SARS冠状病毒NS融合蛋白的重组表达纯化与免疫学性质分析(英文)

刺突蛋白(S)和核心蛋白(N)是SARS冠状病毒的主要结构蛋白.在病毒细胞受体结合和病毒包装过程起重要作用.重组融合表达这2种蛋白具有较高的诊断学价值.对SARS病毒N蛋白和S蛋白氨基酸序列进行计算机分析,选择含有优势抗原表位的N蛋白1～227位氨基酸片段和S蛋白450～650位氨基酸片段,采用序列重叠延伸策略(sequenceoverlappingextension,SOE)构建编码N1227LinkerS450650新型融合蛋白的基因片段,导入原核表达载体,实现融合蛋白在大肠杆菌的高效表达.利用组氨酸标签亲和层析的方法纯化,获得高纯度的融合蛋白.对该融合蛋白的结构特征模拟分析的结果显示,其免疫化学性质均无显著改变.采用ELISA和Western印迹方法对其识别SARS冠状病毒特异性抗体的能力进行初步鉴定,显示该融合蛋白具有较好的抗原性和特异性,可有效特异性地检测恢复期SARS病人血清中抗SARS冠状病毒结构蛋白的抗体,可以作为SARS冠状病毒感染的辅助诊断手段.     

Antigenicity and receptor-binding ability of recombinant SARS coronavirus spike protein

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an emerging infectious disease associated with a novel coronavirus and causing worldwide outbreaks. SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is an enveloped RNA virus, which contains several structural proteins. Among these proteins, spike (S) protein is responsible for binding to specific cellular receptors and is a major antigenic determinant, which induces neutralizing antibody. In order to analyze the antigenicity and receptor-binding ability of SARS-CoV S protein, we expressed the S protein in Escherichia coli using a pET expression vector. After the isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside induction, S protein was expressed in the soluble form and purified by nickel-affinity chromatography to homogeneity. The amount of S protein recovered was 0.2-0.3mg/100ml bacterial culture. The S protein was recognized by sera from SARS patients by ELISA and Western blot, which indicated that recombinant S protein retained its antigenicity. By biotinylated ELISA and Western blot using biotin-labeled S protein as the probe, we identified 130-kDa and 140-kDa proteins in Vero cells that might be the cellular receptors responsible for SARS-CoV infection. Taken together, these results suggested that recombinant S protein exhibited the antigenicity and receptor-binding ability, and it could be a good candidate for further developing SARS vaccine and anti-SARS therapy.     

Immunological, structural, and preliminary X-ray diffraction characterizations of the fusion core of the SARS-coronavirus spike protein

The SARS-CoV spike protein, a glycoprotein essential for viral entry, is a primary target for vaccine and drug development. Two peptides denoted HR-N(SN50) and HR-C(SC40), corresponding to the Leu/Ile/Val-rich heptad-repeat regions from the N-terminal and C-terminal segments of the SARS-CoV spike S2 sequence, respectively, were synthesized and predicted to form trimeric assembly of hairpin-like structures. The polyclonal antibodies produced by recombinant S2 protein were tested for antigenicity of the two heptad repeats. We report here the first crystallographic study of the SARS spike HR-N/HR-C complex. The crystal belongs to the triclinic space group P1 and the data-set collected to 2.98 A resolution showed noncrystallographic pseudo-222 and 3-fold symmetries. Based on these data, comparative modeling of the SARS-CoV fusion core was performed. The immunological and structural information presented herein may provide a more detailed understanding of the viral fusion mechanism as well as the development of effective therapy against SARS-CoV infection.     

Accumulation of recombinant SARS-CoV spike protein in plant cytosol and chloroplasts indicate potential for development of plant-derived oral vaccines

Plants are promising candidates as bioreactors for the production of oral recombinant proteins in the biopharmaceutical industry. As an initial step toward provision of an oral vaccine against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), we have expressed a partial spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV in the cytosol of nuclear-transformed plants and in the chloroplasts of plastid-transformed plants. In the construction of both nuclear and plastid transformation vectors, a 2-kilobase nucleotide sequence encoding amino acids 1-658 of the SARS-CoV spike protein (S1) was modified with nucleotide changes, but not amino acid changes, to optimize codon usage for expression in plants. To investigate the subcellular localization of S1 during transient expression in tobacco leaves, a translational fusion consisting of S1 and the green fluorescent protein (GFP) was generated. Following agroinfiltration of tobacco leaves, analysis by laser confocal scanning microscopy revealed that the S1:GFP fusion protein was localized to the cytosol. In stable transgenic tobacco plants and lettuce plants generated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, tobacco and lettuce leaves were observed to express the S1 at high levels from the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35S promoter with Northern blot analysis. When the S1 was expressed in transplastomic tobacco, S1 messenger RNA and its corresponding protein were detected on Northern and Western blot analyses, respectively. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of producing S1 in nuclear- and chloroplast-transformed plants, indicating its potential in subsequent development of a plant-derived and safe oral recombinant subunit vaccine against the SARS-CoV in edible plants.     

SARS亚基疫苗-突刺蛋白受体结合区RBD在烟草叶绿体中的高效表达

叶绿体表达系统为植物源重组药用蛋白和亚基疫苗的生产提供了一个有效的途径。为验证SARS亚基疫苗在叶绿体中表达的可行性,以及为植物源SARS亚基疫苗的生产提供一套高效、低成本的技术平台,本研究将人工优化合成的SARS-CoV突刺蛋白(S蛋白)受体结合区序列RBD与载体分子CTB融合基因导入烟草叶绿体基因组中。PCR和Southern杂交分析表明,外源融合基因已整合到烟草叶绿体基因组中,并获得同质化。Western杂交分析表明,重组融合蛋白CTB-RBD在叶绿体转基因烟草中获得表达,且主要以可溶性单体形式存在。ELISA分析表明,在不同生长阶段、不同生长部位和不同时间点烟草叶片中,重组融合蛋白CTB-RBD的表达水平呈现明显的变化。重组蛋白在成熟叶片中的表达水平最高可以达到10.2%TSP。本研究通过SARS亚基疫苗RBD在烟草叶绿体中的高效表达,有望为植物源SARS亚基疫苗的生产以及SARS血清抗体的检测提供一个有效的技术平台。     

Antibody responses to individual proteins of SARS coronavirus and their neutralization activities

A novel coronavirus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (SARS-CoV), was identified as the causative agent of SARS. The profile of specific antibodies to individual proteins of the virus is critical to the development of vaccine and diagnostic tools. In this study, 13 recombinant proteins associated with four structural proteins (S, E, M and N) and five putative uncharacterized proteins (3a, 3b, 6, 7a and 9b) of the SARS-CoV were prepared and used for screening and monitoring their specific IgG antibodies in SARS patient sera by protein microarray. Antibodies to proteins S, 3a, N and 9b were detected in the sera from convalescent-phase SARS patients, whereas those to proteins E, M, 3b, 6 and 7a were undetected. In the detectable specific antibodies, anti-S and anti-N were dominant and could persist in the sera of SARS patients until week 30. Among the rabbit antisera to recombinant proteins S3, N, 3a and 9b, only anti-S3 serum showed significant neutralizing activity to the SARS-CoV infection in Vero E6 cells. The results suggest (1) that anti-S and anti-N antibodies are diagnostic markers and in particular that S3 is immunogenic and therefore is a good candidate as a subunit vaccine antigen; and (2) that, from a virus structure viewpoint, the presence in some human sera of antibodies reacting with two recombinant polypeptides, 3a and 9b, supports the hypothesis that they are synthesized during the virus cycle.     

Interactions between M protein and other structural proteins of severe,acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) structural proteins (S, E, M, and NC) localize in different subcellular positions when expressed individually. However, SARS-CoV M protein is co-localized almost entirely with S, E, or NC protein when co-expressed in the cells. On the other hand, only partial co-localization was observed when S and E, S and NC, or E and NC were co-expressed in the cells. Interactions between SARS-CoV M and other structural proteins but not interactions between S and E, S and NC, or E and NC were further demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation assay. These results indicate that SARS-CoV M protein, similar to the M proteins of other coronaviruses, plays a pivotal role in virus assembly. The cytoplasmic C-terminus domain of SARS-CoV M protein was responsible for binding to NC protein. Multiple regions of M protein interacted with E and S proteins. A model for the interactions between SARS-CoV M protein and other structural proteins is proposed. This study helps us better understand protein-protein interactions during viral assembly of SARS-CoV. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Antigenicity and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV S protein receptor-binding domain stably expressed in CHO cells

The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike (S) protein contains multiple conformation-dependent epitopes that induce neutralizing antibody responses. Here we used CHO-K1 cells to establish a cell line for stable expression of a 193-mer (residues 318-510) RBD (RBD193-CHO) and determined its antigenicity and immunogenicity. We found that RBD193-CHO reacted strongly with a panel of six monoclonal antibodies recognizing various conformational and linear epitopes in RBD, suggesting that this recombinant protein maintains intact conformation and good antigenicity. Immunization of mice with RBD193-CHO resulted in induction of high titers of RBD-specific neutralizing antibodies and potent IL-4-expressing T cell responses. RBD193-CHO induced immunity that protected a majority of the vaccinated mice from SARS-CoV challenge. These results suggest that the recombinant RBD produced in an established stable cell line maintains strong immunogenicity with high potential for use as an effective and economic subunit SARS vaccine.     

SARS冠状病毒M蛋白的原核表达及其DNA疫苗构建

为探讨SARS-CoV的M蛋白的免疫学特性以及M蛋白作为SARS-CoV病毒疫苗组分的可行性和必要性.分别用pET-15b和pET-22b在大肠杆菌中表达SARS-CoV的M蛋白,亲和层析纯化后作为抗原应用.同时,将M蛋白的编码基因克隆进分泌型真核表达载体pSecTagB中得到重组质粒pSecM作为DNA疫苗,免疫BALB/c小白鼠、制备SARS-CoV M蛋白的抗血清.并用纯化后的M蛋白建立的SARS-CoV M抗体ELISA检测技术研究所构建的M-DNA疫苗的免疫效果.结果表明:两种重组M蛋白在大肠杆菌中均以可溶性形式得到高效表达,经与华大产的用灭活SARS全病毒制备的SARS-CoV抗体ELISA检测试剂盒比较实验,证明该原核表达的重组M蛋白能与SARS确诊病人血清以及M-DNA免疫鼠血清发生特异性抗原抗体反应.这两种重组M蛋白有可能作为抗原组分用于临床SARS-CoV检测中;所构建的SARS-CoV的M基因核酸疫苗能在小鼠体内产生特异性抗体,提示M蛋白在SARS-CoV疫苗尤其是组分疫苗的研制中应加以考虑,为DNA疫苗的开发提供了依据.     

Production of a soluble and secreted antigenic fragment of HBsAg in yeast.

We have produced a fragment of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) corresponding to amino acids 1-60 as a fusion protein with the alpha mating factor of yeast. The product is secreted from yeast as a soluble monomer that expresses HBsAg antigenicity. Unlike other heterologous fusion proteins, it is not processed by the Lys-Arg endoprotease, possibly due to a proline in the linker between the two coding sequences. The resulting soluble fragment will enable us to map the immunodominant sites of HBsAg recognized by T cells and to identify additional factors contributing to vaccine potency.     

日本血吸虫单性感染雄虫和双性感染雄虫差异表达蛋白的筛选与鉴定

采用双向凝胶电泳和质谱技术对日本血吸虫单性感染雄虫和双性感染雄虫蛋白质表达谱进行分析，并在mRNA水平进行验证；观察差异表达SJCHGC蛋白重组真核表达质粒pEGFP-C1/SJCHGC在COS-7细胞中的表达和亚细胞定位，并分析其表达产物的抗原性. 成功鉴定了9个日本血吸虫雌雄合抱差异表达蛋白，其中在日本血吸虫雄虫合抱前表达上调的蛋白质有6个；而有3个蛋白质在日本血吸虫雄虫合抱后表达明显上调. 大多数差异蛋白功能涉及血吸虫的生长发育、生殖、营养、运动、信号传递等过程. 重组质粒pEGFP-C1/SJCHGC 融合基因真核表达载体在真核细胞COS-7中获得了表达,可用荧光显微镜直接观察其表达情况及亚细胞定位,细胞所表达的融合蛋白具有血吸虫抗原性. 研究结果为揭示日本血吸虫雌雄合抱机制、研制抗血吸虫雌雄合抱疫苗提供了理论依据.     

重组SARS冠状病毒M蛋白的表达、纯化及鉴定

SARS冠状病毒是人的严重急性呼吸综合征的病原体。根据对其他种类冠状病毒的研究结果 ,膜蛋白 (M蛋白 )是病毒主要的结构蛋白 ,重组M蛋白可被用来作为抗原检测对应冠状病毒的感染和制备疫苗。SARS病毒M蛋白基因克隆到原核表达载体pMAL cRI中 ,利用N端和C端分别融合麦芽糖结合蛋白 (maltosebindingprotein和MxeGyrAinteinCBD的策略 ,在大肠杆菌中初步表达了重组M蛋白 ,并通过Western印迹和质谱对蛋白质进行了鉴定。重组蛋白质经亲和层析得到了部分纯化 ,纯化后的蛋白质将用于功能研究与诊断试剂盒的研制。     

Enhanced Expression and Purification of Membrane Proteins by SUMO Fusion in Escherichia coli

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) membrane protein and 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) are among a large number of membrane proteins that are poorly expressed when traditional expression systems and methods are employed. Therefore to efficiently express difficult membrane proteins, molecular biologists will have to develop novel or innovative expression systems. To this end, we have expressed the SARS-CoV M and FLAP proteins in Escherichia coli by utilizing a novel gene fusion expression system that takes advantage of the natural chaperoning properties of the SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) tag. These chaperoning properties facilitate proper protein folding, which enhances the solubility and biological activity of the purified protein. In addition to these advantages, we found that SUMO Protease 1, can cleave the SUMO fusion high specificity to generate native protein. Herein, we demonstrate that the expression of FLAP and SARS-CoV membrane proteins are greatly enhanced by SUMO fusions in E. coli.     

Identification of immunodominant linear B-cell epitopes within the major outer membrane protein of Chlamydia trachomatis

Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted pathogens. Chlamydial major outer membrane protein (MOMP) can induce strong cellular and humoral immune responses in murine models and has been regarded as a potential vaccine candidate. In this report, the amino acid sequence of MOMP was analyzed using computer-assisted techniques to scan B-cell epitopes, and three possible linear B-cell epitopes peptides (VLKTDVNKE, TKDASIDYHE, TRLIDERAAH) with high predicted antigenicity and high conservation were investigated. The DNA coding region for each potential epitope was cloned into pET32a(+) and expressed as Trx-His-tag fusion proteins in Escherichia coli. The fusion proteins were purified by Ni-NTA agarose beads and followed by SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis. We immunized mice with these three fusion proteins. The sera containing anti-epitope antibodies from the immunized mice could recognize C. trachomatis serovars D and E in ELISA. Antisera of these fusion proteins displayed an inhibitory effect on invasion of serovar E by in vitro neutralization assays. In addition, serum samples from convalescent C. trachomatis-infected patients were reactive with the epitope fusion proteins by western blot assay. Our results showed that the epitope sequences selected by bioinformatic analysis are highly conserved C. trachomatis MOMP B-cell epitopes, and could be good candidates for the development of subunit vaccines, which can be used in clinical diagnosis.     

High yields of stable and highly pure nucleocapsid proteins of different hantaviruses can be generated in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Recently, the high-level expression of authentic and hexahistidine (His)-tagged Puumala (strain Vranica/H?lln?s) hantavirus nucleocapsid protein derivatives in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been reported [Dargeviciute et al., Vaccine, 20 (2002) 3523-3531]. Here we describe the expression of His-tagged nucleocapsid proteins of other Puumala virus strains (Sotkamo, Kazan) as well as Dobrava (strains Slovenia and Slovakia) and Hantaan (strain Fojnica) hantaviruses using the same system. All nucleocapsid proteins were expressed in the yeast S. cerevisiae at high levels. The nucleocapsid proteins can be easily purified by nickel chelate chromatography; the yield for all nucleocapsid proteins ranged from 0.5 to 1.5 mg per g wet weight of yeast cells. In general, long-term storage of all nucleocapsid proteins without degradation can be obtained by storage in PBS at -20 degrees C or lyophilization. The nucleocapsid protein of Puumala virus (strain Vranica/H?lln?s) was demonstrated to contain only traces of less than 10 pg nucleic acid contamination per 100 microg of protein. The yeast-expressed nucleocapsid proteins of Hantaan, Puumala and Dobrava viruses described here represent useful tools for serological hantavirus diagnostics and for vaccine development.     

SARS-CoV N蛋白与人冠状病毒HCoV-OC43和HCoV-229E的交叉反应表位及特异表位的确定

为确定SARS-CoV N蛋白的特异抗原表位,对3种人冠状病毒SARS-CoV、HCoV-OC43和HCoV-229E N蛋白之间的交叉免疫反应进行了系统研究。构建了分别表达SARS-CoV、HCoV-OC43和HCoV-229E N蛋白的重组痘苗病毒,并制备了相应的小鼠免疫血清。用间接免疫荧光方法,检测了3种N蛋白的表达及其与3种冠状病毒免疫动物血清和SARS病人恢复期血清之间的反应。与此同时,用Western blot方法分析了原核表达的39个不同区段的SARS-CoV N蛋白与3种冠状病毒动物免疫血清和SARS病人恢复期血清之间的交叉反应性。免疫荧光检测结果表明,SARS-CoV、HCoV-OC43和HCoV-229E3种病毒的N蛋白在重组痘苗病毒感染的HeLa细胞中均可以特异表达;3种N蛋白之间存在明显交叉免疫反应。Western blot结果显示,SARS-CoV N蛋白的表位主要位于30~60aa、170~184aa、301~320aa和360~422aa;与HCoV-OC43的交叉反应表位主要位于30~60aa、90~120aa、204~214aa和320~360aa;与HCoV-229E的交叉反应表位主要位于30~60aa、150~160aa和301~360aa。含SARS-CoV N蛋白特异表位的重组肽N155b(60~214aa)和N185(30~214aa)只与SARS病人恢复期血清和灭活SARS-CoV免疫小鼠的血清反应,而不与灭活HCoV-OC43和HCoV-229E免疫的山羊血清产生交叉反应。上述结果为使用SARS-CoV N蛋白抗原进行特异诊断试剂的研究,提供了重要的实验依据。     

Cell surface display of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus hemagglutinin on the surface of Pichia pastoris cells using α‐agglutinin for production of oral vaccines

Yeast is an ideal organism to express viral antigens because yeast glycosylate proteins more similarly to mammals than bacteria. Expression of proteins in yeast is relatively fast and inexpensive. In addition to the convenience of production, for purposes of vaccination, yeast has been shown to have natural adjuvant activity making the expressed proteins more immunogenic when administered along with yeast cell wall components. Development of genetic systems to display foreign proteins on the surface of yeast via fusion to glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored (GPI) proteins has further simplified the purification of recombinant proteins by not requiring harsh treatments for cellular lysis or protein purification. We have expressed the hemagglutinin protein from a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus [A/Egret/HK/757.2/02], subtype H5N1, on the surface of the yeast strain Pichia pastoris, as an anchored C‐terminal fusion with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GPI‐anchored cell wall protein, α‐agglutinin. Surface expression of the hemagglutinin fusion protein was demonstrated by immunofluorescence microscopy. Functionally, the fusion protein retained hemagglutinin agglutinating activity, and oral vaccination with the yeast resulted in production of virus neutralizing antibodies. This study represents the first steps in the generation of a yeast‐based vaccine for protection against highly pathogenic strains of avian influenza. Published 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010     

Antigenic and immunogenic characterization of recombinant baculovirus-expressed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein: implication for vaccine design

The spike (S) glycoprotein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) mediates the receptor interaction and immune recognition and is considered a major target for vaccine design. However, its antigenic and immunogenic properties remain to be elucidated. In this study, we immunized mice with full-length S protein (FL-S) or its extracellular domain (EC-S) expressed by recombinant baculoviruses in insect cells. We found that the immunized mice developed high titers of anti-S antibodies with potent neutralizing activities against SARS pseudoviruses constructed with the S proteins of Tor2, GD03T13, and SZ3, the representative strains of 2002 to 2003 and 2003 to 2004 human SARS-CoV and palm civet SARS-CoV, respectively. These data suggest that the recombinant baculovirus-expressed S protein vaccines possess excellent immunogenicity, thereby inducing highly potent neutralizing responses against human and animal SARS-CoV variants. The antigenic structure of the S protein was characterized by a panel of 38 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) isolated from the immunized mice. The epitopes of most anti-S MAbs (32 of 38) were localized within the S1 domain, and those of the remaining 6 MAbs were mapped to the S2 domain. Among the anti-S1 MAbs, 17 MAbs targeted the N-terminal region (amino acids [aa] 12 to 327), 9 MAbs recognized the receptor-binding domain (RBD; aa 318 to 510), and 6 MAbs reacted with the C-terminal region of S1 domain that contains the major immunodominant site (aa 528 to 635). Strikingly, all of the RBD-specific MAbs had potent neutralizing activity, 6 of which efficiently blocked the receptor binding, confirming that the RBD contains the main neutralizing epitopes and that blockage of the receptor association is the major mechanism of SARS-CoV neutralization. Five MAbs specific for the S1 N-terminal region exhibited moderate neutralizing activity, but none of the MAbs reacting with the S2 domain and the major immunodominant site in S1 showed neutralizing activity. All of the neutralizing MAbs recognize conformational epitopes. These data provide important information for understanding the antigenicity and immunogenicity of S protein and for designing SARS vaccines. This panel of anti-S MAbs can be used as tools for studying the structure and function of the SARS-CoV S protein.     

Expression and purification of SARS coronavirus proteins using SUMO-fusions

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) proteins belong to a large group of proteins that is difficult to express in traditional expression systems. The ability to express and purify SARS-CoV proteins in large quantities is critical for basic research and for development of pharmaceutical agents. The work reported here demonstrates: (1) fusion of SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier), a 100 amino acid polypeptide, to the N-termini of SARS-CoV proteins dramatically enhances expression in Escherichia coli cells and (2) 6x His-tagged SUMO-fusions facilitate rapid purification of the viral proteins on a large scale. We have exploited the natural chaperoning properties of SUMO to develop an expression system suitable for proteins that cannot be expressed by traditional methodologies. A unique feature of the system is the SUMO tag, which enhances expression, facilitates purification, and can be efficiently cleaved by a SUMO-specific protease to generate native protein with a desired N-terminus. We have purified various SARS-CoV proteins under either native or denaturing conditions. These purified proteins have been used to generate highly specific polyclonal antibodies. Our study suggests that the SUMO-fusion technology will be useful for enhancing expression and purification of the viral proteins for structural and functional studies as well as for therapeutic uses.     

流行性感冒病毒M2蛋白可溶性表达及其免疫原性的研究

流行性感冒（流感）的M2蛋白是其保护性抗原之一,在几科所有甲型流感病毒中高度保守,因此可以用来研究具有交叉保护能力的流感疫苗。然而M2分子在病毒颗粒中含量非常少,用从病毒中纯化的方法很难获得足够的免疫原。在原核表达时发现,M2蛋白对宿主菌具有很强的毒性作用,导至其死亡,因此很难获得高表达。在本研究中,采用RT－PCR方法从病毒感染的MDCK细胞中克隆了A1／PR／8／34毒株的M2基因,然后通过基因工程手段缺失了M2蛋白的跨膜区26－55位氨基酸的编码序列,将其克隆以pET-32a中,与硫氧还蛋白融合,在大肠杆菌中获得了高效表达,并且表达产物以可溶形式存在,不形成包涵体。利用硫酸铵盐析结合金属离子鏊和柱亲和层析的方法纯化了表达的融合蛋白。免疫荧光实验表明,融合蛋白免疫小鼠后产生的抗血清能够与流感病毒感染的细胞发生特异性的结合,证明表达产物具有流感病毒M2蛋白的抗原性。