软骨血管生成抑制因子抑制血管生成的研究

小牛气管软骨经盐酸胍抽提,丙酮分级沉淀,膜超滤,柱层析等步骤得到软骨血管生成抑制因子(cartilage angiogenesis inhibiting factor,CAIF).SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳显示CAIF由单一组分组成,分子量为27700.通过[ ³H]-TdR掺入,活细胞检测等方法测定CAIF对内皮细胞、Hela细胞、QGY7703细胞与小鼠骨髓细胞、人皮肤成纤维细胞等的DNA合成的影响,以及细胞毒作用.采用鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜实验测定CAIF对血管生成的抑制效应.结果显示:CAIF对内皮细胞产生强的抑制作用,对Hela细胞抑制很弱,对QGY7703细胞、小鼠骨髓细胞、人皮肤成纤维细胞均无抑制作用;对鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜的血管生成产生明显的抑制作用.提示CAIF能较特异地抑制血管生成,CAIF达到电泳纯,是专一性较强的血管生成抑制因子.     

血管生成抑制因子SCAIF80及其抗肿瘤效应

从鲨鱼软骨中提取、纯化出一种新的血管生成抑制因子－－鲨鱼软骨血管生成抑制因子80（shark carti-lage-derived angiogenesis inhibitory factor 80,SCAIF80）,SDS－PAGE银染分析显示一条带,分子量为80kD。利用血管内上细胞增殖、迁移抑制实验,证明SCAIF80能显著抑制血管内皮细胞的增殖与迁移,均有剂量依赖性。采用鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜分析,证明SCAIF80能显著抑制新生血管生成,动物抑瘤实验结果表明SCAIF80显著抑制小鼠肿瘤生长,对Lewis肺癌的抑瘤率达93.83%。上结果提示鲨鱼软骨含有一种新的蛋白质,可抑制新生血管生成,并因此抑制肿瘤生长。     

原核表达Arresten蛋白抑制血管生成作用

目的:研究原核表达的Arresten蛋白纯化品对血管内皮细胞及血管生成的抑制作用。方法:MTT法检测Arresten蛋白对人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)增殖的影响;流式细胞仪分析Arresten蛋白作用下HUVEC凋亡的情况;细胞迁移实验观察Arresten蛋白对HUVEC迁移能力的影响;鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜(CAM)实验观察Arresten蛋白对新生血管的抑制情况。结果:原核表达的Arresten蛋白纯化品能特异性地抑制 HUVEC的增殖、迁移,诱导HUVEC的凋亡,并在一定范围内呈现出剂量—效应关系。Arresten蛋白能有效抑制鸡胚尿囊膜血管的生长(P<0.01)。结论:原核表达的Arresten蛋白纯化品对内皮细胞有特异的抑制作用,能有效抑制血管生成。     

合欢皮提取物抑制血管生成作用的研究

本文采用体外细胞培养法和体内鸡胚尿囊绒膜模型、荷瘤模型检测合欢皮提取物抑制人微血管内皮细胞(HMEC-1)的增殖、迁移活性,观察合欢皮提取物的抑制血管生成情况.发现合欢皮提取物能显著抑制HMEC-1的增殖(IC_(50)为30μg/mL)和迁移,并且呈明显的剂量依赖性.在体内同时具有抑制鸡胚尿囊膜和肿瘤组织中血管生成的作用.     

顺式CA1P对肿瘤细胞增殖和血管生成的影响

目的:研究顺式考布他汀二磷酸四钠(cis-CA1P)对体外培养肿瘤细胞增殖的作用,以及对鸡胚尿囊膜血管和离体培养的大鼠主动脉环血管生成的影响。方法:通过测定MTT评价药物对体外培养肿瘤细胞的作用;建立培养鸡胚尿囊膜模型、离体培养大鼠动脉环,研究顺式CA1P对血管生成的影响。结果:顺式CA1P对MGC-803人胃癌细胞、U937人急性髓系白血病细胞、A375人黑色素瘤细胞、HCT116人结肠癌细胞、MDA-MB-231人乳腺癌细胞、K562人白血病细胞具有显著的生长抑制作用,且呈明显的浓度依赖性;顺式CA1P呈剂量依赖性抑制鸡胚尿囊膜血管及离体培养的大鼠主动脉环血管生成,并可以抑制血管内皮细胞的运动及血管网络状结构形成。结论:顺式CA1P具有抑制肿瘤细胞增殖和抗血管生成的作用。     

白芨中萜类化合物通过诱导血管内皮细胞凋亡抑制血管生成

本文研究了白芨中的萜类化合物对血管生成的抑制作用．及其抑制血管生成的可能机制。采用萃取和色谱法从白芨中分离和纯化了该萜类化合物。通过鸡胚绒毛囊膜（CAM）和人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）研究了白芨中萜类化合物及其粗提物对血管及血管内皮细胞的抑制作用。结果表明,含该萜类的粗提物显著抑制鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管生成;该萜类纯品能明显抑制HUVEC增殖,且可诱导HUVEC凋亡,包括细胞体积缩小,细胞膜起泡,细胞核裂解,染色质浓缩和边集,出现凋亡小体,DNA降解。因此．白芨萜类化合物的抗血管生成作用与诱导血管内皮细胞凋亡有关。     

新型埃博霉素衍生物对血管新生抑制作用的研究

研究新合成的新型埃博霉素单甲基衍生物对血管新生的影响,以期阐明埃博霉素在肿瘤细胞和血管新生中的效应及其所作用的重要途径,为药物新靶点的开发提供理论依据.首先,以人脐静脉内皮细胞为研究对象,利用MTT法检测细胞增殖,Transwell法检测细胞迁移和侵润,明胶酶谱分析金属基质蛋白酶MMP2的活性,RT PCR检测MMP2 RNA表达水平|然后以鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜为模型,研究该衍生物对血管新生的影响.结果表明:1）新型埃博霉素单甲基衍生物可以显著抑制人脐静脉内皮细胞HUVEC的增殖、迁移和侵润以及Ⅳ型胶原酶分泌; 2）新型埃博霉素单甲基衍生物可以使鸡胚尿囊膜产生明显的无血管区,对血管新生产生明显的抑制作用. 结果说明,新型埃博霉素单甲基衍生物可以通过抑制血管内皮细胞的增殖、迁移、侵润以及Ⅳ型胶原酶分泌等显著抑制诱导血管新生过程的步骤,最终抑制血管新生.     

人vasostatin的克隆、表达、纯化及活性检测

从成人肝脏cDNA文库中,PCR扩增得到人vasostatin基因编码区序列,将此序列插入原核表达载体pQE30进行表达,SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)测定表明产物以包涵体形式存在,表达量占菌体总蛋白量的50%以上.包涵体洗涤后溶于8 mol/L尿素溶液,在变性条件下通过镍-氨三乙酸(Ni-NTA)金属螯合亲和层析柱进行纯化后,再经透析进行复性.N端氨基酸序列、分子质量、等电点等理化指标的测定结果与理论值相符.用内皮细胞增殖试验、内皮细胞迁移试验以及鸡胚尿囊膜血管生成试验等方法进行活性检测,证实复性的表达产物具有抑制内皮细胞增殖和迁移、抑制鸡胚尿囊膜血管生成的功能.     

基质金属蛋白酶-2 C端片段PEX的原核表达及其对血管发生的抑制作用

为了克隆表达鸡的基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)的C端片段PEX,并探讨其对血管发生的抑制作用,利用RT-PCR从鸡胚成纤维细胞克隆MMP-2 C端片段PEX,构建原核表达载体pCal-n-PEX;转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)-pLys,异丙基β-D硫代半乳糖苷（IPTG）诱导产生PEX融合蛋白,包涵体蛋白用盐酸胍法变性、复性;生长曲线观察PEX融合蛋白对人脐静脉血管内皮细胞增殖的影响;鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管发生实验研究其对血管发生的抑制作用.结果表明融合蛋白CBP/PEX具有抑制人脐静脉血管内皮细胞的生长和鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管发生的作用.提示PEX是有待进一步开发的潜在抑制血管发生的药物.     

文摘

030 0 0 1血管生成抑制因子ＴＳＦ的设计、表达及其对血管生成的抑制效应〔中〕/沈先荣… / /科学通报 .- 2 0 0 1,46 (13) .- 10 74～ 10 80ＰＦ4的Ｃ 末端 13肽和ＴＳＰ1的 42 9～ 45 9片段 31肽通过Ｇｌｙ Ｐｒｏ Ｇｌｙ肽桥设计为融合蛋白ＴＳＦ。采用ｐＧＥＸ 2Ｔ载体在Ｅ .ｃｏｌｉＪＭ10 9中获得了ＴＳＦ蛋白的高效表达。采用ＭＴＴ方法、损伤细胞迁移实验、鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜实验和小鼠移植肿瘤抑制实验 ,测定了ＴＳＦ及其相关物ＧＳＴ ＴＳＦ ,ＰＦ4(5 8～ 70 ) ,ＴＳＰ1(42 9～ 45 9)等对血管生成和肿瘤生长的抑制效应。结果显示ＴＳ…     

Endostatin inhibits human tongue carcinoma cell invasion and intravasation and blocks the activation of matrix metalloprotease-2, -9, and -13

Endostatin, a 20-kDa collagen XVIII fragment, inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo, but the mechanisms are still unclear. Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), a family of extracellular and membrane-associated endopeptidases, collectively digest almost all extracellular matrix and basement membrane components, and thus play an important role in tumor progression. We studied the effects of recombinant human endostatin on human MMP-2, -9, -8, and -13. We found that endostatin inhibited the activation and catalytic activity of pro-MMP-9 and -13 as well as recombinant pro-MMP-2. It prevented the fragmentation of pro-MMP-2 that was associated with reduction of catalytic activity. Endostatin had no effect on MMP-8 as shown by collagenase activity assays. An in vitro migration assay and an in vivo chicken chorioallantoic membrane intravasation assay with the human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line HSC-3 revealed the biphasic nature of endostatin; low endostatin concentrations inhibited intravasation and migration of these cells in a dose-dependent manner, but at increased concentrations, the inhibitory effect was far less efficient. The results show that endostatin blocks the activation and activities of certain tumor-associated pro-MMPs, such as pro-MMP-2, -9, and -13, which may explain, at least in part, the antitumor effect of endostatin. Our results also suggest that endostatin inhibits tumor progression by directly affecting the tumor cells and not just acting via endothelial cells and blockage of angiogenesis.     

Homocysteine inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo

Homocysteine has been reported to inhibit endothelial cell proliferation, which is closely related to angiogenesis. However, the relationship between homocysteine and angiogenesis is unknown. To clarify whether homocysteine would inhibit angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, we examined the effect of homocysteine on tube formation by bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) and by human microvessel endothelial cell-1 (HMEC-1) in vitro, and on angiogenesis in vivo using the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, as well as on BAEC proliferation and migration. Homocysteine, but not cysteine, inhibited BAEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations from 0 to 10 mM. Homocysteine also inhibited tube formation by HMEC-1s. In these assay, 50% inhibition was induced by about 1 mM homocysteine. In the in vivo CAM assay, 0, 10, 100, 500, and 1000 microgram homocysteine induced an avascular zone by 0, 0, 16.7, 53.3 and 76.5%, respectively, also showing a dose-dependent effect. It was suggested that homocysteine inhibited angiogenesis by preventing proliferation and migration of endothelial cells.     

Activated Notch4 inhibits angiogenesis: role of beta 1-integrin activation

Notch4 is a member of the Notch family of transmembrane receptors that is expressed primarily on endothelial cells. Activation of Notch in various cell systems has been shown to regulate cell fate decisions. The sprouting of endothelial cells from microvessels, or angiogenesis, involves the modulation of the endothelial cell phenotype. Based on the function of other Notch family members and the expression pattern of Notch4, we postulated that Notch4 activation would modulate angiogenesis. Using an in vitro endothelial-sprouting assay, we show that expression of constitutively active Notch4 in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) inhibits endothelial sprouting. We also show that activated Notch4 inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis in the chick chorioallantoic membrane in vivo. Activated Notch4 does not inhibit HMEC-1 proliferation or migration through fibrinogen. However, migration through collagen is inhibited. Our data show that Notch4 cells exhibit increased beta1-integrin-mediated adhesion to collagen. HMEC-1 expressing activated Notch4 do not have increased surface expression of beta 1-integrins. Rather, we demonstrate that Notch4-expressing cells display beta1-integrin in an active, high-affinity conformation. Furthermore, using function-activating beta 1-integrin antibodies, we demonstrate that activation of beta1-integrins is sufficient to inhibit VEGF-induced endothelial sprouting in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo. Our findings suggest that constitutive Notch4 activation in endothelial cells inhibits angiogenesis in part by promoting beta 1-integrin-mediated adhesion to the underlying matrix.     

Transferrin Promotes Endothelial Cell Migration and Invasion: Implication in Cartilage Neovascularization

During endochondral bone formation, avascular cartilage differentiates to hypertrophic cartilage that then undergoes erosion and vascularization leading to bone deposition. Resting cartilage produces inhibitors of angiogenesis, shifting to production of angiogenic stimulators in hypertrophic cartilage. A major protein synthesized by hypertrophic cartilage both in vivo and in vitro is transferrin. Here we show that transferrin is a major angiogenic molecule released by hypertrophic cartilage. Endothelial cell migration and invasion is stimulated by transferrins from a number of different sources, including hypertrophic cartilage. Checkerboard analysis demonstrates that transferrin is a chemotactic and chemokinetic molecule. Chondrocyte-conditioned media show similar properties. Polyclonal anti-transferrin antibodies completely block endothelial cell migration and invasion induced by purified transferrin and inhibit the activity produced by hypertrophic chondrocytes by 50–70% as compared with controls. Function-blocking mAbs directed against the transferrin receptor similarly reduce the endothelial migratory response. Chondrocytes differentiating in the presence of serum produce transferrin, whereas those that differentiate in the absence of serum do not. Conditioned media from differentiated chondrocytes not producing transferrin have only 30% of the endothelial cell migratory activity of parallel cultures that synthesize transferrin.

The angiogenic activity of transferrins was confirmed by in vivo assays on chicken egg chorioallantoic membrane, showing promotion of neovascularization by transferrins purified from different sources including conditioned culture medium.

Based on the above results, we suggest that transferrin is a major angiogenic molecule produced by hypertrophic chondrocytes during endochondral bone formation.

     

Connective tissue growth factor induces the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of vascular endothelial cells in vitro, and angiogenesis in vivo.

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a novel cysteine-rich, secreted protein. Recently, we found that inhibition of the endogenous expression of CTGF by its antisense oligonucleotide and antisense RNA suppresses the proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells. In the present study, the following observations demonstrated the angiogenic function of CTGF in vitro and in vivo: (i) purified recombinant CTGF (rCTGF) promoted the adhesion, proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner under serum-free conditions, and these effects were inhibited by anti-CTGF antibodies; (ii) rCTGF markedly induced the tube formation of vascular endothelial cells, and this effect was stronger than that of basic fibroblast growth factor or vascular endothelial growth factor; (iii) application of rCTGF to the chicken chorioallantoic membrane resulted in a gross angiogenic response, and this effect was also inhibited by anti-CTGF antibodies. (iv) rCTGF injected with collagen gel into the backs of mice induced strong angiogenesis in vivo. These findings indicate that CTGF is a novel, potent angiogenesis factor which functions in multi-stages in this process.     

HARP induces angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro: implication of N or C terminal peptides

HARP (heparin affin regulatory peptide) is a growth factor displaying high affinity for heparin. In the present work, we studied the ability of human recombinant HARP as well as its two terminal peptides (HARP residues 1-21 and residues 121-139) to promote angiogenesis. HARP stimulates endothelial cell tube formation on matrigel, collagen and fibrin gels, stimulates endothelial cell migration and induces angiogenesis in the in vivo chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay. The two HARP peptides seem to be involved in most of the angiogenic effects of HARP. They both stimulate in vivo angiogenesis and in vitro endothelial cell migration and tube formation on matrigel. We conclude that HARP has an angiogenic activity when applied exogenously in several in vitro and in vivo models of angiogenesis and its NH(2) and COOH termini seem to play an important role.     

Functional consequences of prolactin signalling in endothelial cells: a potential link with angiogenesis in pathophysiology?

Prolactin is best known as the polypeptide anterior pituitary hormone, which regulates the development of the mammary gland. However, it became clear over the last decade that prolactin contributes to a broad range of pathologies, including breast cancer. Prolactin is also involved in angiogenesis via the release of pro-angiogenic factors by leukocytes and epithelial cells. However, whether prolactin also influences endothelial cells, and whether there are functional consequences of prolactin-induced signalling in the perspective of angiogenesis, remains so far elusive. In the present study, we show that prolactin induces phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and STAT5 and induces tube formation of endothelial cells on Matrigel. These effects are blocked by a specific prolactin receptor antagonist, del1-9-G129R-hPRL. Moreover, in an in vivo model of the chorioallantoic membrane of the chicken embryo, prolactin enhances vessel density and the tortuosity of the vasculature and pillar formation, which are hallmarks of intussusceptive angiogenesis. Interestingly, while prolactin has only little effect on endothelial cell proliferation, it markedly stimulates endothelial cell migration. Again, migration was reverted by del1-9-G129R-hPRL, indicating a direct effect of prolactin on its receptor. Immunohistochemistry and spectral imaging revealed that the prolactin receptor is present in the microvasculature of human breast carcinoma tissue. Altogether, these results suggest that prolactin may directly stimulate angiogenesis, which could be one of the mechanisms by which prolactin contributes to breast cancer progression, thereby providing a potential tool for intervention.     

Interaction of plasminogen-related protein B with endothelial and smooth muscle cells in vitro

Plasminogen-related protein B (PRP-B) closely resembles the N-terminal plasminogen activation peptide, which is released from plasminogen during conversion to plasmin. We have previously demonstrated that the steady-state level of mRNA encoding PRP-B is increased within tumor tissues, and that recombinant PRP-B antagonizes neoplastic growth when administered systemically to mice harboring tumors, but no insights into the cell targets of PRP-B have been presented. Employing serum-free medium optimized for culturing human endothelial or smooth muscle cells, we show that recombinant PRP-B inhibits basic fibroblast growth factor-dependent cell migration for both cell types, as well as tube formation of endothelial cells. Comparison with the angiogenesis inhibitors angiostatin and endostatin revealed similar results. Recombinant PRP-B is effective in promoting cell attachment of endothelial and smooth muscle cells, and antibody interference experiments reveal that the interaction of recombinant PRP-B with endothelial cells is mediated at least in part by alpha(v)-containing integrins. Inhibition of angiogenesis in vivo by PRP-B was demonstrated in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay. PRP-B and other antiangiogenic molecules may elicit metabolic perturbations in endothelial cells as well as perivascular mesenchymal cells such as smooth muscle cells and pericytes.