桔青霉生产核酸酶的发酵条件研究

对通过紫外线和60Co两次育种得到的桔青霉W48高产菌株培养基的单组分和发酵条件进行了优化,最后又用正交实验对培养基的各组分的浓度进行了优化。得到了产酶量最高的培养基组分(质量分数)是:KH2PO40.05%,K2HPO40.03%,酵母膏+蛋白胨0.7%,CaCl20.02%,MgSO40.04%,ZnSO40.03%,葡萄糖5%,pH5.5。最佳发酵条件是:接种量10%,装液量50 mL,摇床转速180 r/min,温度30℃,发酵时间66 h。用最佳培养基和最佳发酵条件发酵生产核酸酶的酶活力为758.10 U/mL,原始菌种产核酸酶的酶活力为272.26 U/mL,提高了2.78倍。     

星形孢菌素产生菌H41-38的发酵工艺条件

本研究对菌株H41-38发酵生产星形孢菌素的工艺进行了研究.结果表明:30℃、96h为菌株摇瓶培养最适条件.玉米淀粉和酵母粉为最适碳、氮源.采用Fractional factorial design方法确定培养基成分的重要因子:酵母粉和粗盐,然后利用爬坡路径试验和响应面分析法优化了发酵效价取得最大值时酵母粉和粗盐含量,发酵效价最大理论值为252.31μg/mL,摇瓶实测值为251.28μg/mL,其发酵水平比优化前提高了4.33倍.在30L发酵罐(300r/min、30℃、V空气=10L/min～15L/min)中扩大培养84h后发酵效价达到286.44μg/mL,比摇瓶培养效价提高了45.16μg/mL,其发酵参数变化曲线可指导生产罐的应用生产.     

球衣菌合成聚羟基烷酸（PHA）的发醇研究

研究了球衣菌（Sphaerotilus sp.)W99136合成聚羟基烷酸（PHA）的培养基配方及发酵条件,结果表明,W99136适宜发醇培养基配方为：葡萄糖10.25g/L,蛋白胨2.63g/L,MgSO4.7H2O0.17g/L,CaCl0.05g/L,NaH2PO4.2H2O0.02G/l,K2HPO40.04g/L,KH2PO40.03g/L ,最佳接种量为0.138g(干）100mL,培养基适宜初始pH为7.0-7.5,发酵36h可获得较大的细胞干重与PHA产量,经H-NMR与GC分析,其PHA为羟基丁酸与羟基戊酸共聚体P(HB-co-HV) ,其中羟基戊酸（HV）含量达39．3％。     

万古霉素产生菌发酵培养基及发酵条件的优化

通过单因素分析和正交试验,对万古霉素产生菌的发酵培养基和发酵条件进行了研究,确定最佳的发酵培养基配方为葡萄糖2.0%,淀粉3.0%,豆粕1.8%,大豆粉2.2%,氯化钠0.2%,碳酸钙0.2%,与原培养基配方相比,优化后万古霉素的摇瓶发酵效价提高了11.2%。同时优化了部分发酵条件,即二级种接种量为10%,溶氧为摇床转速220 r/min时250 mL摇瓶装液量为25 mL。将优化后的发酵工艺进罐验证,其保持了较高的适应性和连续性。     

海洋细菌9912肽抗生素发酵条件优化研究

对海洋细菌 9912肽抗生素发酵培养基及培养条件进行了研究。结果表明 ,采用廉价的玉米粉、豆饼粉和葡萄糖即可得到良好的效果 ,比实验室培养基提高效价 11%。培养条件为 2 8℃ ,种龄 12h ,接种量 5 % ,发酵周期 2 0h。     

小单孢菌叠加诱变与发酵过程的研究

采用庆大霉素产生菌—绛红小单孢菌 (M. purpurea) 在培养36h时添加15μg/ml的青霉素,对培养至48h对数生长期的菌体进行紫外线照射+亚硝基胍复合处理,置培养箱中37℃培养5~8d待长出菌落后再用紫外线照射叠加处理,获得一高产菌株N-14。试管发酵生测效价1913u/ml(对照625u/ml);摇瓶发酵培养120h达2178(u/ml),比对照(1243u/ml)提高75.2%;并进行了5L发酵罐发酵培养,发酵过程中测定了发酵液还原糖、总糖、氨基氮、pH、菌体浓度等代谢参数,探索了适合N-14的培养条件,连续5批次生测效价平均1967u/ml,较对照1171u/ml提高了68%, 效果明显。     

β-葡聚糖酶高产菌株BS9418F的选育及其发酵条件的研究

经60 Coγ射线辐照处理获得的诱变菌株芽孢杆菌BS9418F ,其产酶活力比出发菌株提高 30 %以上。该菌株以大麦粉 7%、玉米粉 3%、豆粕 3%及适量无机盐为培养基最佳配比 ,其最适培养条件为 :培养基初始 pH 7.0 ,摇瓶装量 5 0mL/ 30 0mL三角瓶 ,种龄 16～ 2 0h ,接种量 2 %～ 3% ,培养温度 36～ 37℃ ,发酵周期 40h。在优化条件下 ,摇瓶发酵产 β 葡聚糖酶活力高达 5 5 0 0u/mL以上 ,比出发菌株初始发酵水平提高了 4倍以上     

林可霉素生产中三级种子罐的发酵工艺优化

【背景】林可霉素是一种在临床应用上占有重要地位的林可酰胺类抗生素,关于调控发酵生产中三级种子罐相关参数优化林可霉素发酵工艺的研究较少。【目的】优化林可霉素发酵工艺,提高林可霉素发酵效价及市场竞争力。【方法】对林可霉素生产中三级种子罐的培养基和接种量及三级种子移种菌龄进行优化。【结果】在三级种子罐培养基中葡萄糖、淀粉、玉米浆、黄豆饼粉和硫酸铵浓度分别为64.0、5.0、15.0、14.5和3.5 g/L,三级种子罐接种量为25%及三级种子移种菌龄为60 h的优化条件下,林可霉素四级发酵效价高达7 883 U/mL,比优化前效价提高了10%。【结论】对林可霉素生产中三级种子罐相关参数进行调控,初步优化了林可霉素发酵工艺,提高了发酵效价,为优化林可霉素发酵工艺提供了新思路。     

链霉菌FIM-0916产安福霉素的发酵条件优化

本文采用单因素和正交试验设计,对链霉菌 Streptomyces canus sp. FIM-0916产安福霉素的发酵培养基配方及发酵条件进行了优化。优化后的最佳培养基配方为：蔗糖1.5%,黄豆粉1.0%,组氨酸0.1%,KNO3 0.1%, CaCO3 0.1%。最佳发酵条件为：种子菌龄54 h,装液量120 mL/500 mL,接种量2%,发酵温度28℃,摇床转速250 r/min;最佳发酵时间为5 d。在该优化条件下,安福霉素的发酵效价比对照提高248%,为安福霉素的后续开发奠定了基础。     

南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B基因在大肠杆菌中的表达和发酵优化

旨在利用大肠杆菌实现南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B(CALB)基因的高效可溶性表达,并降低生产成本。构建带有不同信号肽的CALB基因表达质粒,转化至不同大肠杆菌宿主中,在摇瓶中进行基础培养基、诱导条件、培养基组成成分和进程曲线的优化。结果显示,带有PelB信号肽的重组菌pET25b-CALB-1/Rosetta(DE3)在20℃下使用0.5%(W/V)乳糖在TY培养基中诱导表达效果最好,优化后的合成培养基成分为1.75%(W/V)山梨醇、2.25%(W/V)鱼蛋白胨、1%(W/V)安琪酵母提取物、0.75%(W/V)Na2HPO4。在摇瓶中诱导60 h后,CALB酶活力最高达到35.67 U/mL,相比于初始发酵酶活力提高了17.77倍,是目前大肠杆菌生产CALB的最高水平。成功地构建了大肠杆菌表达系统,经过系统优化后,CALB的高水平可溶性表达得以实现。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV