宽叶缬草DNA的提取及正交优化RAPD反应体系

[目的]确定适合宽叶缬草RAPD分析的DNA提取方法以及建立最佳RAPD反应体系。[方法]比较宽叶缬草基因组DNA的两种提取方法(经典CTAB法、试剂盒法);采用正交设计L16(45),针对Taq DNA聚合酶浓度,d NTP浓度,Mg2+浓度,引物浓度,DNA模板浓度进行RAPD扩增,确立最佳RAPD反应体系。[结果]综合比较,试剂盒法较适合宽叶缬草基因组DNA提取;25μl最适宽叶缬草RAPD反应体系为:2.0 U Taq DNA聚合酶、0.4 mmol/L d NTP、4.0 mmol/L Mg2+、4.0μmol/L随机引物、60 ng模板DNA、2.5μl 10×buffer。[结论]试剂盒DNA提取法和正交优化的反应体系适用于宽叶缬草的RAPD分析,为进一步研究黔产宽叶缬草药材遗传多样性奠定了基础。     

桔梗RAPD反应体系的优化

以通化桔梗为材料,用改进的CTAB法提取桔梗叶片的总DNA,通过对不同镁离子浓度、dNTP浓度、模板DNA含量、引物浓度、DNA聚合酶量条件下的RAPD扩增反应的效果,建立了一个适合桔梗的比较稳定的RAPD反应体系,用于桔梗遗传多样性分析。结果表明,桔梗RAPD扩增反应的最佳体系为:模板DNA20ng,dNTP150μmol/L,引物0.3μmol/L,Mg2+浓度2.0mmol/L,TaqDNA聚合酶1Unit,10×Buff-er2.0μL,PCR反应总体积为20μL。按此优化RAPD条件进行实验,重现性良好。     

曼地亚红豆杉RAPD反应体系与程序的优化

以曼地亚红豆杉为研究对象,采用L16(45)正交组合实验和单因素梯度实验对MgCl2、dNTP、随机引物、Taq酶、模板DNA浓度和退火温度、循环次数等影响RAPD扩增的重要因素进行优化,以期建立最优的RAPD反应体系与程序。实验结果表明,各因素最适条件为:25μLPCR反应体系中10×Buffer2.5μL,MgCl21.5mmol/L,dNTP0.2mmol/L,随机引物0.6μmol/L,Taq酶1.0U,模板DNA80ng;退火温度为37℃,循环次数为45次。     

白色念珠菌RAPD反应体系优化的研究

建立白色念珠菌RAPD的最佳反应体系,并应用于其基因组DNA扩增。通过单因子试验分别研究了Mg^2＋、dNTPs、Taq酶、引物和模板DNA等浓度对RAPD反应的影响;同时,应用L16（4^5）正交试验研究了DNA模板、Mg^2＋、Taq酶、dNTPs和引物浓度对RAPD反应的影响。以条带稳定、丰富、清晰为标准,获得了白色念珠菌基因组DNA的RAPD扩增优化条件;对于白色念珠菌的最适RAPD反应体系为Mg^2＋1．5mmol／L、dNTPs250μmol／L、引物0．6μmol／L、模板100ng／25μL、TaqDNA聚合酶1．5U／25μL。     

红曲菌基因组DNA提取及RAPD反应体系优化

为了建立一套适合红曲属真菌RAPD反应的优化体系,用改进的CTAB法提取红曲菌基因组DNA,采用单因素试验探讨RAPD反应体系中模板DNA、随机引物、Taq酶、Mg^2＋、dNTPs对扩增结果的影响。结果在20μL体积中,模板DNA20 ng、随机引物0、2μmol/L、Taq酶、Mg^2＋1.5mmol/L,dNTPs 1mmol/L的反应体系可得到稳定清晰的RAPD扩增图谱,为采用RAPD技术进行红曲菌种质资源遗传多样性研究奠定基础。     

冬瓜和节瓜DNA提取及RAPD反应体系优化

以8份冬瓜和节瓜为材料,采用改良CTAB法提取基因组DNA,采用正交试验设计,对冬瓜和节瓜RAPD条件进行了优化,建立了最佳反应体系:25μL反应体系中含1×buffer,模板DNA、Mg2+、dNTPs、引物和Taq酶的浓度分别为20 ng、2.0mmol/L、0.24 mmol/L、0.3μmol/L和1.0 U。PCR扩增程序为:94℃预变性5 min;94℃变性45 s,36.9℃退火45 s,72℃延伸1.5min,共40个循环;72℃延伸10 min,12℃保存。     

苏铁属植物RAPD反应体系的优化及部分种类亲缘关系的探索

通过优化苏铁属植物的RAPD反应体系,进而探讨苏铁属部分种类的亲缘关系。结果表明,Mg~(2+)、dNTP、Taq酶及随机引物浓度在RAPD反应中有重要影响,而模板DNA浓度有一个很大的适应范围。适合苏铁属植物RAPD分析的反应体系:20μL反应体系中,含有10 mmol/L Tris-HCl(pH8.3)、50 mmol/L KCl、2.0mmol/L MgCl_2、200μmol/L dNTP、0.3μmol/L随机引物、模板DNA 50ng、Taq酶1.0 U。聚类分析结果基本反应了苏铁属各个种间的亲缘关系,证明了RAPD适用于苏铁属种间亲缘关系分析。RAPD聚类分析结合形态学研究表明:海南苏铁、台湾苏铁、广东苏铁、滇南苏铁和仙湖苏铁之间的亲缘关系较远,支持各自成为独立的种。     

荔枝DNA提取及RAPD扩增条件优化

为应用RAPD技术开展对荔枝种质资源的分析,以S43(GTCGCCGTCA)为引物,通过试验设计,分别研究了退火温度、模板浓度、引物浓度、dNTP浓度、Taq DNA聚合酶用量对荔枝RAPD-PCR反应的影响。建立并优化了适宜荔枝RAPD分析的扩增体系:20μL的反应体系,30ng的模板DNA度,0.25μmol/LRAPD引物、1.0UTaqDNA聚合酶,0.2μmol/LdNTP为荔枝适宜的RAPD-PCR扩增条件。     

正交试验优化八角ISSR-PCR反应体系

利用正交试验设计研究Taq DNA聚合酶、DNA模板、引物(UBC 886)、dNTP、Mg2+浓度5个因素对云南八角ISSR-PCR反应的影响,建立其最佳反应体系。结果表明:25μL的反应体系中5个因子的最佳水平为:Mg2+3 mmol/L、Taq DNA聚合酶0.5 U、DNA模板0.016 ng、引物0.8μmol/L、dNTPs 0.2 mmol/L。PCR最佳反应程序为:94℃预变性5 min;94℃变性30 s,46℃退火45 s,72℃延伸1 min,40次循环;72℃最后延伸7 min,4℃保存。     

散斑壳属真菌RAPD-PCR反应条件的优化

以分离自四川省二郎山林场云南松上的松针散斑壳菌(Lophodermium pinastri)为材料,提取其总基因组DNA做为RAPD-PCR体系优化的模板。研究了dNTPs、Mg~(2+)、DNA模板、Taq酶、引物等组分对RAPD反应结果的影响,并建立了最佳反应体系:25μL PCR反应体积,10×Taq酶缓冲液2．5μL,1．5 U Taq酶,20 ng DNA模板,0．4 mmol/L dNTPs,4．0 mmol/L Mg~(2+),0．48μmol/L引物,10．2μL ddH_2O。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation