小檗碱与胰蛋白酶的相互作用

小檗碱对胰蛋白酶有抑制作用.应用紫外光谱和荧光光谱进一步研究发现小檗碱使胰蛋白酶的紫外吸收光谱发生改变,特征荧光峰产生静态淬灭.据Forster非辐射能量转移理论,在20和37℃时,测定了小檗碱-胰蛋白酶间的结合常数和结合位点数,确定了作用力主要为疏水作用力.     

白腐真菌共培养对磺胺二甲基嘧啶降解的影响

磺胺类抗生素是全国检出频率较高的一种抗菌药物,目前对磺胺类抗生素的生物降解方面研究较少,而生物法具有无二次污染、绿色环保的优点。因此本实验对杂色云芝和黄孢原毛平革菌共培养降解磺胺二甲基嘧啶进行研究。采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)和紫外分光光度计分别分析抗生素的浓度与酶活。结果显示,平板对峙实验中两菌种间菌丝呈僵持状,种间区域漆酶酶活始终高于其他区域。两种白腐真菌液体混配4 d时可以获得具有较高漆酶酶活的粗酶液,该粗酶液在48 h内对磺胺二甲基嘧啶的降解率为25.4%,明显高于杂色云芝纯培养粗酶液的降解率(9.6%)。在加入天然助氧剂和人工助氧剂2,2'-联氨双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(简称ABTS)后,混配粗酶液的降解率分别增至49%和93.1%。种间作用可以通过增加漆酶酶活以及产生助氧剂提升抗生素降解率,因此,共培养的白腐真菌可以作为抗生素污染生物治理的主要手段之一。     

葛根素对胃蛋白酶部分性质的影响

考察葛根素对胃蛋白酶的抑制作用,并通过紫外光谱法和荧光光谱法研究葛根素与胃蛋白酶的结合方式。以1/v对抑制剂量用Dixon作图法得出ki值为0.51×103mol/L,抑制剂类型为非竞争性抑制。葛根素与胃蛋白酶分子结合形成稳定缔合物,从而改变后者分子构象,使胃蛋白酶的紫外吸收差谱迅速增强,特征荧光峰产生静态淬灭。     

茶碱对胰α-淀粉酶的抑制类型及光谱性质

考察茶碱对胰α-淀粉酶的抑制作用,并通过紫外光谱法和荧光光谱法研究茶碱与胰α-淀粉酶的结合方式.以1/v对抑制剂量用Dixon作图法得出Ki值为0.59×10-2 mol/L,抑制剂类型为非竞争性抑制.茶碱镶嵌于胰α-淀粉酶分子之间,形成了特定结构的缔合物,从而改变后者分子构象,使胰α-淀粉酶的紫外吸收差谱迅速增强,特征荧光峰产生静态淬灭.     

纤维素酶在二甲基亚砜微扰条件下的动力学行为和光谱学变化

为了探索二甲基亚砜对纤维素酶催化活性的影响,以羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)为底物来研究纤维素酶纯酶在二甲基亚砜中的动力学变化、紫外吸收光谱、紫外差示光谱和荧光发射光谱。实验表明:在3%的二甲基亚砜中,纤维素酶的催化活性下降了46.78%;其Km值从缓冲液中的2.500 mg/mL上升到二甲基亚砜中的3.922 mg/mL;在二甲基亚砜中,酶分子的肽键紫外吸收稍有改变,但其氨基酸基团的紫外吸收没有改变;其紫外差示光谱出现明显的正峰和负峰;其荧光发射光谱没有改变。研究结果证明:二甲基亚砜通过轻微改变酶分子的肽链结构,使分子构象改变,导致酶分子对底物的亲和力下降,从而降低其催化活性。     

硫酸粘菌素对碱性磷酸酶部分性质的影响

硫酸粘菌素对碱性磷酸酶有抑制作用,用Dixon作图求出抑制常数为Ki=4.88×10-6mol/L,抑制类型为非竞争性抑制.通过紫外吸收光谱,发现硫酸粘菌素引起碱性磷酸酶的空间结构发生改变;由荧光光谱变化,发现硫酸粘菌素对碱性磷酸酶有荧光淬灭作用,淬灭机理是因能量转移而引起的静态淬灭.     

血竭超临界提取物的降血糖作用及其机制研究

为了研究血竭超临界提取物的降血糖作用及其机制,用正常小鼠和四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠模型,以血糖、糖耐量为指标研究血竭超临界提取物的降糖作用。通过测定体外α-葡萄糖苷酶的活力,观察血竭超临界提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用。结果发现血竭超临界提取物对正常小鼠空腹血糖无明显降低作用,能改善小鼠对蔗糖的耐受力,能降低四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病小鼠的空腹血糖水平,能抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性。表明血竭超临界提取物对糖尿病小鼠有较好的降糖作用,对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用可能是其降血糖的机制之一。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定17种磺胺类药物的研究

建立了高效液相色谱-紫外法同时测定17种磺胺类药物的分析方法.主要研究了色谱柱、流动相配比对磺胺类药物分离的影响.通过研究,确定了最佳液相色谱分析条件.分离条件为:YMC ODS-C18柱;以2%乙酸溶液、乙腈和甲醇作为流动相,进行梯度洗脱;检测波长为270 nm.该方法的检测限为:磺胺胍和磺胺为2.0 ng/ml,磺胺二甲氧哒嗪、磺胺二甲基嘧啶、磺胺多辛、磺胺胍、磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺甲噻二唑、磺胺甲基异噁唑、磺胺甲氧哒嗪、磺胺6-甲氧嘧啶、磺胺二甲基噁唑、磺胺、磺胺吡啶、磺胺喹噁啉、磺胺噻唑和磺胺异噁唑均为5.0 ng/ml.各组分的回收率在81.3%～97.9%,相对标准偏差在0.1%～4.3%.     

黄原胶寡糖的抗氧化性能和非酶糖基化抑制作用研究

分别在酸性和碱性条件下通过氧化降解制备了两种黄原胶寡糖XG-H和XG-OH.红外光谱法对黄原胶寡糖的结构进行表征,凝胶渗透色谱法测定黄原胶寡糖的分子量,紫外可见分光光度法测定黄原胶寡糖的丙酮酸和还原糖含量,考察了两种黄原胶寡糖的抗氧化性能和非酶糖基化(NEG)的抑制作用.结果表明,XG-H和XG-OH都表现出一定的抗氧化能力且XG-OH强于XG-H; XG-OH促进5-羟甲基糠醛(非酶糖基化中间产物)的生成,但可显著抑制非酶糖基化荧光末端产物的生成.而XG-H表现出非酶糖基化促进作用.这可能与两种黄原胶寡糖的丙酮酸和还原糖含量有关.     

葡萄球菌耐药性的监测分析

目的：研究葡萄球菌的感染及耐药性状况,指导临床合理用药。方法：常规方法及阳光微生物鉴定仪鉴定菌株。药敏试验用革兰阳性需氧球菌药敏检测卡,检测耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）和耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（MRCNS）,金黄色葡萄球菌（SA）和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（CNS）对12种抗生素的耐药率。结果：158株葡萄球菌中,MRSA占47.5%（78/158）,MRCNS占21.5%(34/158),SA占70.9%（112/158）,CNS占29.1%(46/158)。耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌（MRS）对12种抗生素的耐药率均高于甲氧西林敏感葡萄球菌（MSSA）。结论：MRSA的耐药性较高,需加强其抗生素的耐药性检测。     

粪臭素对胃蛋白酶部分理化性质的影响

采用紫外光谱法和荧光光谱法研究了粪臭素与胃蛋白酶的结合作用。观测到粪臭素使胃蛋白酶的紫外吸收峰增强,特征荧光峰淬灭。Stern-Volmer淬灭曲线显示,粪臭素对胃蛋白酶的荧光淬灭很可能是一个单一的静态淬灭过程。     

茶碱与胃蛋白酶相互作用的光谱性质研究

采用紫外光谱法和荧光光谱法研究了茶碱与胃蛋白酶的结合作用。观测到茶碱使胃蛋白酶的紫外吸收峰增强,特征荧光峰淬灭。Stern-Volmer淬灭曲线显示,茶碱对胃蛋白酶的荧光淬灭很可能是一个单一的静态淬灭过程。     

Synthesis and interaction of bovine serum albumin with p‐hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives

Three novel p‐hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives (HSOP, HSOX, HSCP) were synthesized from p‐hydroxybenzoic acid and sulfonamides (sulfamonomethoxine sodium, sulfamethoxazole and sulfachloropyridazine sodium) and characterized by elemental analysis, HNMR and MS. Interactions between derivatives and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were studied by fluorescence quenching spectra, UV–vis absorption spectra and time‐resolved fluorescence spectra. Based on fluorescence quenching calculation and Förster's non‐radioactive energy transfer theory, the values of the binding constants, basic thermodynamic parameters and binding distances were obtained. Experimental results indicated that the three derivatives had a strong ability to quench fluorescence from BSA and that the binding reactions of the derivatives with BSA were a static quenching process. Thermodynamic parameters showed that binding reactions were spontaneous and exothermic and hydrogen bond and van der Waals force were predominant intermolecular forces between the derivatives and BSA. Synchronous fluorescence spectra suggested that HSOX and HSCP had little effect on the microenvironment and conformation of BSA in the binding reactions but the microenvironments around tyrosine residues were disturbed and polarity around tyrosine residues increased in the presence of HSOP. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

芦丁对胃蛋白酶部分性质的影响

采用紫外光谱和荧光光谱研究芦丁与胃蛋白酶的相互作用。实验结果表明,加入芦丁使胃蛋白酶的紫外吸收差谱迅速增强,特征荧光峰产生静态淬灭,并求得芦丁与胃蛋白酶作用的形成常数。     

Fluorescent bovine serum albumin interacting with the antitussive quencher dextromethorphan: a spectroscopic insight

The interaction of dextromethorphan hydrobromide (DXM) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) is studied by using fluorescence spectra, UV–vis absorption, synchronous fluorescence spectra (SFS), 3D fluorescence spectra, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and circular dichroism under simulated physiological conditions. DXM effectively quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA. Values of the binding constant, K_A, are 7.159 × 10³, 9.398 × 10³ and 16.101 × 10³ L/mol; the number of binding sites, n, and the corresponding thermodynamic parameters ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° between DXM and BSA were calculated at different temperatures. The interaction between DXM and BSA occurs through dynamic quenching and the effect of DXM on the conformation of BSA was analyzed using SFS. The average binding distance, r, between the donor (BSA) and acceptor (DXM) was determined based on Förster's theory. The results of fluorescence spectra, UV–vis absorption spectra and SFS show that the secondary structure of the protein has been changed in the presence of DXM. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Excitation Energy Transfer in Cyanobacteria Synechocystis Embedded in Polymer Film and Partially Bleached by Polarized Irradiation

The polarized absorption, photoacoustic, fluorescence emission, and fluorescence excitation spectra of whole cells of cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. embedded in a polymer film were measured. The bacteria cells, as it follows from anisotropy of absorption and fluorescence spectra, were even in a non-stretched polyvinyl alcohol film oriented to a certain extent. The measurements were done for such film in order to avoid the deformation of cyanobacteria shapes. Part of the samples was bleached by irradiation with strong polarized radiation with electric vector parallel to the orientation axis of cells. The anisotropy of photoacoustic spectra was higher than that of absorption spectra and it was stronger changed by the irradiation. Polarized fluorescence was excited in four wavelength regions characterised by different contribution to absorption from various bacteria pigments. The shapes of emission spectra were different depending on wavelength of excitation, polarization of radiation, and previous irradiation of the sample. The fluorescence spectra were analysed on Gaussian components belonging to various forms of pigments from photosystems (PS) 1 and 2. The results inform about excitation energy transfer between pools of pigments, differently oriented in the cells. Energy of photons absorbed by phycobilisomes was transferred predominantly to the chlorophyll of PS2, whereas photons absorbed by carotenoids to chlorophylls of PS1.     

Spectra,stability and labeling of 1‐(5‐carboxypentyl)‐4‐(2‐(N‐ethyl‐carbazole‐3‐yl) vinyl) pyridinium bromide with a large Stokes shift

Carbazole and its derivatives have been widely utilized as a functional building block in the fabrication of the organic medicine, pesticides, materials, etc., because of their excellent solubility, stability and biological activity. In this paper, 1‐(5‐carboxypentyl)‐4‐(2‐(N‐ethyl‐carbazole‐3‐yl) vinyl) pyridinium bromide with a large Stokes shift was synthesized and characterized by ¹H NMR and MS. The UV/vis absorption and fluorescence spectra in different solvents and at different pH values were investigated preliminarily. The photostability and thermostability were also studied and the results showed that the compound was stable. The compound was also used to label bovine serum albumin (BSA) and calf thymus (ct)DNA. The results showed that the fluorescence intensity is enhanced when labeling with BSA and the binding ability is stronger than ctDNA, making it may be used as a biological probe. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Preparation and optical parameter characterization of two aldehyde derivative thin films for photonic applications by drop casting method

In this study, thin films of polymer poly(methyl methacrylate) were prepared using a drop casting method. Two newly synthesized aldehyde derivatives, 2‐bromomalonaldehyde and 5,6‐dihydroimidazo[2,1‐b]thiazole‐2‐carbaldehyde, were used at different concentrations to dope the films. The prepared films were transparent and therefore studied for application in photonics. Optical characterization of the samples was carried out using different spectroscopy techniques. Absorption spectra for both samples were obtained using a UV–vis light spectrophotometer. Other significant optical parameters, such as refractive index, extinction coefficient, and band gap energies, were calculated from the absorption spectra. The effect of doping concentration on these parameters was studied. Emission spectra were obtained using a fluorescence spectrophotometer and the effect of doping was observed. Fourier transform infrared spectra of the doped films were obtained and compared with the pure compound to note changes in peak values and peak intensity. This present work studied the effect of doping on optical properties and examined the application of the samples for photonics.     

毕氏海蓬子光系统Ⅱ颗粒的分离与鉴定

采用去污剂TritonX-100增溶类囊体膜和高速离心的方法,首次分离和纯化了毕氏海蓬子的光系统Ⅱ（photosystemⅡ,PSⅡ）颗粒,通过光谱学和SDS-PAGE对其进行鉴定并与类囊体膜进行比较。室温吸收光谱结果表明,PSⅡ颗粒在蓝区的叶绿素（chlorophyll,ChOb和胡萝卜素类吸收峰为485nm,在红区的Ch1b吸收峰为655nm,这两个峰值均低于类囊体膜中的。77K荧光发射光谱结果表明,提取的PSⅡ颗粒基本不含光系统Ⅰ（photosystemⅠ,PSI）的低温荧光反射峰737nm。77K荧光激发光谱结果显示,海蓬子PSⅡ颗粒在470-485am之间的Ch1b 和胡萝卜素类的荧光发射峰明显低于类囊体膜的。这说明在PSⅡ中大部分的PSI已被除去。电泳结果显示,海蓬子PSⅡ颗粒缺少PSI反应中心蛋白质亚基PsaA和PsaB,这说明提取到的PSⅡ纯度较高,这为进一步研究毕氏海蓬子PSⅡ的结构与功能奠定基础。     

盐酸胍对毕氏海蓬子类囊体膜蛋白光谱特征的影响

研究了盐酸胍（GuHCl）处理对毕氏海蓬子类囊体膜蛋白亚基和光谱特征的影响。结果显示,随着GuHCl处理浓度的增高,类囊体膜蛋白的吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱明显下降,峰位发生蓝移。这表明GuHCl处理下,类囊体膜蛋白色素微环境发生明显变化,色素蛋白结构遭到破坏;较低浓度2mmol.L-1GuHCl处理下,随着GuHCl处理时间的延长,类囊体膜蛋白的吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱也呈下降趋势,但与GuHCl浓度梯度处理比,下降程度略缓,峰位也基本没有变化。这说明类囊体膜在2mmol.L-1GuHCl不同处理时间下表现出的耐受性比在GuHCl浓度梯度处理条件强。