鸡传染性支气管炎病毒核蛋白基因在大肠杆菌中的表达及抗原性初步研究

为了研究重组鸡传染性支气管炎病毒核蛋白能否作为群特异性诊断抗原加以应用,将鸡传染性支气管炎病毒国内分离株IBV—LX4核蛋白基因亚克隆于大肠杆菌原核表达载体pPROEX^TM HT中。构建拟表达重组鸡传染性支气管炎病毒核蛋白的重组质粒pPROEX^TM HT—N。经核苷酸序列测定后,阳性质粒转化大肠杆菌DH5α,并进行诱导表达。表达产物经SDS-PAGE、Western blot鉴定,表明核蛋白在大肠杆菌中获得了表达,表达产物是分子量分别为约56kD和45kD的蛋白,其中分子量为56kD的蛋白表达量约为菌体总蛋白的13％。包涵体被6mol盐酸胍裂解后。通过镍离子亲和树脂进行了纯化,并用纯化的分子量为56kD的重组蛋白免疫新西兰白兔,所获得的兔抗鸡传染性支气管炎病毒核蛋白多克隆抗体,分别与不同致病型的鸡传染性支气管炎病毒进行琼脂扩散反应,结果表明。该多克隆抗体可与各不同致病型毒株发生反应。这初步表明重组鸡传染性支气管炎病毒核蛋白。可作为群特异性诊断抗原用于该病毒的诊断中。     

鸡氨肽酶N的高效可溶性表达及生物学功能分析

本研究旨为克隆鸡氨肽酶N(chAPN)基因,高效表达可溶性目的蛋白,并测定其生物学功能。应用RT-PCR方法从鸡胚肾细胞中克隆chAPN的基因片段,经测序鉴定后再克隆至原核表达载体pCOLD-TF,构建重组原核表达质粒pCOLD-TF-chAPN,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中经不同条件诱导表达目的蛋白;利用镍柱亲和层析法纯化可溶性蛋白,并进行SDS-PAGE、Western blotting鉴定;Leu-PNA酶促反应和ELISA等方法检测目的蛋白生物学功能。结果显示,重组质粒pCOLD-TF-chAPN在大肠杆菌中以可溶形式高效表达;酶促反应及ELISA结果显示该蛋白具有酶活性,可结合传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV),并表现为剂量依赖性。这为今后研究chAPN的酶活性、作为IBV受体及抗病毒功能奠定了实验基础。     

传染性支气管炎病毒江苏分离株核蛋白基因序列测定与同源性分析

将本室鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）江苏省地方分离肾型毒株JS／95／03接种鸡胚,分离、纯化病毒,提取单股RNA做为反转录－聚合酶链反应（RT－PCR）的扩增模板。用Genbank公开序列多重比较后设计一对引物,使用单管RT－PCR方法,物异扩增IBV核蛋白（N）基因5'端854bp的片段,扩增产物纯化后测,序列分析表明,IBV N基因也存在较大变异,此毒株与呼吸型疫苗株M41序列同源性最高。     

禽流感病毒M1蛋白的表达及其免疫反应性分析

根据已发表的禽流感病毒M1基因序列设计合成PCR克隆引物,自接种H5N1亚型病毒的鸡胚组织中提取RNA,反转录后采用高可信度DNA聚合酶(PyobestTM DNA Polymerase)经PCR扩增M1基因,采用Invitrogen定向表达系统(ChampionTM pET directional TOPO expression system)进行克隆表达,纯化获得N末端携带多聚组氨酸标签的重组蛋白,分子量约29.8 kDa.采用单克隆抗体和阳性血清经ELISA、阻断ELISA、免疫印迹分析重组蛋白的免疫反应性.结果发现重组M1蛋白能与单克隆抗体和阳性血清发生特异性结合,且此结合能被天然病毒抗原阻断.研究表明重组蛋白M1具有良好免疫反应性.     

禽流感病毒M1蛋白的表达及其免疫反应性分析

根据已发表的禽流感病毒M1基因序列设计合成PCR克隆引物,自接种H5N1亚型病毒的鸡胚组织中提取RNA,反转录后采用高可信度DNA聚合酶(PyobestTMDNA Polymerase)经PCR扩增M1基因,采用Invitrogen定向表达系统(ChampionTMpET directional TOPO expression system)进行克隆表达,纯化获得N末端携带多聚组氨酸标签的重组蛋白,分子量约29.8 kDa。采用单克隆抗体和阳性血清经ELISA、阻断ELISA、免疫印迹分析重组蛋白的免疫反应性。结果发现:重组M1蛋白能与单克隆抗体和阳性血清发生特异性结合,且此结合能被天然病毒抗原阻断。研究表明:重组蛋白M1具有良好免疫反应性。     

传染性支气管炎病毒江苏分离株 核蛋白基因序列测定与同源性分析

将本室鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）江苏省地方分离肾型毒株JS/95/03接种鸡胚,分离、纯化病毒,提取单股RNA做为反转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）的扩增模板。用Genbank公开序列多重比较后设计一对引物,使用单管RT-PCR方法,特异扩增IBV核蛋白（N）基因5'端854 bp的片段。扩增产物纯化后测序,序列分析表明,IBVN基因也存在较大变异,此毒株与呼吸型疫苗株M41序列同源性最高。     

抗禽传染性支气管炎病毒多肽疫苗EpiA免疫原性研究

设计基于B细胞表位和T细胞表位的禽传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)多肽疫苗EpiA,并利用基因工程重组技术将EpiA在大肠杆菌中表达、纯化。ELISA和Western blot法验证其免疫原性后,将重组蛋白配以弗氏佐剂免疫鸡,并以灭活苗、GST和PBS为试验对照组。细胞免疫效应采用流式细胞仪(FACS)对免疫鸡外周血中CD4+ ,CD8+ T淋巴细胞进行计数,IBV特异性抗体采用ELISA法进行检测,并进行攻毒试验。结果显示,成功设计了多肽疫苗EpiA：ELISA和Western blot 证明所表达的融合蛋白能与标准IBV阳性血清产生特异性抗原-抗体反应,而且该融合蛋白能有效激发鸡体特异性体液和细胞免疫,与对照组差异显著(P≤0.01）。攻毒试验表明,多肽疫苗保护率可达73％,大肠杆菌生物合成重组抗IBV多肽疫苗将为IBV疫苗研究制备提供了新的途径。     

传染性支气管炎病毒抗原模拟表位在大肠杆菌鞭毛上的展示

目的：进一步验证通过噬菌体肽库筛选得到的2个传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）抗原模拟表位在脱离噬菌体后仍具有与IBV抗体结合的生物学活性。方法：应用基因工程技术合成2个IBV抗原模拟表位（KSPKHSSSALHF和SIIQMNLHRPTS）的编码碱基序列,将其分别插入质粒pFliTrx,构建重组展示载体p1和p2,并分别转化大肠杆菌G1826,形成展示IBV模拟抗原表位肽的重组菌F1和F2,进行体外抗原抗体反应。结果：体外抗原抗体反应试验表明,重组菌F1与172可以与IBV阳性鸡血清特异性结合。结论：提示得到的2个抗原模拟表位在脱离噬菌体后,仍具有与IBV抗体结合的生物学活性,在研制IBV新型疫苗和诊断试剂方面具有潜在的应用价值。     

嗜热古菌S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶的序列分析、基因克隆与异源表达

将Methanopyrus sp.SNP6进行功能基因组测序,获得S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶基因(sam)序列,并进行序列分析。将sam基因扩增后连接至表达质粒p ET-28b(+),转化E.coli BL21(DE3),获得重组菌后进行诱导表达。生物信息学分析表明,sam基因编码蛋白的理论分子量为44 086.4Da,三级结构为同源四聚体,与其他相关古菌来源的S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶的蛋白序列较保守。实验结果显示,构建的重组表达质粒p ET28b(+)-sam可在E.coli BL21(DE3)宿主菌中高水平表达。重组蛋白的分子量与预期值基本一致,部分为胞内可溶性表达,另一部分以包涵体形式存在。本研究首次实现了Methanopyrus sp.SNP6菌株S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶的异源表达,为后期的蛋白纯化、酶学性质研究和酶促转化法生产S-腺苷甲硫氨酸奠定了理论基础。     

表达禽流感病毒M2基因的重组马立克氏病病毒的构建

将禽流感病毒M2基因克隆于真核表达质粒pIRES-EGFP中,使其位于pCMV启动子的调控下,并与绿色荧光蛋白基因（EGFP）串联后,将上述串联基因插入到含MDV CVI988的非必需区US基因的重组质粒pUS2中,构建带标记的重组质粒,然后将此重组质粒转染感染了MDV CVI988的鸡胚成纤维细胞,利用同源重组的方法,筛选了表达禽流感病毒M2基因的重组病毒MDV1。经PCR、Dot-blotting,Western-blotting等实验的结果表明,禽流感病毒M2基因的确插入到MDV1（CVI988）基因组中并获得表达。重组MDV1免疫1日龄SPF鸡21天后,用ELISA可检测到M2蛋白的特异性抗体。接种了重组病毒rMDV的鸡体内针对H9N2疫苗血凝素的抗体滴度(p<0.05)明显提高,以禽流感病毒AIV A/Chicken/Guangdong/00（H9N2）攻毒后进行病毒重分离试验的结果发现,重组病毒能有效地降低病毒的排出量(p<0.01),说明该重组病毒可以用于防制禽流感的免疫。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.