甘蔗过氧化氢酶基因的电子克隆及生物信息学分析

应用电子克隆技术,获得甘蔗中一个过氧化氢酶基因的cDNA序列全长,命名为S-CAT。该基因全长2160bp,包含一个1479bp的开放阅读框,编码492个氨基酸。通过PSORT工具,预测甘蔗S-CAT蛋白存在于过氧化物酶体中。同源比对分析显示,S-CAT基因编码的氨基酸序列与水稻、玉米、高粱、朝鲜碱茅、葡萄等植物中过氧化氢酶基因所编码的氨基酸序列高度同源,同源性分别为97%,97%,95%,91%和92%。研究结果为该基因的实验克隆奠定基础。     

茶树胞质型苹果酸脱氢酶的原核表达及生物信息学分析

利用RT-PCR及cDNA末端快速扩增法,获得了完整的茶树细胞质苹果酸脱氢酶(cMDH)基因Cs-cMDH(GonBank登录号为GQ845406).该基因全长1 235 bp,编码332个氨基酸,分子量约为35.5kD.含重组质粒pGEX-MDH的E.coli Rosetta经0.5 mmol·L~(-1) IPTG于32℃诱导3 h后可以获得大量可溶性的61.5 kD融合蛋白.NCBI的BLAST结果显示,Cs-cMDH与高等植物cMDH的氨基酸序列一致性高达88%～93%.通过基于蛋白质结构的多序列比对,预测Cs-cMDH为二聚体,每个亚基包含13个β-折叠及13个a-螺旋.Cs-cMDH包含典型的MDH"指纹"(fingerprint)序列G~(12)AAGQIG~(18),其氨基酸残基D43在所有NAD-MDH中都很保守.Cs-cMDH还包含一些与其它NAD-MDHs同源的保守序列单元,如NAD+结合位点、催化模体及底物结合位点.而且Cs-cMDH还包含在所有植物NAD-cMDHs中都相当保守的6个Cys,因此我们推断Cs-cMDH为茶树细胞质NAD-MDH.茶树基础代谢相关基因cMDH的克隆和原核表达为Cs-cMDH的功能研究奠定了基础.     

甘蔗ATP合酶基因的电子克隆及生物信息学分析

目的:运用电子克隆的方法获得甘蔗中的ATP合酶基因。方法:以小麦中一个ATP合酶基因为种子序列,对甘蔗的EST数据库进行搜索,应用相关软件进行聚类分析、拼接组装和延长。结果:获得一个ATP合酶基因SATPC1的cDNA序列全长,该序列长1 415bp,包含一个完整的1 077bp的ORF,编码358个氨基酸,且与水稻、玉米、高粱和葡萄等其他植物的ATP合酶具有高度的同源性。结论:电子克隆获得的cDNA序列为完整的甘蔗ATP合酶基因全长cDNA。     

天祝白牦牛IGF-2基因的cDNA克隆

旨在克隆天祝白牦牛胰岛素样生长因子2(IGF-2)基因编码区全长cDNA序列,为研究该基因的生理功能奠定基础。运用cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术获得天祝白牦牛IGF-2基因全长cDNA序列。扩增获得天祝白牦牛IGF-2基因全长cDNA序列为1 060 bp(GenBank登录号:KF682139),ORF长540 bp,编码179个氨基酸。其编码的氨基酸与已报道哺乳动物IGF-2氨基酸序列同源性在80%-92%之间。天祝白牦牛IGF-2基因的成功克隆为进一步研究该基因的功能奠定了基础。     

羊草OEE1基因的克隆及盐胁迫下的表达

从羊草(Leymus chinensis )叶片cDNA文库中克隆得到可能编码33 kD的光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)外周蛋白(oxygen-evolving enhancer protein1,OEE1)全长cDNA(GenBank登录号为EF583851),命名为LcOEE1.序列分析结果表明,该cDNA全长1 107 bp,5′非编码区为32 bp,3′非编码区为71 bp,编码区长987 bp,编码328个氨基酸.BALSTp比对发现,该基因氨基酸序列与已报道的小麦和水稻中的OEE1序列具有95%和94%的相似性.聚类分析表明,该基因与小麦和水稻的亲缘关系较近,与拟南芥和菠菜OEE1基因的亲缘关系较远.Northern杂交结果表明,在200 mmol/L的NaCl处理7 d的幼叶中,OEE1 mRNA的表达量明显高于未处理的对照,说明羊草中OEEl基因受盐诱导.     

香蕉MaCAM基因克隆及表达分析

从香蕉根的cDNA文库中获得了一段香蕉钙调蛋白基因的片段,采用RACE技术获得其全长,命名为MaCAM。该基因全长845bp,编码149个氨基酸。生物信息学分析表明,该蛋白属稳定蛋白,其等电点为4.12,有2个保守的EFh功能结构域。与已知植物的钙调蛋白基因相比,一致性达90%以上。其中与粳稻、油棕、胡萝卜、甘蔗的CAM编码的氨基酸序列的一致性分别为99.33%、96.71%、98.00%、98.66%。系统进化树比对分析显示,香蕉与甘蔗的亲缘关系最为密切。器官特异性分析表明,MaCAM在香蕉的根、球茎、叶片、花和果实中均有所表达,在根中表达量最高,花中次之,而在叶片中的表达量最低。     

甘蔗细胞色素C基因的电子克隆与分析

以甘蔗类似细胞色素C的EST序列CF576943.1为探针,通过电子克隆技术获得了甘蔗细胞色素C基因（Cytochrome C,Cyt C）的一条cDNA全长序列,命名为ScCyt C.用生物信息学方法对该基因氨基酸序列与组成、亚细胞定位、跨膜区与信号肽、疏水性/亲水性、蛋白质二、三级结构以及功能等进行分析与预测.结果表明：Cyt C基因全长1 073 bp,编码112个氨基酸,该基因位于细胞质,为非分泌型蛋白,无规卷曲为主要二级结构原件,含有1个保守功能域,主要功能为翻译并且在不同植物中具有高度保守性.电子表达分析结果显示,该基因在甘蔗各个组织均有表达,其中在茎和根中的表达量比其他组织类型中表达量高,此外,该基因的表达可能受到低温的调控.为甘蔗细胞色素C基因的结构及其功能的研究奠定了一定的基础.     

牛Irak-1基因的电子克隆及生物信息学分析

电子克隆提供了一种利用基因组数据库克隆新基因全长cDNA序列的策略。利用小鼠Irak-1基因编码序列(NM_008363)为种子序列进行电子克隆获得了牛Irak-1基因完整编码序列。然后,用生物信息学方法分析了该基因的结构,微卫星位点,密码子偏性和氨基酸的同源性等。结果表明:该基因cDNA全长2 645bp,无内含子,最大开放阅读框2 157bp,编码718个氨基酸,与小鼠的同源性为77%。     

甘蔗液泡ATP酶C亚基基因克隆及序列分析

根据筛选文库时获得的EST序列信息,利用RACE技术分离了一个甘蔗ATP酶C亚基基因,命名为ShVHA-C。该基因cDNA全长1 312 bp,含有1 056 bp的完整阅读框架,编码351个氨基酸。序列比对及结构预测分析表明,ShVHA-C编码的氨基酸序列与水稻、小麦、苜蓿、绿豆和蓖麻中相应基因氨基酸序列的一致性分别达到94.10%、93.22%、91.15%、91.15%和91.74%,与水稻一致性最高。在整个二级结构中,含有233个α-螺旋(alpha helix),占66.38%;含有5个延伸链(extended strand),占1.42%;含有113个无规则卷曲(random coil),占32.19%。此蛋白不具有导肽。整个多肽链表现为亲水性,没有明显的疏水区域,初步认为甘蔗ShVHA-C编码蛋白是亲水性蛋白。     

斜带石斑鱼2种胰脂肪酶基因全长cDNA序列的克隆与分析

利用RT-PCR和RACE方法克隆得到斜带石斑鱼（Epinephelus coioides）肝胰脏中胆盐活化的胰脂肪酶(bile salt-activated lipase,BSAL)和依赖于辅酶的胰脂肪酶(colipase-dependent pancreatic lipase,PL)基因的全长cDNA序列.BSAL基因全长cDNA序列1 796 bp,编码558个氨基酸,该蛋白序列含有BSAL的全部特征结构区,与其他脊椎动物BSAL的氨基酸序列同源性为49.9%～57.3%.PL基因的全长cDNA序列1 503bp,编码465个氨基酸,该蛋白序列含有PL全部的特征结构区,与其它脊椎动物PL的氨基酸同源性为49.1%～73.9%.系统树分析表明,斜带石斑鱼BSAL和PL与其它物种BSAL、PL和胰脂肪酶相关蛋白(PL-RP)聚于进化树的两个不同分支,属于2种不同的胰脂肪酶.结果证实,在同一鱼类体内也存在BSAL和PL两种胰脂肪酶基因.     

Cloning, sequencing and expression of cDNA encoding growth hormone from Indian catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis)

A tissue-specific cDNA library was constructed using polyA⁺ RNA from pituitary glands of the Indian catfishHeteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) and a cDNA clone encoding growth hormone (GH) was isolated. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers representing the conserved regions of fish GH sequences the 3′ region of catfish GH cDNA (540 bp) was cloned by random amplification of cDNA ends and the clone was used as a probe to isolate recombinant phages carrying the full-length cDNA sequence. The full-length cDNA clone is 1132 bp in length, coding for an open reading frame (ORF) of 603 bp; the reading frame encodes a putative polypeptide of 200 amino acids including the signal sequence of 22 amino acids. The 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions of the cDNA are 58 bp and 456 bp long, respectively. The predicted amino acid sequence ofH. fossils GH shared 98% homology with other catfishes. Mature GH protein was efficiently expressed in bacterial and zebrafish systems using appropriate expression vectors. The successful expression of the cloned GH cDNA of catfish confirms the functional viability of the clone.     

Molecular cloning and characterization of a mannose-binding lectin gene from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinellia cordata</Emphasis>

Using RNA extracted from Pinellia cordata young leaves and primers designed according to the conserved regions of Araceae lectins, the full-length cDNA of Pinellia cordata agglutinin (PCL) was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full-length cDNA of pcl was 1,182 bp and contained a 768 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a lectin precursor of 256 amino acids. Through comparative analysis of pcl gene and its deduced amino acid sequence with those of other Araceae species, it was found that pcl encoded a precursor lectin with signal peptide. PCL is a mannose-binding lectin with three mannose-binding sites. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that pcl is expressed in all tested tissues including leaf, stem and bulbil, but with the highest expression in bulbil. PCL protein was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli with the molecular weight expected.     

茶树CsCBF1基因克隆和转录活性分析

采用RACE技术克隆了一个受冷诱导的茶树CBF基因全长cDNA,命名为CsCBF1(GenBank登录号为EU563238)。CsCBF1cDNA全长序列为1 211bp,开放阅读框编码259个氨基酸。氨基酸序列分析表明,CsCBF1具有CBF家族典型的保守结构域,与其他植物的CBF具有较高的相似性;与拟南芥、辣椒和橡胶树编码的CBF相似性分别为56%、63%和56%。亚细胞定位结果表明,CsCBF1位于细胞核内。分别将10个CsCBF1缺失突变体与GAL4DNA结合域融合的结果显示,CsCBF1的羧基末端酸性结构域(第137位氨基酸至259位氨基酸)在酵母中具有转录激活活性。实时定量RT-PCR分析表明,CsCBF1基因受低温的快速诱导表达。     

Cloning and heterologous expression of nitrate reductase genes from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dunaliella salina</Emphasis>

A cDNA corresponding to the nitrate reductase (NR) gene from Dunaliella salina was isolated by RT-PCR and (5′/3′)-RACE techniques. The full-length cDNA sequence of 3,694 bp contained an open reading frame of 2,703 bp encoding 900 amino acids, a 5′-untranslated region of 151 bp and a 3′-untranslated sequence of 840 bp with a poly (A) tail. The putative gene product exhibited 78%, 65%, 59% and 50% identity in amino acid sequence to the corresponding genes of Dunaliella tertiolecta, Volvox carteri, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and Chlorella vulgaris, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that D. salina NR clusters together with known NR proteins of the green algae. The molecular mass of the encoded protein was predicted to be 99.5 kDa, with an isoelectric point of 8.31. This protein shares common structural features with NRs from higher plants and green algae. The full-length cDNA was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein, and accumulated to up to 21% of total bacteria protein. Recombinant NR protein was active in an enzyme assay, confirming that the cloned gene from D. salina is indeed NR.     

Molecular cloning and characterization of a 2C-methyl-<Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">d</Emphasis>-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase gene from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cephalotaxus harringtonia</Emphasis>

The full-length MECPS cDNA sequence (designated as Chmecps, GenBank Accession No.: DQ415658) was isolated by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) for the first time from Cephalotaxus harringtonia. The full-length cDNA of Chmecps was 1,146 bp containing a 753 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polypeptide of 250 amino acids with a calculated mass of 26.67 kDa and an isoelectric point of 9.35. Comparative and bioinformatics analyses revealed that ChMECPS showed extensive homology with MECPSs from other plant species. Phylogenetic analysis indicated ChMECPS was more ancient than other plant MECPSs. Southern hybridization analysis of the genomic DNA showed that Chmecps was a single copy gene. Tissue expression pattern analysis revealed that ChMECPS expressed strongly in root and leaf, weakly in stem.     

Cloning of a lectin cDNA and seasonal changes in levels of the lectin and its mRNA in the inner bark ofRobinia pseudoacacia

A cDNA clone encoding a lectin was isolated by immunological screening of an expression library prepared from poly(A)⁺ RNA from the inner bark ofRobinia pseudoacacia. The cDNA clone (RBL104) had an open reading frame of 858 bp that encoded a polypeptide with a predicted molecular weight of 31210. This molecular weight corresponded closely to that of a polypeptide immunoprecipitated from products of translationin vitro of the poly(A)⁺ RNA. Thus, RBL104 appeared to be a full-length cDNA. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified lectin protein matched a portion of the predicted amino acid sequence. It appeared that the lectin was synthesized as a precursor that consisted of a putative signal peptide of 31 amino acids and a mature polypeptide of 255 amino acids. Southern blot analysis of the genomic DNA revealed that the lectin was encoded by a small multigene family. The lectin was mostly localized in the axial and ray parenchymal cells of the inner bark. A small amount of lectin was also found in the axial and ray parenchymal cells of the xylem. The lectin accumulated in the inner bark in September, remained at high levels during the winter and disappeared in May. The mRNA for the lectin was detected from August to the following March. The appearance and disappearance of the mRNA were observed prior to those of the lectin protein.     

毛尖紫萼藓抗旱相关基因Gp-LEA的克隆与表达分析

以毛尖紫萼藓干旱cDNA文库中获得的一段与LEA基因同源性较高的EST序列为基础,采用RACE技术分离该基因cDNA全长序列,命名为Gp-LEA。Gp-LEA基因的cDNA全长814bp,开放阅读框456bp,编码含151个氨基酸蛋白质。生物信息学分析结果显示,Gp-LEA蛋白为稳定蛋白,分子质量为16.612kD,理论等电点（pI）为5.06,含有LEA₂功能结构域,不属于跨膜蛋白且不存在信号肽。系统发生分析表明,Gp-LEA基因编码蛋白与花旗松LEA蛋白亲缘关系最近。荧光定量PCR分析显示,Gp-LEA基因在复水和快速干旱模式下均能表达。推测Gp-LEA基因在毛尖紫萼藓的复水和干旱过程中起着重要作用。     

Cloning and sequencing of PR5-like gene from high altitude adapted ecotype of Lepidium latifolium

PR5-like gene (LlPR5) identified from substracted cDNA library of Lepidium latifolium in response to cold stress was characterised. Based on the EST sequence (FG618347) of a cDNA fragment, the full-length cDNA of 1422 bp was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends. This LlPR5 has 931 bp of CDS encoding a protein of 326 amino acids with molecular weight of 34.46 kDa. Phylogenetic and conserved motif analysis reveals that cloned LlPR5 gene of L. latifolium formed cluster with At1g75800 of Arabidopsis thaliana. In silico promoter analysis of homolog of LlPR5 gene from Arabidopsis genome identified cis elements with possible role in regulation of cold/low temperature response in addition to its role in various stresses induced by pathogens in the plants.