孕酮和米非司酮对蒙古绵羊输卵管上皮细胞β-防御素mRNA表达的影响

β-防御素(β-defensin)在雌性动物生殖道广泛存在,起免疫防御作用.为了研究孕酮与雌性生殖道β-防御素mRNA表达的关系,本实验建立绵羊(Ovis aries)输卵管上皮细胞培养体系,添加不同浓度孕酮(10~(-6),10~(-7),10~(-8),10~(-9)和10~(-10) mol/L)和孕酮拮抗剂米非司酮后提取细胞总RNA,利用实时定量PCR测定β-防御素mRNA的相对表达量.结果显示,一定浓度的孕酮(10~(-6),10~(-7),10~(-8)和10~(-9) mol/L)对培养的输卵管上皮细胞β-defensin mRNA的表达有促进作用,且不同浓度的孕酮对β-defensin mRNA的表达的影响程度不同.米非司酮极显著抑制了孕酮诱导的β-defemin mRNA的表达.结果表明,孕酮通过与孕酮受体结合促进β-defensin mRNA的表达,推断雌性生理周期下孕酮可能通过作用于β-defensin等影响自身免疫.     

雌二醇对蒙古绵羊输卵管上皮细胞内β-防御素(sBD-1)表达的影响

为了探索雌二醇与β-防御素(sBD-1)表达量的关系,体外模拟蒙古绵羊(Ovis aries)生理周期.用添加雌二醇浓度10-11、10-10、10-9、10-8、10-7、10-6 mol/L的培养液及不添加雌二醇的培养液(即对照组)分别培养蒙古绵羊输卵管上皮细胞,作用24 h、48 h、72 h后,提取细胞总RNA,应用SYBR Green I荧光定量RT-PCR法进行定量分析.结果显示.添加不同浓度雌二醇培养的输卵管上皮细胞中sBD-1的相对表达量0.000 740～0.001 758,与对照组0.000 190之间差异显著(P＜0.05),且小于10-8 mol/L雌二醇添加浓度与sBD-1基因相对表达量变化基本呈正相关.此结果为进一步研究雌激素参与机体防御功能奠定了基础.     

基于Wnt/β-catenin信号通路探讨miR-613对宫颈癌SiHa细胞增殖、迁移与侵袭的影响

摘要 目的：研究基于Wnt/β-catenin信号通路探讨微小RNA（miR）-613对宫颈癌SiHa细胞增殖、迁移与侵袭的影响。方法：体外培养宫颈癌SiHa细胞和正常宫颈上皮细胞H8,检测细胞中miR-613表达。根据转染miR-613 mimic浓度不同,将SiHa细胞分为0 μmol/L组,100 μmol/L和200 μmol/L组。MTT法检测细胞增殖情况,划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力,Transwell实验检测细胞侵袭能力。蛋白免疫印迹法检测miR-613表达对Wnt/β-catenin信号通路蛋白β-catenin、Vimentin、E-cadherin和MMP9表达的影响。结果：宫颈癌SiHa细胞中miR-613表达水平均显著低于正常宫颈上皮细胞H8,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。转染miR-613 mimic后,100 μmol/L、200 μmol/L 组SiHa细胞中miR-613表达水平显著上调,并且具有浓度依赖性(P<0.05)。与0 μmol/L组相比,100 μmol/L、200 μmol/L组的SiHa细胞增殖,迁移,侵袭能力均明显下降,并且具有浓度依赖性(P<0.05)。免疫印迹结果,与0 μmol/L组相比,100 μmol/L、200 μmol/L各浓度组的SiHa细胞Wnt/β-catenin信号通路蛋白β-catenin、Vimentin和MMP9表达显著下调,E-cadherin表达显著上调,并且具有浓度依赖性(P<0.05)。结论：miR-613能通过抑制Wnt/β-catenin信号通路抑制人宫颈癌细胞系SiHa细胞的增殖,迁移和侵袭。     

镉对中国林蛙变态和性腺分化的影响

将发育到26—27期的中国林蛙（Rana chensinensis）共200例蝌蚪分别暴露在0.05、0.1、0.2和0.4 mg/L Cd²⁺的水体中直至完全变态。解剖完全变态后的幼蛙,观察其性腺分辨性别,统计雌性比率。用免疫组织化学方法检测雌激素受体（estrogen receptors,ER）在肝细胞的表达定位。结果显示：①Cd²⁺诱导蝌蚪变态时出现肢体畸形,但畸形率与Cd²⁺处理浓度相关性较低,0.4 mg/L Cd²⁺组肢体畸形率较高。②Cd²⁺影响林蛙幼体的性腺分化。与对照组相比,0.05 mg/L Cd²⁺组的雌性比率明显增大,0.1、0.2和0.4 mg/L Cd²⁺组的雌性比率相对降低,其中0.2 mg/L Cd²⁺组差异显著。在0.2和0.4 mg/L Cd²⁺组中出现个别雌雄同体。 ③ER在Cd²⁺处理组的肝细胞质和细胞核中均有阳性表达,但ER的表达量与Cd²⁺浓度不呈现线性相关。以上结果表明,Cd²⁺可能通过干扰性激素的分泌而影响蝌蚪变态和性腺发育。     

白藜芦醇对猪原代前体脂肪细胞的增殖与分化及Sirtl基因转录表达时序的影响

分别以0μmol/L (对照组)、10μmol/L (低剂量组),20μmol/ L (中等剂量组),50μmol/L, 100μmol/ L (高剂量组)的白藜芦醇（Resveratrol,RES）处理体外培养1～3日龄健康仔猪前体脂肪细胞,采用MTT比色法检测细胞活性及增殖状况;油红O染色化学比色法定量分析细胞内脂肪生成及细胞分化程度;RT-PCR法分析Sirt1 (sirtuin1) mRNA 表达情况,探讨Sirt1对猪前体脂肪细胞增殖分化的影响及其分子机制。结果表明,脂肪细胞经RES处理后,各组MTT和油红O染色测得的光密度值(OD值)均低于对照组, 50μmol/L, 100μmol/L组在96～120h作用极显著(P<0.01),与中低剂量组差异显著(P<0.05);以20μmol/L,100μmol/L RES处理细胞后,Sirt1 mRNA表达量随细胞分化的进行而逐渐升高,100μmol/L组均显著高于对照组和20μmol/L组(P<0.05)。RES对猪前体脂肪细胞增殖分化均有一定抑制作用,高剂量RES (50μmol/L和 100μmol/L)可显著减少细胞内脂肪的合成、抑制脂肪细胞增殖与分化, Sirt1 mRNA表达量显著升高可能是RES抑制细胞分化的重要原因之一。     

地标对犬蝠空间记忆的影响

为了研究地标（landmarks）是否影响犬蝠（Cynopterus sphinx）的空间记忆,我们通过室内模拟试验研究犬蝠和地标在觅食过程中空间记忆形成的关系。实验组按照每天地标数分别为0、2、4、8、0的数目连续进行5天实验,对照组不设地标进行相同条件的实验。结果显示,两组犬蝠第一次取食所用的时间与实验天数之间极显著相关（Pearson Correlations: 实验组r=-0.593, P<0.01;对照组r=-0.581, P<0.01）;实验组取食成功率与实验天数之间无明显相关性（Pearson Correlations: r=0.177, P>0.05）;对照组取食成功率与实验天数之间显著相关（Pearson Correlations: r=0.445, P<0.05）。实验组与对照组犬蝠第一次取食的时间差异不显著（GLM: F_0.05,1=4.703, P>0.05）,两组间取食的成功率差异也不显著（GLM: F_0.05,1=0.849, P>0.05）。这些结果说明了随着时间增加,犬蝠对取食地的空间记忆逐渐形成,放置地标在犬蝠对取食地空间记忆形成的过程中无显著影响。     

醌类光敏剂HA, HB与纳米半导体CdS间的光生电子传递——HA-CdS, HB-CdS复合体光敏还原动力学的EPR研究

根据非均相体系电子传递动力μ =E_s*/s+-E_CB(μ＜0)的原理,构建出相匹配的HA-CdS和HB-CdS复合体(以下简称Hys-CdS,Hys代表HA,HB).在该体系中,¹Hys*向CdS导带传递电子是热力学允许的.通过荧光淬灭实验,测出它们之间的表观结合常数(K_app )分别为940 (mol/L)^-1(HA-CdS),934(mol/L)^-1(HB-CdS),表明Hys与CdS间存在较强烈的吸附效应.荧光寿命测定得¹Hys*向CdS导带传递电子的速率常数K_et分别为5.16×10⁹s^-1(HA-CdS), 5.10×10⁹s^-1(HB-CdS).以一种稳定的氮氧自由基TEMPO(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperdinyloxy)作为电子受体,当它接受一个电子和一个质子,其EPR(electron paramagnetic resonance)信号便会消失,据此,应用消自旋的EPR技术,定量研究了苝醌类光敏剂Hys与纳米半导体CdS间光生电子传递动力学,确定了受Hys光敏化作用的CdS纳米半导体表面光还原速率方程和反应动力学速率常数,结果发现,本体系中TEMPO接受电子的反应级数均为0,而不同于均相体系中的反应级数,特别是在相同可见光照射条件下,通过比较单独的CdS与Hys–CdS复合体的光还原速率常数还发现,后者的光还原效率比前者均大,约为350倍,表明Hys对CdS纳米半导体具有显著的光敏化作用.这提示在太阳能应用中,Hys是一种很有效的光敏化剂.     

血红素加氧酶-1可能经诱导 foxp3+CD4 +CD25 + Treg细胞抑制哮喘气道炎症

血红素加氧酶-1(heme oxygenase-1, HO-1)作为体内保护蛋白, 在哮喘气道炎症中具有显著的抗炎作用. foxp3+CD4 ⁺CD25 ⁺ T调节细胞(T regulatory cells, Treg)是调节性细胞的主要组成部分, 以抑制的方式调控其他效应细胞的活性和功能. IL-10是多种细胞分泌的抗炎细胞因子, 具有免疫抑制功能. 本研究探讨HO-1诱导foxp3 ⁺CD4 ⁺CD25 ⁺ Treg, 增加IL-10分泌以拮抗哮喘气道炎症. 选用磁珠分离CD4⁺CD25⁺ Treg, 含 HO-1 质粒转染或血红素(Hemin)和锡-原卟啉(Sn-protoporphyrin, SnPP)处理, RT-PCR和Western blot方法检测显示Hemin上调HO-1表达, CD4⁺CD25⁺ Tregfoxp3 表达及蛋白水平显著增加, ELISA方法测定上清液IL-10水平明显升高. 卵清蛋白(ovalbumin, OVA)致敏、激发的哮喘小鼠, Hemin上调HO-1表达, 肺和脾脏中foxp3表达及蛋白量亦增加, 血清IL-10增高, 而OVA特异性IgE水平降低. 肺病理组织学检测、支气管肺泡灌洗液(bronchial alveolar lavage fluid, BALF)中细胞总数和嗜酸性粒细胞(eosinophil, EOS)计数均显示炎性细胞尤其是EOS浸润减少; CD4 ⁺CD25 ⁺ Treg功能抑制实验发现, OVA致敏、激发Balb/C小鼠经Hemin干预后, 抑制作用显著增加; SnPP能逆转HO-1作用. IL-10剔除的B6.129P2-Il10^tm1Cgn/J小鼠Treg抑制作用经Hemin干预后仍未改善. 但体内外实验发现TGF-β水平无变化. 本研究表明: HO-1可能经诱导CD4 ⁺CD25⁺ Treg 特异性转录因子foxp3表达, 激活CD4 ⁺CD25 ⁺ Treg, 促进IL-10分泌, 以拮抗哮喘气道炎症.     

胰腺十二指肠同源框-1基因促进大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分化为胰岛样细胞

虽然骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells)具有极强的自我更新能力及多向分化潜能, 但最近发现其体外分化为胰腺内分泌细胞的效率并不高, 不能产生足够用于移植的胰岛样细胞. 胰腺十二指肠同源框-1基因(Pdx-1, pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1)在胰腺胚胎发育和胰岛素基因表达调控方面均具有重要作用, 因此构建含有Pdx-1的真核表达载体, 并使用新型纳米介质Superfect介导重组载体转染BMSCs, 研究Pdx-1表达在BMSCs体外分化为胰岛样细胞中的作用. 结果表明, 转染重组载体后(Pdx-1⁺ BMSCs)分化为胰岛素阳性细胞比例为(28.23±2.56)%, 较转染空白载体和未转染组(Pdx-1-BMSCs)明显增多(分别为(7.08±2.69)%和(4.59±3.02)%); 细胞免疫化学染色显示诱导后细胞表达胰岛素、胰高血糖素和生长抑素蛋白, 而且Pdx-1⁺ BMSCs诱导后表达明显增加, 与Western blotting和RT-PCR结果相似; 葡萄糖诱导的胰岛素分泌量测定显示Pdx-1⁺ BMSCs对不同浓度葡萄糖有不同的胰岛素分泌, 25和5.5 μmol/L葡萄糖刺激后胰岛素分泌量分别为(115.29±2.56)和(56.61± 4.82) μU/mL, 明显高于Pdx-1^- BMSCs分泌量(分别为(53.26±7.56)和(25.53±6.49) μU/mL). Pdx-1⁺ BMSCs分化的细胞同种异体移植后可以恢复糖尿病模型大鼠的血糖水平, 移植物平均存活时间(30.5±15.7)天. 本试验提示大鼠BMSCs体外能分化为胰岛样细胞; Pdx-1能显著增强上述分化能力; BMSCs体外分化的胰岛样细胞移植能改善STZ糖尿病大鼠的生存状态. 这将为糖尿病的治疗提供一条新的途径.     

重组腺病毒介导人肝细胞生长因子在病理性瘢痕基因治疗研究中的应用

采用细胞内质粒DNA同源重组方法, 将人肝细胞生长因子基因构建于E1, E3区缺失的复制缺陷型5型腺病毒载体上, 获得携带人肝细胞生长因子基因(HGF)的重组腺病毒Ad-HGF. 在293细胞中扩增后用氯化铯密度梯度离心法扩增制备Ad-HGF和Ad-GFP(携带绿色荧光蛋白报告基因的重组腺病毒), 然后, 用Ad-GFP和Ad-HGF体外分别转染原代培养的兔耳瘢痕成纤维细胞, 观察体外转染效率及表达, 并以新西兰兔耳瘢痕为体内模型, 观察局部瘢痕组织中一次性注射Ad-HGF后对已形成瘢痕的治疗作用. 结果显示: (ⅰ) Ad-GFP感染原代培养兔瘢痕成纤维细胞后, 3 d时转染效率为(36.8 ± 14.1)%, 并持续表达20 d以上. (ⅱ) 用ELISA方法检测Ad-HGF感染原代培养兔瘢痕成纤维细胞后HGF的表达, 结果感染后3 d表达量约为76 ng/4.0 ´ 105细胞. (ⅲ)用兔耳瘢痕模型观察在瘢痕内注射不同剂量(8.6 ´ 10⁹, 8.6 ´ 10⁸, 8.6 ´ 10⁷, 8.6 ´ 10⁶ pfu)的Ad-HGF, 于注射后第32天肉眼可见Ad-HGF治疗组瘢痕较治疗前明显缩小、变薄, 甚至与周围皮肤在同一水平. 这一效应呈剂量依赖性: 大、中剂量组(8.6 ´ 10⁹, 8.6 ´ 10⁸ pfu)治疗前后瘢痕肥大指数的减少有统计学意义(P<0.05), 尚可见不同程度再生的丛状新生毛, 低剂量组(8.6 ´ 10⁷, 8.6 ´ 10⁶ pfu)治疗后瘢痕肥大指数有减小但无统计学意义, 对照组多数瘢痕大小无明显变化. 光学显微镜观察组织切片显示, 治疗组真皮中纤维组织明显少于对照组, 并可见毛囊及皮脂腺的存在; 天狼猩红染色显示大剂量组创口中胶原纤维薄且稀少, 而低剂量组和对照组创口中仍有丰富的大而粗的Ⅰ型胶原. (ⅳ)治疗兔体内未检测到抗HGF抗体的存在. (ⅴ) 局部应用Ad-HGF所介导的基因只在局部表达, 不累及远隔的器官和组织, 也未见任何毒副作用. 结果提示, 以腺病毒介导人肝细胞生长因子基因治疗病理性瘢痕在整形外科中具有一定的应用前景.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.