伪品乌梢蛇PCR鉴别和蛇种溯源调查

目的利用基因序列同源性分析的方法对伪品乌梢蛇蛇种溯源调查。方法 (1)用PCR的方法对供试品进行鉴别;(2)利用通用引物扩增乌梢蛇对照药材和供试品COⅠ基因,将PCR产物进行测序,测序结果在NCBI进行BLAST序列同源性比对分析。结果 (1)在与对照药材凝胶电泳图谱300～400 bp处,无DNA条带,200～300 bp处有DNA条带;(2)基因序列同源性比对结果显示,对照药材为乌梢蛇,两个供试品均为灰鼠蛇。结论用PCR方法鉴别乌梢蛇是一种准确、客观的方法。利用COⅠ基因通用引物扩增的PCR产物进行测序和序列同源性比对,可以对蛇种进行溯源调查。     

基于虫菌双重PCR快速鉴别冬虫夏草

为了快速准确的鉴别冬虫夏草(Chinese cordyceps)及其混淆品,基于冬虫夏草虫体部分含有寄主昆虫和寄生菌基因组DNA,以寄主昆虫细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(COⅠ)基因及冬虫夏草菌rDNA ITS区设计特异引物(CC-2F/CC-2R,DCF4/R4),通过对双重特异性聚合酶链式反应(PCR)进行优化,结果成功从冬虫夏草虫体部分扩增出220 bp和146 bp 2条特异性条带,而其混淆品无目标条带或部分条带缺失。不同模板稀释倍数考察结果表明该方法灵敏度较高,对冬虫夏草样品检测具有稳定的特异性,且能够快速鉴别冬虫夏草真伪,为冬虫夏草产品质量评价的提升提供了支持。     

采用随机引物组合对绞股蓝作RAPD分析及SCAR鉴定

为寻找简单、可重复的分子鉴定方法,对绞股蓝（Gynostemma pentaphyllum（Thunb．）Makino）新鲜品、药材干品及其混淆品乌蔹莓（Cayratia japonica（Thunb．）Gagnep）进行了鉴定。首先从2000余条10碱基的随机引物中筛选出20条,并以5条为1组随机分成4组,然后采用RAPD方法对7份不同来源的绞股蓝新鲜品进行扩增,对扩增得到的绞股蓝特征条带进行基因克隆、测序,分析序列特征,再设计特异性引物,最后．用绞股蓝新鲜品、药材干品及其混淆品乌蔹莓等样品进行PCR验证。结果显示：RAPD扩增能够得到7份绞股蓝新鲜品重复的共有特征条带;经基因克隆、测序并设计特异性引物后进行PCR验证,获得了绞股蓝特异序列扩增区域标志（Sequence—characterized amplified region maker,SCAR）。初步建立了区分绞股蓝及其混淆品乌蔹莓的分子鉴定标准,并首次将SCAR应用于绞股蓝分子鉴定中。     

简述石斛及其伪品、混淆品的鉴别

石斛是我国古代文献中最早记载的兰科植物之一。其性昧甘淡微咸，性属清润，清中有补，补中有清。具有生津养胃，滋阴清热，润肺益肾，明目强腰之功效。石斛以其特殊的功效被世人视为中华仙草之最，它一直和灵芝、人参、冬虫夏草等被对为上品中药。但由于市场上伪品、混淆品众多，为了用药安全，现将正品石斛及伪品、混淆品的比较鉴别如下。     

龟甲DNA检测试剂盒的研制与评价

研制一种集DNA提取与PCR鉴定为一体的龟甲检测试剂盒,考察试剂盒的特异性、敏感性、重复性及稳定性。通过优化DNA提取和PCR检测方法,将所需试剂组合成试剂盒,用其提取龟甲正品及伪品mtDNA,进行PCR鉴定。试剂盒提取龟甲正品及伪品mtDNA的OD260/OD280为1.80±0.05,正品龟甲在335bp和410bp出现两条清晰条带,伪品龟甲则无条带出现,试剂盒特异性为100%,检测限为0.025 g,经反复冻融20次后依然有效,3次重复性检测均重现相同结果。龟甲DNA检测试剂盒特异性强、灵敏度高、稳定性好,适用于龟甲药材的快速检测。     

多重PCR在几个近交系小鼠遗传检测中的应用初探

目的　探讨多重PCR方法在小鼠微卫星检测中的应用。方法　用 34对特异性引物对AKR、BALB c、C57 BL、DBA 2、CBA、A WY、6 15、T739、BALB cJ和AKR J 10个品系的近交系小鼠用PCR方法进行遗传检测 ,并从中选用 4对引物 ,对这些品系小鼠进行二重和多重PCR检测。结果　二重PCR在与单一PCR相同的反应条件下 ,扩增出两条与预期条带相同的带 ,而三重PCR则没有得到三条预期的条带 ,出现了干扰现象。结论　通过二条条带的距离可以鉴别出不同的近交系小鼠 ,二重PCR可应用于近交系小鼠的遗传检测 ,具有方便简单、省时的优点     

16S rRNA PCR鉴定脆弱类杆菌

目的:应用16SrRNA序列设计PCR引物鉴别脆弱类杆菌。方法:通过脆弱类杆菌16SrRNA序列特异性位点设计引物,对4株脆弱类杆菌及大肠杆菌、乳酸杆菌、嗜热链球菌等进行PCR扩增。应用琼脂糖电泳法对PCR扩增产物进行特异性检测。结果:脆弱类杆菌在176bp左右出现特异性条带,而其他细菌均未出现特异性条带。结论:通过16SrRNA序列中特异位点设计引物进行PCR,可特异性鉴定脆弱类杆菌。     

当归及其混淆品独活、欧当归的紫外鉴别

为寻找当归及其混淆品独活、欧当归的紫外吸收光谱鉴别特征，采用紫外谱线组法对三者在不同极性溶剂中的紫外吸收光谱图进行比较。结果表明，当归和独活在四种极性溶剂中均存在明显差异，而当归和欧当归仅在无水乙醇和蒸馏水溶剂中鉴别差异显著。紫外谱线组法可以鉴别当归及其混淆品独活、欧当归。     

花椒cpDNA trnL-F间隔区序列的特征及其在混淆品鉴别中的应用

目的:通过分析花椒cpDNA trnL-F间隔区序列特点,探讨该序列在花椒与其混淆品鉴别中的意义.方法:对花椒及其混淆品进行cpDNA trnL-F间隔区序列比较研究.结果:花椒cpDNA trnL-F间隔区序列为349bp、AT百分比为62.1%.尽管花椒的果实在外部形态,物理特性上与混淆品差异较小,但在cpDNA trnL-F间隔区序列上却存在着显著而稳定的差异.该序列在属以下的分类阶元中同源性极高,可达100%.结论:根据cpDNA trnL -F间隔区碱基序列的差异,能有效地鉴别花椒及其属以上分类阶元的混淆品.     

纯蛇粉胶囊中乌梢蛇的薄层层析鉴别

目的用薄层层析和紫外分析方法对纯蛇粉胶囊中所含的乌梢蛇成分进行分析鉴别。方法以中药乌梢蛇作为对照品,以硅胶Ｇ铺板,在丙酮、乙醇、氨水和正丁醇、乙醇、氨水２个系统中分别展开,后置于紫外２５４ｎｍ下检视,同法作空白试验。结果在同一薄层色谱中,和对照品相同的位置上,显清晰分离很好的４个斑点,其中２个斑点呈强烈的荧光。空白阴性对照品无此斑点。结论该方法具有定性检查的鉴别意义,为制定纯蛇粉胶囊质量标准提供了实验方法和依据。     

基于特异性PCR和荧光检测技术快速鉴定艾纳香

为建立快速准确的艾纳香分子鉴定方法。采取筛选艾纳香及其混伪品基因组DNA的提取方法,针对艾纳香特异性位点设计引物,优化PCR扩增条件,荧光检测扩增产物。结果表明碱裂解法更适于艾纳香基因组DNA的提取;叶绿体基因（tDNA）特异引物能特异性扩增艾纳香DNA,其扩增产物荧光检测呈绿色,混伪品无反应发生。试验结果显示该法简化了分子鉴定过程,省时节力,且结果准确可靠,可作为艾纳香植物和药材的鉴定方法。     

降香黄檀的DNA条形码鉴定研究

DNA条形码技术是利用基因组中一段短的标准序列进行物种的鉴定并探索其亲缘进化关系。本研究对采自海南不同地区降香黄檀五个居群24份样品的psbA-trnH,rbcL,核ITS及ITS2序列进行PCR扩增和测序,比较各序列扩增和测序效率。种间和种内变异,采用BLAST1和邻接 (NJ) 法构建系统聚类树方法评价不同序列的鉴定能力。结果表明ITS2在所研究的材料中具有最高的扩增和测序效率,而ITS扩增效率较低。ITS2完整序列在区分黄檀属不同种间差异具有较大优势。因此可利用ITS2从分子水平区分降香黄檀与其他混伪种。     

血小板计数在五步蛇咬伤中的临床意义

目的探讨血小板计数在五步蛇咬伤临床治疗中的指导意义。方法对2006年3月至2009年12月我院收治的77例五步蛇咬伤病人在运用抗蛇毒血清治疗时对病人的血小板计数进行动态监测。蛄果患者入院时的血小板计数越低,抗蛇毒血清用量越大,呈负相关。结论在五步蛇咬伤治疗中,血小板计数可指导抗蛇毒血清的应用剂量。在应用抗蛇毒血清后血小板计数仍较低者．常提示抗蛇毒血清的用量不足,需追加剂量。     

蛇毒的核磁共振氢谱研究

本文对不同产地的蝮蛇毒和眼镜蛇毒、五步蛇毒等十六个冻干样品,进行了核磁共振氢谱测试.列出了具有代表性的的氢谱图。从谱图中可看出:每种种属蛇毒均有其特征的核磁共振氢谱,此法在准分子水平上是鉴定蛇毒的一种有效而可靠的方法.     

DNA fingerprinting of human cell lines using PCR amplification of fragment length polymorphisms

Summary Methods for monitoring cell line identification and authentication include species-specific immunofluorescence, isoenzyme phenotyping, chromosome analysis, and DNA fingerprinting. Most previous studies of DNA fingerprinting of cell lines have used restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. In this study, we examined the utility of an alternative and simpler method of cell line DNA fingerprinting—polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of fragment length polymorphisms. Fourteen human cell lines previously found by other methods to be either related or disparate were subjected to DNA fingerprinting by PCR amplification of selected fragment length polymorphism loci. Cell identification patterns by this method were concordant with those obtained by isoenzyme phenotyping and restriction fragment length polymorphism-DNA fingerprinting, and were reproducible within and between assays on different DNA extracts of the same cell line. High precision was achieved with electrophoretic separation of amplified DNA products on high resolution agarose or polyacrylamide gels, and with fragment length polymorphism (FLP) loci-specific “allelic ladders” to identify individual FLP alleles. Determination of the composite fingerprint of a cell line at six appropriately chosen fragment length polymorphism loci should achieve a minimum discrimination power of 0.999. The ability of PCR-based fragment length polymorphism DNA fingerprinting to precisely and accurately identify the alleles of different human cell lines at multiple polymorphic fragment length polymorphism loci demonstrates the feasibility of developing a cell line DNA fingerprint reference database as a powerful additional tool for future cell line identification and authentication.     

DNA probe and PCR-specific reaction for Lactobacillus plantarum

A 300 bp DNA fragment of Lactobacillus plantarum isolated by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was cloned and sequenced. This fragment was tested using a dot-blot DNA hybridization technique for its ability to identify Lact. plantarum strains. This probe hybridized with all Lact. plantarum strains tested and with some strains of Lact. pentosus , albeit more weakly. Two internal primers of this probe were selected (LbPl1 and LbPl2) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out. All Lact. plantarum strains tested amplified a 250 bp fragment contrary to the other LAB species tested. This specific PCR for Lact. plantarum was also performed from colonies grown on MRS medium with similar results. These methods enabled the rapid and specific detection and identification of Lact. plantarum .     

人工饲养蕲蛇与野生蕲蛇中重金属元素及氨基酸含量的比较研究

目的:对人工饲养蕲蛇与野生蕲蛇中重金属元素及氨基酸含量进行测定和比较分析研究。方法:采用原子吸收法对蕲蛇中Cu、Hg、Cd、Pb、As含量进行测定;全自动氨基酸分析仪测定蕲蛇中氨基酸含量并进行相关性分析。结果:人工饲养蕲蛇与野生蕲蛇中重金属元素含量为均低于《中国药典》2010版限定值。人工饲养蕲蛇与野生蕲蛇中的氨基酸含量丰富,种类构成完整,均含有17种人体所需要的氨基酸,两者氨基酸含量的相关系数r=0.9991。结论:人工饲养蕲蛇与野生蕲蛇氨基酸含量和组成相似,两者存在线性正相关关系,且蕲蛇中重金属含量符合《中国药典》2010版标准,人工饲养蕲蛇可以作为野生蕲蛇的优良替代品。     

Identification of the pathogenic Aspergillus species by nested PCR using a mixture of specific primers to DNA topoisomerase II gene

For PCR-based identification of Aspergillus species, a common primer of the DNA topoisomerase II genes of Candida, Aspergillus and Penicillium, and species-specific primers of the genomic sequences of DNA topoisomerase II of A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. flavus (A. oryzae), A. nidulans and A. terreus were tested for their specificities in PCR amplifications. The method consisted of amplification of the genomic DNA topoisomerase II gene by a common primer set, followed by a second PCR with a primer mix consisting of 5 species-specific primer pairs for each Aspergillus species. By using the common primer pair, a DNA fragment of approximately 1,200 bp was amplified from the Aspergillus and Penicillium genomic DNAs. Using each species-specific primer pair, unique sizes of PCR products were amplified, all of which corresponded to a species of Aspergillus even in the presence of DNAs of several fungal species. The sensitivity of A. fumigatus to the nested PCR was found to be 100 fg of DNA in the reaction mixture. In the nested PCR obtained by using the primer mix (PsIV), the specific DNA fragment of A. fumigatus was amplified from clinical specimens. These results suggest that this nested PCR method is rapid, simple and available as a tool for identification of pathogenic Aspergillus to a species level.     

乙醇对五步蛇（Agkistrodonacutus）毒毒性的影响

目的为了探索乙醇对五步蛇毒毒性的影响。方法将五步蛇毒不同浓度致死量经不同浓度乙醇体外处理后,选择小白鼠分别给予皮下注射、口服,并将致死量蛇毒于小白鼠皮下注射后立即于局部注射乙醇,观察蛇毒毒性情况。结果使用乙醇体外处理后的五步蛇毒毒性明显下降,小白鼠经皮下注射致死量五步蛇毒后立即在局部注射50％异蛇米酒或75％乙醇0．1～0．2ml有一定的保护作用,口服20倍致死量五步蛇毒未发现有毒性表现。结论五步蛇毒体外经过乙醇处理后毒性明显下降。口服五步蛇毒是安全的。蛇毒进入皮下后立即用乙醇处理有一定的治疗效果。     

Polymerase chain reaction and an outer membrane protein gene probe for the detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis

Abstract A sensitivity assay for Porphyromonas gingivalis based upon the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed. A 426-bp sequence, including a Dra I- Hinc II DNA fragment (278 bp) encoding the 40-kDa outer membrane protein of the P. gingivalis gene was amplified. PCR products were obtained from chromosomal DNAs of the P. gingivalis strains tested but not from those of other oral microorganisms. The lower limit of template DNA detection was 10 pg with 30 cycles and 100 fg with 40 cycles of PCR by agarose gel electrophoresis. The PCR products were hybridized with Dra I- Hinc II DNA fragment internal to the PCR primers regions used. The lower limit of hybridization detection was 10 pg and 10 fg of template DNA with 30 and 40 cycles of PCR, respectively. These results demonstrated the simplicity, rapidity and specificity of the procedure, as well as the use of the Dra I- Hinc II DNA fragment in the identification of P. gingivalis .