应用N端Cys-free断裂蛋白质内含子标记蛋白质N端

蛋白质的特异位点修饰可以帮助了解蛋白质的结构与功能.但是,现有的蛋白质特异位点标记方法种类有限,而且存在局限性,所以有必要开发新的蛋白质特异位点标记方法．以谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)为研究对象,借助蛋白质反式剪接技术,建立了利用新型断裂蛋白质内含子对蛋白质进行N 端标记的新方法.在这个方法中,通过简单的重组表达、标记和纯化得到带有荧光基团的小肽,经过蛋白质反式剪接,荧光基团被标记到蛋白质的N 端. 初步研究结果显示,标记效率可达到12 %.     

通过N端替换提高木聚糖酶的热稳定性

以来源于Thermomonospora fusca的耐高温木聚糖酶TfxA和来源于Streptomycesolivaceoviridis的高比活木聚糖酶XYNB为亲本,构建出耐热高比活融合木聚糖酶TB,将TB在大肠杆菌BL21和毕赤酵母GS115中进行表达并对表达产物的酶学性质进行分析比较。分析表明,融合蛋白TB最适pH值为6.0,最适温度为70℃,较XYNB有大幅度的提高;在热稳定性方面,TB明显优于XYNB,将两种稀释好的酶液分别在80℃和90℃下热处理3min,TB的热稳定性较XYNB提高了6倍左右;TB的pH稳定性为5～9(相对剩余活性在50%以上的pH范围),较XYNB有所下降,但两者的比活性基本不变,保持了亲本XYNB的高比活性。通过同源建模和序列比较,分析了可能影响融合蛋白TB酶学性质的因素,为进一步研究木聚糖酶的结构与功能提供了新的思路。     

胆碱脱氢酶的N端氨基酸序列测定

采用SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳及电转移方法,将增溶的鼠肝线粒体胆碱脱氢酶进一步纯化,且去掉增溶线粒体胆碱脱氢酶(CDH)中所包含的大部分磷脂、去垢剂、辅基FAD等. 对进一步纯化的CDH进行了N端氨基酸序列测定,得到CDH N端10个氨基酸残基序列为VAAAAGGGKD,这一部分序列与小鼠CO5蛋白(即补体C5的前体蛋白)、大鼠腺苷酰(基)环化酶(adenylyl cyclase)、人甾体结合蛋白(oxysterol-binding protein)有很高同源性,但与大肠杆菌CDH并无明显的同源性.     

APP N端片段的神经营养作用

APP是β－淀粉样肽的前体蛋白,由695－770个氨基酸经,春N端水解产物可分沁至细胞外环境。AP具有促进神经细胞生长作用,其中319－335肽段即APP17肽能提高动物的学习记忆能力。其他APP片段是否具有神经营养功能未见报道。本研究通过观察APP N端片段对人神经母细胞瘤株SY5Y生长的影响以及对实验性糖尿病动物行为的影响,希望APP促进神经细胞生长的其他肽段。用化学合肥APP N端多肽片段,以SY5Y细胞MTT代谢率、细胞计数、LDH漏出率和实验性糖尿病小鼠水迷宫试验结果为观察指标。结果APP64肽、29肽、11肽均有促进SY5Y细胞生长的作用,APP11肽可提高糖尿病动物水迷宫测试成绩,说明可溶性APP的N端可能具有神经营养作用,我们认为保持此作用的最短片段为APP11肽,此肽段的发现为进一步研究APP的构效关系奠定了基础。     

N端二硫键对11家族木聚糖酶热稳定性的影响

以来源于米曲霉Aspergillus oryzae的11家族常温木聚糖酶AoXyn11A为母本,将其N端替换成同一家族耐热木聚糖酶EvXyn11TS的对应片段,构建出耐热杂合木聚糖酶AEx11A。将AoXyn11A和AEx11A基因分别在毕赤酵母GS115中进行表达并分析比较温度对表达产物酶活性的影响。结果表明,AEx11A的最适温度Topt为75℃,在70℃的半衰期t1/270为197 min,较AoXyn11A(Topt=50℃,t1/270=1.0 min)显著提高。通过对AEx11A结构的同源建模及其与AoXyn11A结构的比对,发现在AEx11A的N端引入了一个二硫键(Cys5–Cys32)。利用定点突变法将其5位的半胱氨酸突变为苏氨酸(C5T),去除该二硫键,以探讨其对AEx11A热稳定性的影响。分析表明,突变酶(AEx11AC5T)的Topt由突变前的75℃降为60℃,其t1/270和t1/280也分别由197 min和25 min缩短为3.0 min和1.0 min。     

CUEDC2的N端结构域溶液结构初步探索

目的:为了更好地研究CUEDC2(CUE domain containing 2)的生物学功能,对其N端含133个氨基酸残基的结构域的三维结构进行初步探索。方法:用亲和纯化方法纯化GST-CUEDC2(1-133 aa)和His-CUEDC2(1-133aa),采用圆二色谱和核磁共振方法初步研究其结构。结果:圆二色谱实验表明CUEDC2(1-133 aa)cut比CUEDC2(1-133 aa)uncut的螺旋结构更多,折叠更好;核磁共振实验表明CUEDC2(1-133 aa)cut的1H-15N HSQC谱交叉峰更多,峰强度更均匀。结论:CUEDC2(1-133 aa)cut为最适合用核磁共振方法进行结构计算的片段。     

通过N端引入芳香族氨基酸提高木聚糖酶的热稳定性

耐热的木聚糖酶具有用于造纸、麻类脱胶和饲料生产等工业领域的巨大潜力,为了提高11家族碱性木聚糖酶Xyn11A-LC的热稳定性,通过理性设计在N-末端引入了芳香族氨基酸(T9Y和D14F)。测定野生型和突变体的性质表明,突变体的最适反应温度和热稳定性均获得了提高。突变体的最适反应温度比野生型提高了5℃。野生型在65℃的Tris/HCl缓冲液(pH 8.0)中的半衰期为22 min,而突变体在此条件下的半衰期为106 min。圆二色光谱测定结果显示野生型和突变体的Tm分别为55.3℃和67.9℃。因此,通过在N-末端引入芳香族氨基酸可以提高11家族木聚糖酶的热稳定性和在高温下的活性。     

N端测序作为单克隆抗体常规放行分析方法的探讨

旨在探讨N端测序作为单克隆抗体常规放行分析方法的适用性。应用Edman降解法、质量肽图法对两个针对不同靶点的单抗进行N端测序,用肽图法寻找二者的特征性鉴别肽段,用离子色谱、毛细管区带电泳和成像毛细管等点聚焦电泳进行异质性分析。Edman降解法显示两个单抗轻链和重链的15个氨基酸分别完全一致,质量肽图法显示二者轻重链的T1肽段分别完全一致,而肽图法和3种异质性分析方法则可对两个抗体进行有效鉴别。由于人源化或人源单抗序列框架数量较为有限,两个单抗的N末端序列完全相同,运用Edman降解法进行N端测序是否能作为单抗的常规放行分析方法值得进一步商榷,同时上述多种方法可运用于单抗的鉴别分析,并可对其异质性进行控制,较N端测序分析更具有客观性。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV