多种缺损及突变的PrP蛋白在杆状病毒中的表达和纯化

PrP蛋白多肽序列上存在有不同的功区域,影响着蛋白质构象、理化特性和生物学功能。为了获得不同缺损及突变的仓鼠PrP蛋白,以PCR方法获得不同大小的PrP基因片段,利用PCR大引物点诱变法获得带有突变糖基化位点PrP序列。所有PCR产物测序鉴定正确后,分别与pFASTBAC Hb质粒连接,与穿梭载体DH10BAC转座,构建各种重组病毒。Western blot证实,8种不同长度的仓鼠PrP蛋白可在昆虫细胞Sf9中表达,包括全序列的PrP1-231,信号肽缺失的PrP23-231;N端缺损的PrP90-231和PrP120-231;C端缺损的PrP1-199、PrP1-174和PrP1-160。糖基化位点突变：PrP23-231(N181Q).其中不带信号肽序列的PrP蛋白均呈HIS融合蛋白,而N端带有信号肽的PrP蛋白则不能与Ni-NTA琼脂糖亲和层析柱结合,但可以用PrP特异性抗体发生免疫沉淀反应。这提示PrP信号肽序列在昆虫细胞中可能也发挥着与哺乳动物细胞相似的作用。不同缺损及突变的PrP蛋白的表达和纯化为进行蛋白生物学性状研究奠定了基础。     

一种新的PrP无细胞构象转化系统的建立

PrP细胞外构象转化系统已经被一些实验室用于朊病毒的研究,但在反应体系中往往需要使用放射性同位素。为了建立一种安全方便的PrP无细胞构象转化系统用于TSE发病机制的研究,通过PCR方法获得仓鼠PrP(HaPrP)全长基因,克隆至原核表达载体pQE30,在大肠杆菌中表达并纯化出分子量为27kD HaPrP蛋白,Western blot证实可与PrP特异性单克隆抗体反应。将纯化蛋白在体外标记生物素(Biotin-7-NHs),与纯化的scrapie 263K毒株仓鼠感染脑组织PrP^Se蛋白共同孵育4天后,经蛋白酶K消化,Western blot检测,证明存在一条抵抗蛋白酶K消化的、被亲和素特异性识别的条带,其分子量约为20kD。这表明HaPrP^sen可以被转化为HaPrP^res。实验表明,可以利用原核系统取代真核系统表达PrP,并用生物素标记取代^35S标记纯化蛋白,建立一个更加安全方便的无细胞构象转化系统,用于朊病毒的研究。     

朊病毒的分子遗传学研究

院病毒（prion）是一种能引起哺乳动物中枢神经系统退行性疾病,即一般称为传染性海绵状脑病（BE）的病原因子。这些疾病包括人类克雅氏病忙reutrfeltJocob）、致死性家族失眠症、羊瘙痒症和疯牛病等[1]．1982年美国科学家Prusiner从感染了瘙痒症的叙利亚老鼠脑中分离出具有传染性的蛋白因子,并首先提出朊病毒这一名词,以与病毒、类病毒相区别。朊病毒最显著的特征是不含核酸。现已知道朊病毒（prionprotein,PrP是由宿主染色体基因PrP编码的一种正常细胞蛋白,在非患病个体中以低水平存在。这种蛋白在细胞内质网上合成、高尔基小体中…     

羊口疮024基因的表达、多抗制备及亚细胞定位

目的克隆表达羊口疮病毒(Orf virus,ORFV)024基因,制备多克隆抗体,检测其免疫原性,并对其进行亚细胞定位分析。方法根据GenBank中羊口疮病毒024基因序列设计引物,进行PCR扩增。将其亚克隆至表达载体,构建原核重组质粒pGEX-6P-1-024以及真核重组质粒pEGFP-N1-024。将原核重组质粒转化Rosetta (DE3)细胞,IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE鉴定024蛋白的表达情况。纯化后的024蛋白免疫BALB/c雌鼠,获得血清并制备多克隆抗体,进行Western-blot分析。将构建的真核质粒转染MDBK细胞,24h后通过免疫荧光观察其在细胞中的表达及亚细胞定位。结果 SDS-PAGE结果表明,羊口疮病毒024基因在Rosetta (DE3)细胞中正确表达,大小为59kDa。Western-blot结果表明024蛋白能与制备的多抗发生特异性反应,具有良好的反应原性。荧光显微镜下结果表明024蛋白转染MDBK细胞后主要在细胞质中表达。结论本实验为后续深入研究ORFV 024基因功能和致病机制奠定了基础。     

PrP及其缺失突变体与微管蛋白的体外相互作用的初步研究

为了进一步确定PrP蛋白与微管蛋白是否发生分子间相互作用以及PrP蛋白多肽链中与微管蛋白相互作用的区域,我们表达纯化了全长的PrP以及PrP蛋白缺失突变体,提取了兔脑组织中天然微管蛋白。利用pull-down及免疫共沉淀方法检测全长PrP及PrP蛋白缺失突变体与微管蛋白是否发生分子间相互作用。结果显示,全长His-PrP23-231能与微管蛋白发生体外相互作用,并首次证实了PrP与微管蛋白相互作用的区域位于PrP N端第23位至91位氨基酸。此研究为进一步研究PrP在神经细胞的主动转运机制以及Prion疾病的发病机制提供了一定的理论基础。     

羊口疮病毒蛋白ORFV035的表达、纯化和多克隆抗体的制备

克隆表达羊口疮病毒蛋白ORFV035,并制备其多克隆抗体,为后续对病毒复制、装配、形态发生和成熟过程的研究奠定基础。PCR扩增羊口疮病毒ORFV035基因,将其与质粒pET-30a(+)经Bam HⅠ和HindⅢ双酶切后连接,构建重组质粒pET30a-035。重组质粒经双酶切和测序鉴定,转化感受态大肠杆菌BL21,IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE鉴定蛋白表达情况。表达产物进行超声破碎和Ni柱纯化,纯化后目的蛋白免疫小鼠,制备多克隆抗体并对其进行鉴定。成功构建了重组质粒pET30a-035,在大肠杆菌BL21中以包涵体形式高效表达。包涵体洗涤、溶解后进行Ni柱纯化,得到纯度较高的ORFV035-his融合蛋白。以纯化蛋白免疫小鼠获得多克隆抗体。Western blot检测显示该多抗可以识别天然ORFV035蛋白。成功诱导表达、纯化ORFV035蛋白并制备ORFV035多克隆抗体。     

人源Fank1蛋白质FN3结构域多肽的原核表达，纯化及晶体筛选

目的纯化人源Fank1（fibronectin type Ⅲ and ankyrin repeat domain1）蛋白质N端FN3（fibronectin typeⅢ,Ⅲ型纤黏连蛋白）结构域蛋白,用于晶体生长的三维结构分析。方法将FN3结构域基因片段克隆至原核表达载体pGEX-6P-1中,将菌落PCR和测序鉴定正确的重组质粒转化E.coli BL21（DE3）后获得表达菌株。该菌株经IPTG诱导高效表达出带有GST标签的可溶性的融合蛋白,经过Glutathione Sepha-rose^TM 4B亲和层析、Hiload16／60 superdex200分子筛层析纯化后,蛋白纯度达到95％以上。结果纯化蛋白采用悬滴气相扩散法得到棒状晶体。结论成功制备了高纯度FN3蛋白,获得FN3蛋白质晶体,为进一步的三维结构解析及Fank1功能研究奠定了基础。     

黑木耳核糖体失活蛋白cDNA 3′-端的克隆与分析

为了克隆黑木耳核糖体失活蛋白cDNA 3′-端,根据随机测得的中间一段蛋白质序列设计简并引物,应用RT-PCR和3′-RACE反应方法,将得到的基因片段与质粒连接,并转化至大肠杆菌中,进行蓝白筛选,再通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳法和PCR法验证白斑,从而得到阳性重组质粒,最后克隆出该目的蛋白基因片段。结果表明,克隆出的cDNA 3′-端为330bp的开放阅读框(ORF),编码107个氨基酸和2个终止密码子。经试验证明和文献检索,克隆得到的cDNA 3′-端为一种新基因。     

突触小体相关蛋白SNAP25的原核表达、纯化及鉴定

目的:克隆突触小体相关蛋白(SNAP25)基因,原核表达、纯化并鉴定SNAP25蛋白。方法:PCR扩增SNAP25基因,克隆至表达质粒pTIG-Trx,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,IPTG诱导表达,Ni2+-NTA亲和层析纯化目的蛋白,SDS-PAGE及Western印迹分析肉毒神经毒素BoNT/A轻链对该蛋白的裂解情况。结果:构建了pTIG-SNAP25表达质粒,经IPTG诱导表达,目的蛋白占全菌蛋白的26.2%,表达形式为可溶性表达,表达量达115.4mg/L,纯化后蛋白纯度达95%以上;经SDS-PAGE及Western印迹分析,SNAP25蛋白可被BoNT/A轻链特异降解。结论:克隆了SNAP25基因,在原核系统中表达、纯化并鉴定了重组SNAP25蛋白。     

新型rhNDPK-A工程菌的构建及表达产物纯化研究

目的 :为简化纯化过程 ,获得有临床研究价值的rhNDPK -A蛋白 ,构建新型rhNDPK -A基因的表达质粒 ,利用 6×His标签以Ni+ -NTA亲和层析柱纯化蛋白。方法 :将抑癌基因nm2 3-H1从质粒PBVNMH1中亚克隆于带有纯化标签的表达载体pQE4 0中。IPTG诱导表达目的蛋白。通过镍离子螯合层析柱一步纯化法纯化目的蛋白。结果 :pQE - 4 0中亚克隆的nm2 3-H1序列完全正确 ;目的蛋白在大肠杆菌M15中的表达量可达 4 9.6 % ;Ni+ -NTA亲和层析柱一步纯化后蛋白纯度为 93%。结论 :构建了带有 6×His纯化标签的新型rhNDPK -A基因表达质粒pQE -nm2 3H1,所构建质粒能高效表达目的蛋白 ,利用Ni+ -NTA亲和层析柱简便高效地纯化了表达产物。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various