百合LbCAT和LbGPX基因的克隆与表达分析

以切花百合(Lilium brownii var. viridulum)‘卡瓦纳’cDNA为模板,克隆了过氧化氢酶(LbCAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(LbGPX)基因。序列分析表明,这2个基因分别包含1 479 bp和519 bp的开放阅读框(ORF),编码492个和172个氨基酸。进化分析结果表明,LbCAT蛋白与岷江百合CAT蛋白的氨基酸序列相似性最高(99.19%),且亲缘关系最近;LbGPX蛋白与油棕GPX蛋白的氨基酸序列相似性最高(78.61%),亲缘关系最近。qRT PCR结果显示,LbCAT和LbGPX在百合根、鳞茎、叶和花中都有表达。LbCAT在叶中表达量最高,LbGPX在花中表达量最高。这2个基因在百合花蕾的生长发育过程中均有表达,且表达量逐渐增加;在PEG处理后2个基因的转录水平升高,但独角金内酯(SLs)处理却显著降低了这2个基因的转录水平;该结果为百合抗逆性机理研究以及抗逆育种奠定了基础。     

蓖麻RcMsc2基因功能分析

G2/有丝分裂特异性细胞周期蛋白 2(G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-2,Msc2)作为高等植物应对逆境胁迫的关键调控蛋白,参与多个抗逆境胁迫的应答。为探究RcMsc2基因的功能,该研究从蓖麻叶片组织中成功克隆了RcMsc2,并利用生物信息学分析RcMsc2蛋白的结构和潜在功能,同时借助qRT-PCR方法分析RcMsc2基因的组织表达特性和非生物胁迫表达特性。结果表明:(1)RcMsc2基因位于蓖麻第5号染色体长臂,该基因的CDS(coding sequence)区是1 299 bp,编码432个氨基酸。(2)RcMsc2蛋白拥有细胞周期(cyclin)家族特征结构域,是一个不稳定酸性亲水蛋白,无跨膜域和信号肽,相对分子量为49.38 kD。(3)RcMsc2蛋白质的二级、三级结构以α-螺旋和无规则卷曲为主。(4)RcMsc2蛋白与麻风树和巴西橡胶树的CYCB2蛋白的序列同源性最高,且同被聚为Group Ⅱ。(5)35S-RcMsc2-GFP融合蛋白定位于细胞核。(6)RcMsc2基因在蓖麻的所有组织中均有表达且主要在根和茎中发挥作用; 非生物胁迫分析表明RcMsc2基因可以被脱落酸(abscisic acid, ABA)、盐、干旱和低温处理诱导表达,并且RcMsc2基因对低温胁迫的响应最敏感。综上表明,该研究较全面地分析了RcMsc2基因的结构特征、系统进化和表达模式,为揭示RcMsc2基因在蓖麻的生长发育和应答冷胁迫过程中的功能提供了理论参考。     

刺葡萄白藜芦醇合成酶基因对不同光质的响应及转录因子筛选

为探究白藜芦醇合成酶基因(RS)的表达模式和转录调控特征,该研究以刺葡萄愈伤组织为材料,采用RT PCR方法进行RS1基因克隆,分析RS1基因在8种不同光质培养条件下的表达模式,并对靶向RS1的转录因子进行预测分析和筛选验证。结果表明：(1)成功从刺葡萄中克隆获得RS1基因(GenBank登录号为OM339527);RS1基因开放阅读框为1 179 bp,由2个外显子和1个内含子组成,编码392个氨基酸,为亲水性无信号肽的细胞质定位蛋白,磷酸化修饰主要发生于苏氨酸和丝氨酸位点上,蛋白质的二级结构主要由α 螺旋、无规则卷曲和延伸链组成。(2)RS1启动子具有多个光响应和转录因子识别与结合元件,还涉及激素调控、生长发育、环境条件响应。(3)转录调控预测发现,靶向RS1的转录因子来自9个家族,共有23个成员,其中MYB和Dof基因家族具有多个成员和RS1启动子结合位点。(4)共线性分析表明,葡萄与毛果杨的共线性最高,MYB DIV和Dof5.1具有多个共线基因。(5)转录水平分析显示,长波光促进RS1的表达,在不同光质和培养阶段下MYB DIV与靶基因RS1具有相同的表达模式,而Dof5.1的表达模式与RS1呈相反趋势,表明MYB DIV和Dof5.1分别通过正负调控参与RS1的转录表达。     

小麦TaDRLea3 2基因的克隆及胁迫诱导表达分析

胚胎发育后期丰富蛋白(late embryogenesis abundant protein,LEA蛋白) 是植物体中广泛存在的一类与渗透调节相关的家族蛋白,植物受非生物胁迫会大量表达。该研究采用同源克隆技术,从干旱诱导的小麦品种‘郑引1号’ (Triticum aestivum L.)中获得1个新的LEA3家族基因（ TaDRLea3 2）,该基因全长668 bp,编码区为570 bp,编码189个氨基酸。生物信息学分析表明该蛋白为亲水性蛋白,二级结构以α 螺旋为主,含有9个由11个氨基酸组成的保守结构域,为典型的LEA3蛋白,存在3个磷酸化位点,无信号肽结构域及跨膜结构域,可能定位于细胞质中;实时定量PCR结果表明, TaDRLea3 2基因受干旱、高盐、低温诱导表达,同时也受外源ABA诱导,推测 TaDRLea3 2为ABA依赖型 LEA3基因,以不同机制参与小麦对非生物胁迫的应答过程,为深入分析小麦LEA3家族蛋白的抗逆机制奠定了基础。     

小麦苗期盐胁迫下DREB基因的表达

为了从全基因组和转录组水平鉴定响应盐胁迫的小麦DREB (dehydration responsive element binding,DREB) 基因,该研究对小麦耐盐材料CH7034苗期施加盐胁迫后的根部样本进行Illumina转录组测序,从中分离TaDREB家族成员的表达数据和可变剪接信息,并对其下游靶基因进行预测;利用 qRT PCR对盐胁迫响应TaDREB成员和预测靶基因进行验证。结果显示：(1)从小麦中共鉴定出48个DREB成员(204个拷贝序列),命名为TaDREB1~TaDREB48,分布于21条染色体。(2)TaDREB家族分为14组(G1~G14),位于G2、G5、G10和G14的TaDREB成员受NaCl胁迫后转录水平均无显著变化,其余组中共有25个(52%) TaDREB成员表现出对盐胁迫不同程度的响应;其中有9个成员在盐胁迫后持续上调(含5个新报道基因),有2个成员表现为持续下调;蛋白互作预测结果显示,下调成员TaDREB35的编码蛋白可能会受到1个小麦RING型E3泛素连接酶作用而降解。(3)盐胁迫后有9个成员TaDREB3、TaDREB6、TaDREB16、TaDREB19、TaDREB21、TaDREB24、TaDREB25.12、TaDREB43和TaDREB47发生了可变剪切变化。(4)从转录组差异表达基因中进一步鉴定出3个起始密码子上游2 000 bp序列,包含DRE/CRT元件且在A/B/D组间表达趋势一致的候选靶基因TaRD29、TaGLOS和TaCKX。(5)qRT PCR验证结果显示,上调成员中,除TaDREB19外,其余成员以及TaDREB16均表现出持续上升的趋势;下调成员中只有TaDREB25和TaDREB35的表达量呈持续下降的趋势;3个预测靶基因的表达量均持续上升,验证结果与转录组测序结果一致。该研究鉴定出的11个盐胁迫响应TaDREB成员以及预测的3个下游靶基因为小麦耐盐机制解析和分子育种奠定了基础。     

巨桉EgrGBF1基因的克隆和表达模式分析

G-box结合蛋白(GBF)是一类能够识别并结合G-box的转录因子,广泛参与植物基因响应外界刺激的表达调控。通过巨桉(Eucalyptus grandis)初生生长到次生生长的转录组测序筛选出差异表达基因EgrGBF1,为探讨其在桉树生长发育中的功能,从巨桉中克隆了该基因,并进行了结构和进化分析。结果表明,EgrGBF1编码区长度为984 bp,编码327个氨基酸, 存在2个转录本,分别命名为EgrGBF1α和EgrGBF1β。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,EgrGBF1α和EgrGBF1β在不同组织中,不同激素、胁迫处理下的表达模式不同,EgrGBF1α主要在茎尖表达,沿节间向下表达量逐渐降低,而EgrGBF1β在韧皮部高表达,在节间的表达量无显著差异。在水杨酸和缺硼处理下,EgrGBF1α和EgrGBF1β的表达趋势相反。EgrGBF1α在缺磷处理168 h的表达量最高,而EgrGBF1β在处理6 h的表达量最高。因此,EgrGBF1在桉树生长发育以及响应胁迫中发挥着重要作用,且转录本EgrGBF1α和EgrGBF1β可能具有不同的功能。     

‘潘那利’番茄碱性螺旋环螺旋转录因子基因的克隆与表达分析

碱性螺旋环螺旋(basic/Helix Loop Helix, bHLH)转录因子是植物最大的转录因子家族之一,其广泛参与植物逆境胁迫响应。该研究从野生‘潘那利’番茄(Solanum pennellii Correll)中成功克隆出bHLH转录因子基因SpbHLH89(Sol Genomics登录号Sopen04g001150),采用qRT PCR分析其在干旱胁迫下的表达模式,并利用异源表达初步分析其对非生物胁迫的响应。结果表明：(1)SpbHLH89编码区包含684 bp,编码227个氨基酸,具有典型的碱性螺旋环螺旋区,主要定位于细胞核中;进化树结果显示,SpbHLH89转录因子高度保守,与拟绒毛烟草NtbHLH94(Nicotiana tomentosiformis)存在高度相似性。(2)qRT PCR结果显示,SpbHLH89在‘潘那利’番茄的茎、叶和花中均有表达,其表达量受干旱胁迫诱导。(3)SDS PAGE与Western bloting结果显示,pET 30a SpbHLH89重组蛋白大小约为31 kD。(4)在盐胁迫(400 mmol/L NaCl)和干旱胁迫(600 mmol/L甘露醇)条件下,异源表达重组蛋白的E. coli BL21(DE3)重组菌生长速度提高,说明异源表达SpbHLH89转录因子基因可提高细菌对非生物胁迫的耐受性。     

青稞HvnRPS2基因克隆及其在条纹病胁迫下的表达分析

为探索NBS LRR类基因RPS2在青稞抗条纹病过程中的作用,该研究以抗条纹病青稞品种‘昆仑14号’和感病品种‘Z1141’为材料,参照转录组序列设计引物,克隆得到一个差异表达的青稞HvnRPS2基因,进行相应的生物信息学分析,并采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT PCR)法分析HvnRPS2基因在条纹病侵染下不同抗性青稞品种的表达模式。结果表明：(1)HvnRPS2基因全长3 089 bp,无内含子,包含1个2 760 bp的开放阅读框,编码919个氨基酸,理论等电点为5.93,预测蛋白分子量为104.2 kD,其编码的蛋白为亲水性蛋白,二级结构主要由无规则卷曲和ɑ 螺旋组成。(2)蛋白质多序列比对及进化树分析表明,HvnRPS2含有高度保守的NB ARC和LRR结构域,属于NB ARC蛋白家族成员,与大麦HvRPS2和水稻OsRPS2亲缘关系最近。(3)qRT PCR分析显示,随着条纹病感病时间的延长,青稞HvnRPS2基因表达量呈先降低后升高再降低的模式;与正常叶片相比,感病叶片的HvnRPS2基因表达量显著下调,且感病品种表达量下调值显著低于抗病品种(P＜0.01)。研究认为,HvnRPS2在青稞抗条纹病过程中发挥重要的负调控作用。研究结果为进一步探究该基因在青稞抗条纹病中的调控机理奠定基础。     

小麦TaWRKY47基因的克隆与表达分析

为了探究小麦WRKY基因的功能,该研究采用RT PCR方法,在小麦叶片组织中克隆WRKY基因,并对其进行生物信息学和不同逆境胁迫下的表达分析。结果表明：(1)成功克隆得到1个小麦WRKY基因,命名为TaWRKY47。(2)TaWRKY47基因开放阅读框长度为900 bp,编码299个氨基酸,含有一个WRKY保守结构域和一个C₂HC锌指结构域,属于WRKY基因家族的第Ⅲ类成员。(3)亚细胞定位分析结果显示,TaWRKY47蛋白定位于细胞核。(4)荧光定量PCR结果表明,TaWRKY47基因在小麦根、茎、叶、雄蕊和雌蕊中均有表达,其中在雌蕊中表达量最高,且受低温、干旱、盐、ABA和H₂O₂等胁迫表达增强,推测TaWRKY47基因参与了小麦的逆境胁迫过程。该研究结果为进一步研究TaWRKY47基因功能与抗逆机制奠定了理论基础。     

Metabolism of hydrogen peroxide in univoltine and polyvoltine strains of silkworm (Bombyx mori)

Recent work has demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide functions as a signaling molecule controlling different essential processes in plants and mammals, which can be produced by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and xanthine oxidase (XO) and decomposed by catalase (CAT), respectively. Progeny diapause of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, is induced by diapause hormone (DH) and the expression of DH gene in the maternal generation has been determined. In order to investigate the relationship between the metabolism of H₂O₂ and the expression of DH gene, level of H₂O₂ and activities of SOD, XO and CAT between univoltine and polyvoltine strains, which can produce diapause and non-diapause eggs, respectively, at embryonic and pupal stages were measured. Our results showed that there were significant differences in the metabolism of hydrogen peroxide between two strains and between embryonic and pupal stages. Compared to polyvoltine strain, level of hydrogen peroxide in univoltine strain was significantly higher from stage 19 to stage 21 but lower from stage 24 to stage 29 and the whole pupal stage (Fig. 1). Variations of hydrogen peroxide indicated that hydrogen peroxide may be involved in the active release of DH and the progeny diapause decision by DH rather than the expression of DH gene.     

Protein Oxidative Damage in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Abstract: The Gly⁹³→Ala mutation in the Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) gene (SOD1) found in some familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) patients has been shown to result in an aberrant increase in hydroxyl radical production by the mutant enzyme that may cause oxidative injury to spinal motor neurons. In the present study, we analyzed the extent of oxidative injury to lumbar and cervical spinal cord proteins in transgenic FALS mice that overexpress the SOD1 mutation [TgN(SOD1-G93A)G1H] in comparison with nontransgenic mice. Total protein oxidation was examined by spectrophotometric measurement of tissue protein carbonyl content by the dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) assay. Four ages were investigated: 30 (pre-motor neuron pathology and clinical disease), 60 (after initiation of pathology, but pre-disease), 100 (～50% loss of motor neurons and function), and 120 (near complete hindlimb paralysis) days. Protein carbonyl content in 30-day-old TgN(SOD1-G93A)G1H mice was twice as high as the level found in age-matched nontransgenic mice. However, at 60 and 100 days of age, the levels were the same. Then, between 100 and 120 days of age, the levels in the TgN(SOD1-G93A)G1H mice increased dramatically (557%) compared with either the nontransgenic mice or transgenic animals that overexpress the wild-type human Cu,Zn-SOD [TgN(SOD1)N29]. The 100–120-day increase in spinal cord protein carbonyl levels was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic separation and western blot immunoassay, which enabled the identification of heavily oxidized individual proteins using a monoclonal antibody against DNPH-derivatized proteins. One of the more heavily oxidized protein bands (14 kDa) was identified by immunoprecipitation as largely Cu,Zn-SOD. Western blot comparison of the extent of Cu,Zn-SOD protein carbonylation revealed that the level in spinal cord samples from 120-day-old TgN(SOD1-G93A)G1H mice was significantly higher than that found in age-matched nontransgenic or TgN(SOD1)N29 mice. These results suggest that the increased hydroxyl radical production associated with the G93A SOD1 mutation and/or lipid peroxidation-derived radical species (peroxyl or alkoxyl) causes extensive protein oxidative injury and that the Cu,Zn-SOD itself is a key target, which may compromise its antioxidant function.     

Enhancement of resistance to aphids by introducing the snowdrop lectin genegna into maize plants

In order to enhance the resistance to pests, transgenic maize (Zea mays L.) plants from elite inbred lines containing the gene encoding snowdrop lectin (Galanthus nivalis L. agglutinin; GNA) under control of a phloem-specific promoter were generated through theAgrobacterium tumefaciens- mediated method. The toxicity of GNA-expressing plants to aphids has also been studied. The independently derived plants were subjected to molecular analyses. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot analyses confirmed that thegna gene was integrated into maize genome and inherited to the following generations. The typical Mendelian patterns of inheritance occurred in most cases. The level of GNA expression at 0.13%-0.28% of total soluble protein was observed in different transgenic plants. The progeny of nine GNA-expressing independent transformants that were derived separately from the elite inbred lines DH4866, DH9942, and 8902, were selected for examination of resistance to aphids. These plants synthesized GNA at levels above 0.22% total soluble protein, and enhanced resistance to aphids was demonstrated by exposing the plants to corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch) under greenhouse conditions. The nymph production was significantly reduced by 46.9% on GNA-expressing plants. Field evaluation of the transgenic plants supported the results from the inoculation trial. After a series of artificial self-crosses, some homozygous transgenic maize lines expressing GNA were obtained. In the present study, we have obtained new insect-resistant maize material for further breeding work.     

大田淹水对夏玉米叶片衰老特性的影响

选用登海605(DH605)和郑单958(ZD958)为试验材料,在大田条件下研究了不同淹水时期(三叶期、拔节期和开花后10 d)和持续时间(3 d、6 d)淹水对夏玉米叶片衰老特性的影响.研究表明: 淹水胁迫后超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)等保护酶活性以及可溶性蛋白含量较不淹水对照显著下降,而丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高,三叶期淹水6 d后DH605和ZD958的含量较对照分别升高35.3%和34.1%.淹水胁迫后叶片叶绿素含量降低,产量显著下降.三叶期淹水6 d对夏玉米产量的影响最大,DH605和ZD958较对照分别减产32.1%和35.2%.不同生育期中,三叶期淹水造成的影响最大,拔节期次之,开花后10 d淹水造成的影响较小,且影响程度随淹水持续时间的延长而加剧.     

Scavenger Enzyme Activities in Subcellular Fractions of White Clover (Trifolium repens L.) under PEG-induced Water Stress

Scavenger enzyme activities in subcellular fractions under polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced water stress in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) were studied. Water stress decreased ascorbic acid (AA) content and catalase (CAT) activity and increased the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (measure of lipid peroxidation), and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), its various isozymes, ascorbate peroxidase (APOX), and glutathione reductase (GR) in cellular cytosol, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes of Trifolium repens leaves. In both the PEG-treated plants and the control, chloroplastic fractions showed the highest total SOD, APOX, and GR activities, followed by mitochondrial fractions in the case of total SOD and GR activities, whereas cytosolic fractions had the second greatest APOX activity. However, CAT activity was the highest in peroxisomes, followed by the cytosol, mitochondria, and chloroplasts in decreasing order. Although Mn-SOD activity was highest in mitochondrial fractions, residual activity was also observed in cytosolic fractions. Cu/Zn-SOD and Fe-SOD were observed in all subcellular fractions; however, the activities were the highest in chloroplastic fractions for both isoforms. Total Cu/Zn-SOD activity, the sum of activities observed in all fractions, was higher than other SOD isoforms. These results suggest that cytosolic and chloroplastic APOX, chloroplastic and mitochondrial GR, mitochondrial Mn-SOD, cytosolic and chloroplastic Cu/Zn-SOD, and chloroplastic Fe-SOD are the major scavenger enzymes, whereas cellular CAT may play a minor role in scavenging of O₂⁻ and H₂O₂ produced under PEG-induced water stress in Trifolium repens.     

Effects of Cadmium on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Sugar Cane

Sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L. cv. Copersucar SP80-3280) seedlings were grown in nutrient solution with varying concentrations (0, 2 and 5 mM) of cadmium chloride for 96 h. Leaves were analysed for catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Although a clear effect of CdCl₂ on plant growth was observed, the activity of SOD was not altered significantly. However, the CAT activity decreased as the concentration of CdCl₂ increased. GR exhibits a significant increase in activity at 2 and 5 mM CdCl₂. CAT and SOD isoenzymes were further characterised by analysis in non-denaturing PAGE. Activity staining for SOD revealed up to seven isoenzymes in untreated control and 2 mM CdCl₂ treated plants, corresponding to Cu/Zn-SOD isoenzymes. At 5 mM CdCl₂, only six Cu/Zn-SOD isoenzymes were observed. No Fe-SOD and Mn-SOD isoenzymes were detected. For CAT, one band of activity was observed.     

Superoxide dismutase of plant cell vacuoles

Metal-dependent superoxide dismutases (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) are present in many cell compartments (mitochondria, plastids, nuclei, peroxisomes, endoplasmic reticulum, cell wall and cytosol). We have established that SOD is also localized in the central vacuole. Cyanide-sensitive Cu, Zn-SOD was found in the fraction of isolated vacuoles of red beet roots (Beta vulgaris L.). The enzyme was represented by three isoforms. Comparison of isoenzyme composition and the level of SOD activity in vacuoles, nuclei, plastids and mitochondria isolated from root cells has shown that Cu, Zn-SOD is present in vacuoles and nuclei, two SOD forms (Cu, Zn- and Fe-SOD) are present in plastids, and two SOD forms (Cu, Zn- and Mn-SOD) are present in mitochondria. Cu, Zn-SOD of organelles, unlike vacuolar Cu, Zn-SOD, had only one isoform. The level of enzyme activity from the vacuolar fraction was twice higher than the level of SOD activity from the fractions of isolated organelles. Previously it has been suggested that Cu, Zn-SOD may be localized on the vacuolar membrane or in the near-membrane space from the side of cytoplasm. Our tests have revealed the Cu, Zn-SOD activity in water-soluble extracts of isolated vacuole fractions in the absence of detergent, which may confirm localization of the enzyme inside the organelles.     

Molecular cloning and expression of a Cu/Zn-Containing superoxide dismutase from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Thellungiella halophila</Emphasis>

Superoxide dismutases (SODs) constitute the first line of cellular defense against oxidative stress in plants. SODs generally occur in three different forms with Cu/Zn, Fe, or Mn as prosthetic metals. We cloned the full-length cDNA of the Thellungiella halophila Cu/Zn-SOD gene ThCSD using degenerate RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Sequence analysis indicated that the ThCSD gene (GenBank accession number EF405867) had an open reading frame of 456 bp. The deduced 152-amino acid polypeptide had a predicted molecular weight of 15.1 kDa, an estimated pI of 5.4, and a putative Cu/Zn-binding site. Recombinant ThCSD protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and assayed for SOD enzymatic activity in a native polyacrylamide gel. The SOD activity of ThCSD was inactivated by potassium cyanide and hydrogen peroxide but not by sodium azide, confirming that ThCSD is a Cu/Zn-SOD. Northern blotting demonstrated that ThCSD is expressed in roots, stems, and leaves. ThCSD mRNA levels increased by about 30-fold when plants were treated with sodium chloride (NaCl), abscisic acid (ABA), and indole-acetic acid (IAA) and by about 50-fold when treated with UVB light. These results indicate that ThCSD is involved in physiological pathways activated by a variety of environmental conditions. These authors contributed equally to this work.     

换锦花和中国石蒜对干旱胁迫的生理响应

以2种春出叶石蒜属植物中国石蒜和换锦花为材料,通过盆栽控水试验,以适宜水分(最大持水量的75%~80%)为对照,设置干旱胁迫(最大持水量的35%~40%)处理,研究干旱胁迫对其幼苗生理生化指标的影响,以明确2种植物的耐旱特性。结果显示:(1)换锦花和中国石蒜幼苗叶片相对含水量(RWC)和叶绿素a、b含量均随着干旱胁迫时间的延长而降低。(2)换锦花可溶性糖含量和脯氨酸含量均随着干旱时间的延长表现出持续增加的趋势,而中国石蒜则表现出先升高后降低的趋势。(3)换锦花和中国石蒜幼苗叶片TBARS含量和相对电导率总体上呈增大趋势,并在干旱末期达到最大值;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均呈现出先上升后下降趋势。(4)换锦花和中国石蒜幼苗叶片净光合速率(Pn)、胞内二氧化碳浓度(Ci)和蒸腾速率(Tr)随着干旱胁迫时间延长均有不同程度下降。研究表明,在土壤干旱胁迫条件下,换锦花和中国石蒜幼苗叶片在水分生理、光合特性、渗透调节物质和抗氧化酶活性等方面表现出一定的差异,其中换锦花较中国石蒜表现出较强的耐旱性,且具有明显的优势。