indicated that there are no significant differences between the mutants and n-TCS except in the active pocket. All of them were also soaked in sodium citrate buffer (pH 4. 5) containing 20% KCl and 10 mg/ml AMP. Structure determination suggests that in the active pocket of the crystals of R163K and R163H, parallel to the aromatic ring of Tyr70, each mutant possesses an adenine. The relationship between structure and function is discussed. Biochemical analysis reveals that the mutants R163K and R163H have N-glycosidase activity, while R163Q does not. This suggests that R163 is a crucial residue for the enzyme activity of n-TCS, and its role is providing proton.     

天花粉蛋白Glu189在N-糖苷酶活性中的作用

培养了(E160A,E189A)TCS(天花粉蛋白)的单晶。用浸泡法得到了(E160A,E189A)TCS与Ade复合物的晶体。在MarResearch面探测器系统上分别收集了均为0.20nm分辨率的X射线衍射数据,数据处理用MarScale程序系统完成。用同晶差值Fourier法解析了(E160A,E189A)TCS和(E160A,E189A)TCS-Ade的晶体结构,结构修正利用X-PLOR程序.修正结果,晶体学R因子分别为0.180、0.184,键长和键角的RMS偏差分别为0.0012nm和2.566°、0.0012nm和2.622°。在(E160A,E189A)TCS-Ade中,Ade仍结合在N-糖苷酶活性口袋之中,它夹在Tyr70和Tyr111两个侧链环之间,与Tyr70环近乎平行。这一结果表明:TCS中的Glu160和Glu189同时突变成Ala,仍能与AMP发生N-糖苷酶反应.前文已经证明在(E160A)TCS中Glu189没有援救作用。目前,没有发现Glu189对TCS与AMP的直接作用,但Glu189与其它残基的协同作用及其在TCS与rRNA作用中扮演什么角色,尚待进一步研究。     

天花粉蛋白与FMP复合物的晶体结构

用浸泡法得到了天花粉蛋白（ＴＣＳ）与ＦＭＰ复合物的晶体,在ＳＩＭＥＮＮＳＸ－２００Ｂ面探测器系统上收集了一套２．０分辨率的Ｘ射线衍射数据。用同晶差值傅立叶法解析了复合物的结构,经Ｘ—ＰＬＯＲ程序修正得到了ＴＣＳ—ＦＭＰ复合物的分子结构并找出了１９７个水分子,最后的Ｒ因子为０．１７２,键长和键角的ＲＭＳ偏差分别为０．０１５和２．９２２度。ＴＣＳ—ＦＭＰ复合物中,ＦＭＰ与天花粉蛋白分子有较好的结合,其结合位置正处于根据三维结构和突变体信息推测的Ｎ一糖苷酶活性口袋之中。它的类嘌呤环夹在Ｙ７０和Ｙ１１１两个侧链环之间,与Ｙ７０环近乎平行,其Ｎ７和Ｎ６分别与ＴＣＳ分子的Ｇ１０９４羰基氧和Ｉ７１的Ｎ成氢键,Ｎ３靠近Ｒ１６３的侧链,其磷酸根则伸向活性口袋的底部,与Ｅ１８９、Ｅ１６０和Ｒ１６３等残基作用。     

Substrate binding and catalysis in trichosanthin occur in different sites as revealed by the complex structures of several E85 mutants

Trichosanthin (TCS) is a type I ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) which possesses rRNA N-glycosidase activity. In recent years, its immunomodulatory, anti-tumor and anti-HIV properties have been revealed. Here we report the crystal structures of several E85 mutant TCS complexes with adenosine-5'-monophosphate (AMP) and adenine. In E85Q TCS/AMP and E85A TCS/AMP, near the active site of the molecule and parallel to the aromatic ring of Tyr70, an AMP molecule is bound to the mutant without being hydrolyzed. In the E85R TCS/adenine complex, the hydrolyzed product adenine is located in the active pocket where it occupies a position similar to that in the TCS/NADPH complex. Significantly, AMP is bound in a position different to that of adenine. In comparison with these structures, we suggest that there are at least two subsites in the active site of TCS, one for initial substrate recognition as revealed by the AMP site and another for catalysis as represented by the NADPH site. Based on these complex structures, the function of residue 85 and the mechanism of catalysis are proposed.     

Three-dimensional structure of a mutant ribonuclease T1 (Y45W) complexed with non-cognizable ribonucleotide, 2'AMP, and its comparison with a specific complex with 2'GMP.

The crystal structure of a mutant ribonuclease T1 (Y45W) complexed with a non-cognizable ribonucleotide, 2'AMP, has been determined and refined to an R-factor of 0.159 using X-ray diffraction data at 1.7 A resolution. A specific complex of the enzyme with 2'GMP was also determined and refined to an R-factor of 0.173 at 1.9 A resolution. The adenine base of 2'AMP was found at a base-binding site that is far apart from the guanine recognition site, where the guanine base of 2'GMP binds. The binding of the adenine base is mediated by a single hydrogen bond and stacking interaction of the base with the imidazole ring of His92. The mode of stacking of the adenine base with His92 is similar to the stacking of the guanine base observed in complexes of ribonuclease T1 with guanylyl-2',5'-guanosine, reported by Koepke et al., and two guanosine bases, reported by Lenz et al., and in the complex of barnase with d(GpC), reported by Baudet & Janin. These observations suggest that the site is non-specific for base binding. The phosphate group of 2'AMP is tightly locked at the catalytic site with seven hydrogen bonds to the enzyme in a similar manner to that of 2'GMP. In addition, two hydrogen bonds are formed between the sugar moiety of 2'AMP and the enzyme. The 2'AMP molecule adopts the anti conformation of the glycosidic bond and C-3'-exo sugar pucker, whereas 2'GMP is in the syn conformation with C-3'-endo-C'-2'-exo pucker. The mutation enhances the binding of 2'GMP with conformational changes of the sugar ring and displacement of the phosphate group towards the interior of the catalytic site from the corresponding position in the wild-type enzyme complex. Comparison of two crystal structures obtained provides a solution to the problem that non-cognizable nucleotides exhibit unexpectedly strong binding to the enzyme, compared with high specificity in nucleolytic activity. The results indicate that the discrimination of the guanine base from the other nucleotide bases at the guanine recognition site is more effective than that estimated from nucleotide-binding experiments so far.