HAI-1过表达对SW620细胞体外生长和运动能力的影响

肝细胞生长因子激活因子抑制因子1(hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1, HAI-1)能有效抑制肝细胞生长因子激活因子(hepatocyte growth factor activator,HGFA)和丝氨酸蛋白酶Matriptase的活性,并可通过对HGFA和Matriptase活性的调控参与HGF/c-Met信号传导途径。为了解HAL-1在肿瘤细胞的生长和运动中的作用,本研究将人HAI-1基因全长cDNA克隆至pcDNA3.1( )表达载体,并转染人肠癌SW620细胞,用Western blot验证了转染细胞中HAI-1的表达情况,并分别利用生长曲线、软琼脂集落形成、穿膜运动和扩散运动测定等方法检测了HAI-1 过表达对SW620细胞生长和运动能力的影响。生长曲线和软琼脂集落形成测定都显示出HAI-1 转染细胞与对照组相比差异不十分明显。穿膜运动和扩散运动测定则均显示了HAI-1过表达对细胞运动能力有明显的抑制。因此,HAI-1的过表达虽然在体外对肿瘤细胞生长影响较小,但可以抑制肿瘤细胞的运动迁移能力。     

肝细胞生长因子激活因子抑制因子-1的表达与功能

肝细胞生长因子激活因子抑制因子-1（hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1,HAI-1）是一种Kunitz型丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制因子,定位于细胞的基底侧,具有膜型和分泌型两种形式,能有效抑制肝细胞生长因子激活因子HGFA和丝氨酸蛋白酶Matriptase的活性,参与HGF／c—Met信号传导途径调节。HAI-1在包括妊娠、再生及肿瘤等各种正常生理及病理状态下均有不同水平的表达,其表达水平的变化以及其与靶蛋白酶表达比例的变化直接影响到靶蛋白酶的活性,从而在调控个体发育、血管生成、组织损伤修复以及抑制肿瘤的侵袭性生长等生理和病理过程中发挥重要作用。     

RARβ在胃癌细胞生长调节中的作用

为探讨 RARβ受体介导全反式视黄酸 ( ATRA)抑制胃癌细胞生长的作用机理 ,用 Northern印迹测定 RARβ m RNA表达水平 ,脂质体介导的转染方法将含有 RARβ基因的表达载体转染MKN- 45细胞并稳定表达 ,MTT和软琼脂集落形成等实验测定细胞生长速率和生长状态 ,氯霉素乙酰转移酶活性 ( CAT)测定视黄酸应答元件βRARE的转录活性以及 AP- 1 ( activator protein- 1 )活性 .RARβ在 ATRA敏感细胞株 MGC80 - 3、BGC- 82 3和 SGC- 790 1中表达 ,而在 ATRA抗性细胞株 MKN- 45中不表达 .当 RARβ基因转染 MKN- 45细胞时 ,细胞变为 ATRA敏感 ,由此导致ATRA抑制 MKN- 45细胞生长和软琼脂集落形成 .ATRA可以加强诱导 MGC80 - 3、BGC- 82 3和SGC- 790 1细胞βRARE的转录活性 ,但对 MKN- 45细胞影响不大 ,不能抑制细胞 AP- 1活性 .当RARβ基因转染 MKN- 45细胞后 ,ATRA则能够诱导细胞 βRARE的转录活性 ,并抑制细胞的 AP-1活性 .RARβ表达与 ATRA抑制胃癌细胞生长密切相关 .ATRA诱导 βRARE转录活性和抑制AP- 1活性可能是其调控胃癌细胞生长的机制之一 .     

重组人肝细胞生长因子真核表达的定性及定量检测

将人肝细胞生长因子（human hepatocyte growth factor hHGF)全长cDNA重组入pEE14真稳定表达质粒,用lipofectin脂质体将pEE14/rhHGF转染入CHO－K1细胞,蛋氨酸亚氨基代砜（methionine sulfoximine,MSX)筛选出阳性细胞克隆,利用RT－PCR检测rhHGF mRNA的表达通过ELISA法测定rhHGF的蛋白表达,3H掺入法检测培养上清液对大鼠原代培养肝细胞DNA合成的影响,结果表明转染pEE14/rhHGF的细胞可扩增出hHGF特异的396bp RT-PCR片段,培养上清液明显促进大鼠肝细胞DNA的合成,ELISA法测出上清液中,rhHGF的含量在8ug/L以上,显示rhHGF在CHO细胞中以活性形式得到表达。     

RNAi沉默CXCR7对人结肠癌细胞SW620特异性靶向抑制的实验研究

目的:探讨慢病毒介导的CXCR7-shRNA转染人结肠癌细胞株SW620后对CXCR7蛋白表达的影响。方法:(1)设计并合成CXCR7的3对shRNA序列及1对阴性对照序列,与pSilencerTM4.1系统合成构建重组慢病毒载体,转染HEK293T细胞包装病毒并检测滴度;(2)将3种重组慢病毒载体及阴性对照分别感染人结肠癌细胞SW620,RT-PCR检测CXCR7 mRNA的表达情况,测定沉默效率,筛选沉默效率最高的一组CXCR7-shRNA作为后续实验表达载体;(3)MTT法检测转染CXCR7-shRNA对SW620细胞生长增殖的影响;(4)通过细胞划痕实验检测转染CXCR7-shRNA对SW620细胞侵袭迁移能力的影响;(5)Western blot检测转染CXCR7-shRNA对SW620细胞蛋白表达情况。结果:(1)测序证实3对慢病毒载体及1对阴性对照载体均包装成功,滴度分别为3.16×108TU/ml、4.27×108TU/ml、3.93×108TU/ml和2.95×108TU/ml;(2)3组慢病毒载体转染SW620细胞后,CXCR7 mRNA的表达量均较阴性对照组明显降低(P0.05),其中CXCR7-shRNA-1对CXCR7的抑制率明显高于其他两组(P0.05);(3)CXCR7-shRNA-1转染SW620后,肿瘤细胞的增殖程度显著减少,与空白组相比有显著性差异(P0.05);(4)SW620细胞在划痕24h后,空白对照组和实验组的细胞迁移指数(MI)分别为(49.92±6.41)%和(29.13±5.38)%,有统计学意义(P0.05),划痕48h后,对照组与实验组的MI分别为(96.52±7.44)%和(72.03±8.29)%,有统计学意义(P0.05);(5)CXCR7-shRNA-1转染SW620细胞后,与空病毒载体组、空白组相比,CXCR7蛋白表达量明显降低,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:CXCR7-shRNA慢病毒表达载体转染SW620细胞后可有效下调CXCR7 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平并能够抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖与迁移,为下一步研究以CXCR7/CXCL12生物学轴为靶点的结直肠癌慢病毒基因沉默治疗打下了良好的基础,为结直肠癌的基因治疗提供了新方向。     

同时表达活化型IGF1、EGF和FGF2的慢病毒载体的构建

共培养体系及添加外源性生长因子是诱导干细胞向内耳样细胞分化研究中的常用手段。为了将两种方法结合用于研究,该实验设计了一种可同时表达三种活化型生长因子的慢病毒载体。活化型表皮生长因子(epidermal growth factor,EGF)编码序列采用RT-PCR方法从SW620人大肠癌细胞中克隆,活化型胰岛素样生长因子1(insulin-like growth factor 1,IGF1)和成纤维细胞生长因子2(fi broblast growth factor 2,FGF2)编码序列为人工合成。用PCR方法分别从p Sec Tag2A和p IRES2-EGFP质粒中克隆出引导分泌的免疫球蛋白Igκ链信号肽编码序列和引导翻译的内部核糖体进入位点(internal ribosome entry site,IRES)序列。将Igκ链信号肽和三种因子的编码序列分别融合、由IRES间隔并克隆到带绿荧光蛋白报告基因的慢病毒表达质粒p LVX-IRES-Zs Green1上并包装获得慢病毒。将慢病毒感染HEK293T细胞,通过有限稀释法筛选出稳定表达绿荧光蛋白的单细胞克隆。用Western blot检测单细胞克隆的IGF1、EGF和FGF2的表达,并通过促进肺癌A549细胞生长实验验证了分泌的生长因子的活性。该研究成功构建了导入细胞后可同时表达活化型IGF1、EGF和FGF2的慢病毒载体,为今后设计可表达这三种因子的共培养工程细胞用于干细胞诱导分化提供了有力的工具。     

RNA干扰敲减PIWIL1表达对人结肠癌细胞SW620增殖，粘附及侵袭能力影响

PIWIL1为AGO蛋白(Argonaute proteins )PIWI亚家族的成员之一,在睾丸中特异表达. 其在干细胞自我更新、RNA干扰和翻译调节中起着重要的作用.本文采用实时PCR方法检测PIWI基因家族中PIWIL1、PIWIL2、PIWIL3、PIWIL4在人结肠癌SW620细胞中mRNA表达水平,首次证实了在SW620细胞中,PIWIL1相对PIWIL2、PIWIL3、PIWIL4,其表达水平最高（P﹤0.05）.构建表达针对PIWIL1的小发卡结构干扰RNA的重组质粒,并用Western 印迹验证其达到较高的干扰效率.用脂质体将重组质粒转染入SW620细胞中,通过MTT实验、集落形成实验、细胞聚集实验及细胞侵袭转移实验,分别观察到其可抑制SW620细胞的生长、增殖、侵袭转移能力,增强了SW620细胞的粘附能力.提示PIWIL1可能在结肠癌发生、发展过程中发挥作用.     

Smad4基因在人卵巢癌高、低转移细胞系HO-8910和HO-8910PM中的表达及其对肿瘤转移作用的研究

转化生长因子β（transforming growth factor,TGF-β）超家族广泛存在于多种生物的各种组织中,参与细胞增殖分化、血管形成、肿瘤发生、细胞外基质形成等多种生物学事件。Smad4是TGF-t3／Smads信号通路中的关键分子,研究表明,Smad4的过表达可以抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖和细胞外基质的合成并诱导凋亡。本实验利用人高低转移性卵巢癌细胞系HO-8910PM和HO-8910细胞系作为对象通过基因转染技术过表达Smad4,     

Survivin反义寡核苷酸诱导SW620细胞凋亡过程中对caspase-3表达的影响

目的：观察survivin反义寡核苷酸（ASODN）对人结肠癌细胞株SW620增殖、凋亡的影响,并初步探讨其分子机制。方法：靶向survivin基因中与caspase-3结合的部位设计、合成反义寡核苷酸并通过脂质体将其转染至人结肠癌细胞SW620中。噻唑蓝（MTT）法观察survivinASODN对SW620细胞增殖的抑制作用,测定IC50;转染36h后,Hoechst33342染色荧光显微镜下观察检测SW620细胞核变化,RT-PCR检测survivinASODN处理后SW620细胞中caspase-3mRNA表达,分光光度法检测caspase-3酶活性．结果：转染8h后,SW620细胞中可见黄绿色荧光均匀分布：不同浓度survivinASODN处理SW620细胞44h后,SW620细胞增殖显著受到抑制,IC50为1×10^-6M。2×10^-7,4×10^-7,6×10^-7,8×10^-7 and1.2×10^-6M的survivinASODN处理后,细胞生长抑制率分别为15．38±0．022％、2404±0．023％、30．87±0．027％、45．02±0．018％和65．01±0．024％：Hoechest33342染色后荧光显微镜下可观察到染色质凝集并出现凋亡小体,RT-PCR检测到caspase-3mRNA表达上调,另外caspase-3酶活性显著升高。结论靶向survivin基因中与caspase-3结合的部位设计合成的survivinASODN可抑制显著结肠癌SW620增殖、诱导细胞凋亡,其机制与诱导caspase-3表达,提高caspase-3酶活性有关。     

UBAP1 基因真核表达载体的构建 及对人鼻咽癌细胞生长的影响

为研究鼻咽癌相关新基因 UBAP1 的功能,探讨其对鼻咽癌细胞生长特性的影响,构建了 UBAP1 真核表达载体并转染到鼻咽癌细胞株 HNE1 中,借助细胞生长曲线、软琼脂集落形成试验、裸鼠接种和流式细胞计数方法对转染细胞的生物学行为进行了检测 . 结果显示, UBAP1 基因转染细胞生长速度明显减慢,在软琼脂中集落形成率较对照组显著下降,裸鼠接种试验显示, UBAP1 基因转染细胞 HNE1 生长速度受到抑制,流式细胞计数分析发现, UBAP1 基因表达升高能延缓细胞由 G0-G1 期进入 S 期 . 因此, UBAP1 基因的表达有助于 HNE1 恶性表型的逆转,初步证明 UBAP1 是一个鼻咽癌相关的抑瘤基因 .     

Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 is a specific cell surface binding protein of hepatocyte growth factor activator (HGFA) and regulates HGFA activity in the pericellular microenvironment

Hepatocyte growth factor activator (HGFA) is responsible for proteolytic activation of the precursor form of hepatocyte growth factor in injured tissues. To date, two specific inhibitors of HGFA have been identified, namely HGFA inhibitor type 1 (HAI-1) and type 2 (HAI-2)/placental bikunin (PB). Both inhibitors are first synthesized as integral membrane proteins having two Kunitz domains and a transmembrane domain, and are subsequently released from cell surface by shedding. Here we show that an active form of HGFA is specifically complexed with membrane-form HAI-1, but not with HAI-2/PB, on the surface of epithelial cells expressing both inhibitors. This binding required the enzyme activity of HGFA. The selective binding of HGFA to the cell surface HAI-1 was further confirmed in an engineered system using Chinese hamster ovary cells, in which only the cells expressing HAI-1 retained exogenous HGFA. The binding of HGFA to HAI-1 was reversible, and no irreversible modifications affecting the enzyme activity occurred during the binding. Importantly, HAI-1 and the HGFA.HAI-1 complex were quickly released from the cell surface by treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or interleukin 1beta accompanying the generation of 58-kDa fragments of HAI-1, which are less potent against HGFA, as well as significant recovery of HGFA activity in the culture supernatant. This regulated shedding was completely inhibited by BB3103, a synthetic zinc-metalloproteinase inhibitor. We conclude that HAI-1 is not only an inhibitor but also a specific acceptor of active HGFA, acting as a reservoir of this enzyme on the cell surface. The latter property appears to ensure the concentrated pericellular HGFA activity in certain cellular conditions, such as tissue injury and inflammation, via the up-regulated shedding of HGFA.HAI-1 complex. These findings shed light on a novel function of the integral membrane Kunitz-type inhibitor in the regulation of pericellular proteinase activity.     

Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 inhibits protease activity and proteolytic activation of human airway trypsin-like protease

Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 (HAI-1) is a Kunitz-type transmembrane serine protease inhibitor initially identified as a potent inhibitor of hepatocyte growth factor activator (HGFA), a serine protease that converts pro-HGF to the active form. HAI-1 also has inhibitory activity against serine proteases such as matriptase, hepsin and prostasin. In this study, we examined effects of HAI-1 on the protease activity and proteolytic activation of human airway trypsin-like protease (HAT), a transmembrane serine protease that is expressed mainly in bronchial epithelial cells. A soluble form of HAI-1 inhibited the protease activity of HAT in vitro. HAT was proteolytically activated in cultured mammalian cells transfected with its expression vector, and a soluble form of active HAT was released into the conditioned medium. The proteolytic activation of HAT required its own serine protease activity. Co-expression of the transmembrane full-length HAI-1 inhibited the proteolytic activation of HAT. In addition, full-length HAI-1 associated with the transmembrane full-length HAT in co-expressing cells. Like other target proteases of HAI-1, HAT converted pro-HGF to the active form in vitro. These results suggest that HAI-1 functions as a physiological regulator of HAT by inhibiting its protease activity and proteolytic activation in airway epithelium.     

Expression of hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 in endothelial cells

Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 (HAI-1) is an integral membrane Kunitz-type serine proteinase inhibitor initially identified as a potent inhibitor of hepatocyte growth factor activator (HGFA). HGFA is a serum proteinase that is critically involved in the activation of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) in injured tissue. Previous studies have shown that HAI-1 is expressed on the basolateral surface of various epithelial cells. In this study, we analyzed the expression of HAI-1 in human endothelial cells. Immunohistochemically, HAI-1 protein was observed in the endothelial cells of capillaries, venules and lymph vessels. On the other hand, arterial endothelial cells were poorly stained for HAI-1. Mesothelial cells on the serous surface were also positively immunostained. The endothelial expression of HAI-1 was also examined in cultured human endothelial cells of various origins, such as umbilical vein, microvessels and aorta. Notably, in accordance with the results of immunohistochemistry, HAI-1 mRNA and protein levels were high in the endothelial cells derived from umbilical vein and were hardly detectable in those derived from aorta. A low but distinct level of HAI-1 expression was also observed in endothelial cells from microvessels. As these HAI-1-positive endothelial cells also expressed MET tyrosine kinase, the specific receptor of HGF/SF, it is conceivable that HAI-1 might have an important regulatory role in the HGF/SF-MET signaling axis of endothelial cells, which could be involved in the process of angiogenesis.     

Localization of hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 in Langhans' cells of human placenta

Activation of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a crucial limiting step in HGF-induced signaling pathway. The HGF activator inhibitor type 1 (HAI-1) was identified as a potent inhibitor of HGF activator (HGFA), a serine proteinase that is responsible for the activation of HGF in vivo. HAI-1 is an integral membrane Kunitz-type serine proteinase inhibitor, and its mRNA has been reported to be most abundant in the placenta. In this report, specific antibody to HAI-1 was used in an immunohistochemical procedure to determine the localization of HAI-I in human placenta. HAI-1 was expressed in cytotrophoblasts (Langhans' cells) of the double-layered trophoblastic epithelium of chorionic villi tissue, and syncytiotrophoblasts were almost negative. On the other hand, extravillous trophoblasts of cytotrophoblastic columns showed markedly decreased immunoreactivity, and those infiltrating into the superficial decidua membrane of early placenta were hardly stainable. The amnionic epithelial cells were also immunostained intensely. The presence of HAI-1 mRNA was also confirmed in a cultured human cytotrophoblastic cell line. In addition to HAI-1, low but distinct expression of HGFA mRNA was observed in the placenta tissue and cultured cytotrophoblasts by using a sensitive RT-PCR method. Since HGF plays an essential role in the placenta development, expression of HAI-1 and HGFA may have an important regulatory role in the placenta. The localization of HAI-I in the proliferating trophoblastic stem cells (Langhans' cells), but not in syncytiotrophoblasts and extravillous trophoblasts, suggest a possible role of HAI-1 in the proliferation of trophoblasts.     

Pericellular activation of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) in colorectal carcinomas: roles of HGF activator (HGFA) and HGFA inhibitor type 1 (HAI-1).

Activation of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) is a critical limiting step in the HGF/SF-induced signaling pathway mediated by MET receptor tyrosine kinase. Although HGF/SF-MET signaling could have potentially important roles in the invasive growth of tumors and tumor angiogenesis, little is known about the regulation of HGF/SF activation in the tumor tissues. This activation occurs in the extracellular milieu caused by proteolytic cleavage at the bond between Arg194-Val195 in the single-chain HGF precursor to generate the active two-chain heterodimeric form. Here we show that activation of HGF/SF is significantly enhanced in colorectal carcinoma tissues compared with normal colorectal mucosa, and HGF activator (HGFA), a recently identified factor XII-like serine proteinase, is critically involved in this process. Furthermore, we also show that HGF activator inhibitor type 1 (HAI-1) should have an important regulatory role in the pericellular activation of HGF/SF having diverse roles acting as a cell surface specific inhibitor of active HGFA and a reservoir of this enzyme on the cell surface. The latter property might paradoxically ensure the concentrated pericellular HGFA activity in certain cellular conditions in which shedding of HAI-1/HGFA complex from the plasma membrane is upregulated.     

Conformational lability in serine protease active sites: structures of hepatocyte growth factor activator (HGFA) alone and with the inhibitory domain from HGFA inhibitor-1B

Hepatocyte growth factor activator (HGFA) is a serine protease that converts hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) into its active form. When activated HGF binds its cognate receptor Met, cellular signals lead to cell growth, differentiation, and migration, activities which promote tissue regeneration in liver, kidney and skin. Intervention in the conversion of HGF to its active form has the potential to provide therapeutic benefit where HGF/Met activity is associated with tumorigenesis. To help identify ways to moderate HGF/Met effects, we have determined the molecular structure of the protease domain of HGFA. The structure we determined, at 2.7 A resolution, with no pseudo-substrate or inhibitor bound is characterized by an unconventional conformation of key residues in the enzyme active site. In order to find whether this apparently non-enzymatically competent arrangement would persist in the presence of a strongly-interacting inhibitor, we also have determined, at 2.6 A resolution, the X-ray structure of HGFA complexed with the first Kunitz domain (KD1) from the physiological inhibitor hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor 1B (HAI-1B). In this complex we observe a rearranged substrate binding cleft that closely mirrors the cleft of other serine proteases, suggesting an extreme conformational dynamism. We also characterize the inhibition of 16 serine proteases by KD1, finding that the previously reported enzyme specificity of the intact extracellular region of HAI-1B resides in KD1 alone. We find that HGFA, matriptase, hepsin, plasma kallikrein and trypsin are potently inhibited, and use the complex structure to rationalize the structural basis of these results.     

Purification from human milk of matriptase complexes with secreted serpins: mechanism for inhibition of matriptase other than HAI-1

Matriptase, a type 2 transmembrane serine protease, is predominately expressed by epithelial and carcinoma cells in which hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor 1 (HAI-1), a membrane-bound, Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor, is also expressed. HAI-1 plays dual roles in the regulation of matriptase, as a conventional protease inhibitor and as a factor required for zymogen activation of matriptase. As a consequence, activation of matriptase is immediately followed by HAI-1-mediated inhibition, with the activated matriptase being sequestered into HAI-1 complexes. Matriptase is also expressed by peripheral blood leukocytes, such as monocytes and macrophages; however, in contrast to epithelial cells, monocytes and macrophages were reported not to express HAI-1, suggesting that these leukocytes possess alternate, HAI-1-independent mechanisms regulating the zymogen activation and protease inhibition of matriptase. In the present study, we characterized matriptase complexes of 110 kDa in human milk, which contained no HAI-1 and resisted dissociation in boiling SDS in the absence of reducing agents. These complexes were further purified and dissociated into 80-kDa and 45-kDa fragments by treatment with reducing agents. Proteomic and immunological methods identified the 45-kDa fragment as the noncatalytic domains of matriptase and the 80-kDa fragment as the matriptase serine protease domain covalently linked to one of three different secreted serpin inhibitors: antithrombin III, 1-antitrypsin, and 2-antiplasmin. Identification of matriptase-serpin inhibitor complexes provides evidence for the first time that the proteolytic activity of matriptase, from those cells that express no or low levels of HAI-1, may be controlled by secreted serpins. protease; type 2 transmembrane serine protease; protease inhibitor; ST-14; hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor 1     

Detection of Active Matriptase Using a Biotinylated Chloromethyl Ketone Peptide

Matriptase is a member of the family of type II transmembrane serine proteases that is essential for development and maintenance of several epithelial tissues. Matriptase is synthesized as a single-chain zymogen precursor that is processed into a two-chain disulfide-linked form dependent on its own catalytic activity leading to the hypothesis that matriptase functions at the pinnacle of several protease induced signal cascades. Matriptase is usually found in either its zymogen form or in a complex with its cognate inhibitor hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor 1 (HAI-1), whereas the active non-inhibited form has been difficult to detect. In this study, we have developed an assay to detect enzymatically active non-inhibitor-complexed matriptase by using a biotinylated peptide substrate-based chloromethyl ketone (CMK) inhibitor. Covalently CMK peptide-bound matriptase is detected by streptavidin pull-down and subsequent analysis by Western blotting. This study presents a novel assay for detection of enzymatically active matriptase in living human and murine cells. The assay can be applied to a variety of cell systems and species.