固始鸡1日龄和36周龄下丘脑高丰度差异性MiRNA的鉴定及功能预测分析

为鉴定鸡下丘脑发育相关特异性表达miRNA,基于固始鸡1日龄和36周龄下丘脑小RNA的Solexa测序数据,共鉴定到266种2个发育阶段共表达的miRNA,其中157种miRNA的表达水平被显著下调,22种被显著上调.聚类分析显示,鸡下丘脑高丰度差异性miRNA主要集中于let-7、mir-181、mir-30、mir-99、mir-1和mir-17等基因家族.另外,预测了10种高丰度差异性miRNA的靶基因,并进行了相应的GO分析和KEGG通路分析.结果显示,预测靶基因在发育过程、代谢过程、细胞过程和生物学过程调节等4个生物学过程以及细胞周期、粘着斑、TGF-beta信号通路和MAPK信号通路等通路中显著富集.研究结果为进一步揭示miRNA调控鸡下丘脑发育的分子机制提供了有益线索.     

基于RNA-seq技术对大骨鸡垂体及下丘脑组织的SNP/InDel分析

下丘脑和垂体调节母鸡的生殖生理和产蛋性能。为了解其产卵调控机制,利用RNA-seq技术对高产和低产庄河大骨鸡的下丘脑和垂体组织进行测序和分析,获得SNP/InDel位点,并进行数据统计及生物信息学分析,以鸡基因组作为参考,对SNP所在基因进行GO富集分析。结果显示:SNP/InDel纯合子变异体数量高于杂合子变异体数量,垂体组织中的SNP/InDel数量高于下丘脑组织;SNP类型转换种类少于颠换,但转换类型的数量却远远高于颠换;垂体组织中的SNP所在基因的GO富集程度与生产性能呈负相关关系(P0.05),下丘脑组织中的SNP所在基因的GO富集程度与生产性能呈正相关关系(P0.05)。研究结果为大骨鸡的选育以及改善其生产性能的研究提供了理论依据。     

鸡miR-9不同组织表达差异及其功能预测分析

miRNA在动物生长发育过程中有重要作用. 本文采用定制茎环反转录引物,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术构建miR-9在鸡2个阶段11个组织中的表达谱,同时用TargetScan5.1与PicTar两种计算方法对其进行靶基因预测,交集的基因集合分别进行GO（gene ontology）富集分析和生物通路富集分析. 结果表明,采用实时定量PCR检测的miR-9在鸡下丘脑中的表达量和高通量测序结果一致;采用实时定量PCR在对不同组织定量结果表明,miR-9在0日龄鸡的肾脏、下丘脑、腿肌和大脑中高丰度表达,在成年鸡表达量较高为大脑、腿肌、心脏、小脑和下丘脑.在同一组织的0日龄和成年鸡中表达呈现时序性,除肝脏的表达量差异不显著,其他10个组织miR-9表达量差异显著（P<0.05）.预测到交集靶基因有160个.涉及到多个KEGG通路和GO富集中.GO分类结果显示,这些基因分布于63个群中,其中基因超过45个基因群集有26个群,与代谢有关的群有11个. 其它与发育、调控等过程有关. 在KEGG通路分析中,显著的通路有细胞骨架调控、细胞增殖和分化有关的通路（P<0.01）等5个通路. 表明miR 9基因的表达有组织和时序特异性,靶基因参与细胞代谢、生长发育和调控.这些结果为进一步验证miR 9基因在在脑中调控生长发育过程中的作用奠定了基础.     

H9N2型禽流感病毒HA基因的克隆及其DNA疫苗的动物免疫试验

血凝素(HA)是决定禽流感病毒的毒力强弱和免疫原性的主要蛋白质．根据已发表的149亚型AIV的HA基因序列,设计合成了1对H9HA特异引物,以AIV A／Chicken／Henan／1／1999／(H9N2)核酸为模板,通过RT-PCR扩增出1条1．6kb cDNA片段。将HA基因插入pVAXI中,构建了真核表达质粒pVAX-H9,采用活体电击法免疫3周龄SPF鸡10只,剂量为50μg/只,3周后加强免疫一次,5周后以100倍鸡胚感染剂量(EID)的HA基因同源病毒对所有鸡进行攻毒,其间每周检测抗体水平变化,6周后以棉拭子进行泄殖腔病毒分离,结果为攻毒后免疫组鸡HI效价为9log2-10log2,对照组为2log2-4log2;免疫组病毒分离数为0／10。对照组为10／10,表明所构建的HA基因表达质粒可作为基因疫苗诱导鸡产生免疫保护反应。     

H9N2亚型禽流感病毒HA基因的克隆及其DNA疫苗的动物免疫试验

血凝素(HA)是决定禽流感病毒的毒力强弱和免疫原性的主要蛋白质.根据已发表的H9亚型AIV的HA基因序列,设计合成了1对H9 HA特异引物,以AIV A/Chicken/Henan/1/1999/(H9N2)核酸为模板,通过RT-PCR扩增出1条1.6 kb cDNA片段.将HA基因插入pVAX1中,构建了真核表达质粒pVAX-H9.采用活体电击法免疫3周龄SPF鸡10只,剂量为50 μg/只,3周后加强免疫一次,5周后以100倍鸡胚感染剂量(EID)的HA基因同源病毒对所有鸡进行攻毒.其间每周检测抗体水平变化,6周后以棉拭子进行泄殖腔病毒分离.结果为攻毒后免疫组鸡HI效价为9log2～10log2,对照组为2log2～4log2;免疫组病毒分离数为0/10,对照组为10/10.表明所构建的HA基因表达质粒可作为基因疫苗诱导鸡产生免疫保护反应.     

根田鼠下丘脑促性腺激素释放激素的放射免疫学测定

利用大鼠促性腺激素释放激素放射免疫学测定试剂检测了根田鼠下丘脑促性腺激素释放激素水平．测定线性范围为2.5 Pg至160pg/管,批内和批间差为1.7％ (n=10)和7.8%（n=4),样品平均标准回收率为108.2±8.4％。根田鼠下丘脑促性腺激素释放激素测定为0.28±0.04 ng/mg湿重组织。从根田鼠下丘脑提取物稀释曲线与大鼠(人工合成)促性腺激素释放激素有较好的平行关系判断, 可以推知根田鼠下丘脑促性腺激素释放激素结构活性类似于大鼠(人工合成)的活性。     

心钠素在GABA调节下丘脑正中隆起LHRH释放的介导作用研究

已证明脑神经递质GABA可促进下丘脑正中隆起LHRH神经元末梢的释放功能,这一作用可能通过抑制某些抑制性神经递质或调质释放而实现。本研究旨在观察作为体内循环调节肽的心钠素在大鼠脑内的分布,对LHRH释放的影响及对GABA调节LHRH释放的中介作用。实验结果发现:(1)雄性大鼠不同脑区心钠素的含量不同,其中以下丘脑正中隆起组织含量最高;(2)不同浓度的心钠素(10~(-8)-10~(-6)mol/L)可显著抑制LHRH从下丘脑正中隆起释放,并呈现剂量反应关系。(3)GABA(10~(-6)mol/L组)可显著抑制心钠素的释放;GABA的这一抑制作用可被GABA受体拮抗剂荷包牡丹碱(Bicuculline)完全反转。上述结果提示心钠素参与调节下丘脑正中隆起(ME)LHRH神经元末梢的释放机能,它亦可能介导GABA对下丘脑正中隆起LHRH的调节作用。     

nov基因的表达与脑的种系发育分化平行相关

用地高辛标记的cRNA探针原位杂交组织化学方法研究了鲢、鸡、牛、犬和猫脑肾母细胞瘤过度表达是基因阳性神经元的比较发育。结果显示,低等脊椎动物鲢脑仅有少量nov mRNA阳性神经元,分布于延髓的迷走神经背核、三叉神经背核、丘脑前核、丘脑后核、下丘脑背侧核、下丘脑外侧核。鸡脑阳性神经元除广泛分布于脑干外,小脑、丘脑的多数核闭、下丘脑的背侧核、腹侧核和后核以及大脑纹状体等多数脑区也有一定分布。哺乳动物牛、犬和猛脑中nov mRNA阳性神经元广泛分布,在脑干、小脑、间脑和大脑都检测到强烈阳性信号。以上结果表明,在众低等脊椎动物到高等脊椎动物的进化过程中nov基因的表达也从低级中枢向高级中枢扩展,提示该基因的表达与脑的种系发育、脑功能的分化平行相关。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病上海超强毒株NH99的分离与鉴定

通过对上海近郊某鸡场数群 10日龄左右的病鸡的临床症状、病理变化、病毒分离、纯化、动物回归、血清学检测及病毒核酸纯化、VP2基因序列的测定与分析 ,确认上海地区以发病日龄早 ,发病率、死亡率高为特征的鸡传染病为超强毒型鸡传染性法氏囊病 ,病原具有鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒超强毒 (vvIBDV)的分子特征 ,为vvIBDV。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病上海超强毒株NH99的分离与鉴定

通过对上海近郊某鸡场数群10日龄左右的病鸡的临床症状、病理变化、病毒分离、纯化、动物回归、血清学检测及病毒核酸纯化、VP2基因序列的测定与分析,确认上海地区以发病日龄早,发病率、死亡率高为特征的鸡传染病为超强毒型鸡传染性法氏囊病,病原具有鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒超强毒 (vvIBDV)的分子特征,为vvIBDV.     

Characterization of expressed sequence tags from a gallus gallus pineal gland cDNA library

The pineal gland is the circadian oscillator in the chicken, regulating diverse functions ranging from egg laying to feeding. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) isolated from a chicken pineal gland cDNA library. A total of 192 unique sequences were analysed and submitted to GenBank; 6% of the ESTs matched neither GenBank cDNA sequences nor the newly assembled chicken genomic DNA sequence, three ESTs aligned with sequences designated to be on the Z_random, while one matched a W chromosome sequence and could be useful in cataloguing functionally important genes on this sex chromosome. Additionally, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified and validated in 10 ESTs that showed 98% or higher sequence similarity to known chicken genes. Here, we have described resources that may be useful in comparative and functional genomic analysis of genes expressed in an important organ, the pineal gland, in a model and agriculturally important organism.     

Developing microsatellite markers from cDNA: a tool for adding expressed sequence tags to the genetic linkage map of the chicken

A chicken embryonic cDNA library was screened with a (TG)₁₃ probe in order to develop polymorphic microsatellite markers. The redundancy of the embryonic cDNA library with a chicken brain cDNA library, which was used for microsatellite development in a previous study, was extremely high. Of the 300 (TG)₁₃ positive clones, only 80 were unique for the embryonic cDNA library. Still, nine expressed sequences derived from the embryonic cDNA library were mapped in the Wageningen (WAU) resource population. In addition seven microsatellite markers from the chicken brain cDNA library, which were monomorphic or unlinked in the two international reference families in the previous study, were also mapped in the WAU population. Three of the 16 mapped chicken expressed sequence tags (ESTs) showed relatively high percentages of sequence similarity to sequences found in other species. As two of these genes, RAB6 and ZFX/ZFY, have been mapped in humans, they contribute to the comparative map of the chicken.     

Characterization of a Human Fovea cDNA Library and Regional Differential Gene Expression in the Human Retina

The primate fovea is the region of the retina responsible for acute vision. This region constitutes less than 5% of the total area of the retina and has not been intensely studied at the molecular level. As a first step in the molecular characterization of the fovea, we have constructed a primary human fovea cDNA library. Experiments confirm that our cDNA library reflects a nonbiased distribution of foveal expressed sequences. Single-pass sequencing was performed on 209 randomly isolated clones from this library. Analysis of the sequences generated reveals that the distributions of fovea clones with either human mitochondrial gene sequences or repetitive elements are different than those observed in cDNA libraries made from other tissues. A significant number of the fovea expressed sequence tags (ESTs) (88, 42.1%) represent novel human ESTs. This suggests that the library will be useful in identifying new human genes. Northern analysis of specific fovea ESTs defined in this study suggests that there are significant quantitative differences in gene expression that distinguish the fovea from the rest of the retina.