从睡眠剥夺树qu（TBC）尿液提取内源性“睡眠因子”的研究

本研究报道从睡眠剥夺（ＳＤ）４８－７２ｈ的灵长类原宗Ｔｕｐａｉａ ｂｅｌａｎｇｅｒｉ ｃｈｉｎｅｎ－ｓｉｓ（ＴＢＣ）提取内源性“睡眠因子”Ｓ２Ｃ和Ｓ４Ｂ。收集的尿液经超滤,清液冻干经Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ１５分离内源性“睡眠因子”Ｓ２Ｃ和Ｓ４Ｂ。收集的尿液经滤,清液冻干经ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ１５分离得到Ｆｒａｃｔｉｏｎ Ｉ－Ｖ。活性测定发现Ｆｒａｃｔｉｏｎ－Ⅲ（Ｓ２Ｃ）呈现显著δ－增强促眠效应。经Ｓｅ     

祁连山植被水文效应的多层次Fuzzy综合评判

祁连山植被水文效应的多层次Ｆｕｚｚｙ综合评判车克钧,傅辉恩（甘肃省张掖祁连山水源林研究所７３４０００）Ｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅ－ＬｅｖｅｌＦｕｚｚｙＣｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｖｅＥｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎｏｎＨｙｄｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＦｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓｏｆＶｅｇｅｔａｔｉｏｎｓｏｎｔｈｅＱｉｌｉａｎＭｏｕｎｔａｉｎｓ￥．ＣｈｅＫｅｊｕｎ;ＦｕＨｕｉｅｎ（ＱｉｌｉａｎＭｏｕｎｔａｉｎｓＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＦｏｒｅｓｔｆｏｒＷａｔｅｒＳｏｕｒｃｅＣｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎ,Ｚｈａｎｇｙｅ,ＧａｎｓｕＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ７３４０００）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（３）：３１－３５．ＢｙｍｅａｎｓｏｆｍｕＩｔｉｐｌｅ－ｌｅｖｅｌｆｕｚｚｙｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｖｅｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎ,ｔｈｅｈｙｄｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｆｏｕｒｖｅｇｅｔａｔｉｏｎｔｙｐｅｓａｒｅａｎａｌｙｚｅｄ．ＰｉｃｅａｃｒａｓｓｉｆｏｌｉａｆｏｒｅｓｔｉｓｓｈｏｗｎｔｏｂｅｔｈｅｂｅｓｔｔｙｐｅｆｏｒｗａｔｅｒｃｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｏｎＱｉｌｉａｎｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎｓ,Ｓａｂｉｎａｐｒｚｅｗｌｓｋｉｉｆｏｒｅｓｔａ     

PAF对肺内小动脉平滑肌细胞TXA_2，PGI_2乃Ca~（2＋）－ATPase的影响

本工作采用分离培养家兔肺内小动脉平滑肌细胞（ＰＡＳＭＣｓ），观察了外源性血小板活化因子（ｐｌａｔｅｌｅｔａｃｔｉｖａｔｉｎｇｆａｃｔｏｒ，ＰＡＦ）、ＢＮ５２０２１（ＰＡＦ受体拮抗剂）、吲哚美辛、维拉帕米对ＰＡＳＭＣｓ产生血栓素Ａ_２（ＴｘＡ_２）、前列环素（ＰＧＩ_２）及对细胞膜Ｃａ~（２＋）－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力的影响。结果表明：（１）基础状态下ＰＡＳＭＣｓ存在花生四烯酸（ＡＡ）代谢。（２）外源性ＰＡＦ通过受体后途径激活环加氧酶促进ＡＡ代谢致ＴＸＡ_２及ＰＧＩ－２增加，ＴＸＡ_２／ＰＧＩ_２比值无明显变化。（３）外源性ＰＡＦ能直接抑制Ｃａ~（２＋）－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力。（４）维拉帕米可逆转ＰＡＦ抑制ＰＡＳＭＣｓ膜Ｃａ~（２＋）－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力的效应。     

细胞松驰素B促微丝解聚对DNA合成的作用

利用微丝（ｍｉｃｒｏｆｉｌａｍｅｎｔ,ＭＦ）解聚药物细胞松驰素Ｂ（ｃｙｔｏｃｈａｌａｓｉｎＢ,ＣＢ）处理Ｇ_０期小鼠Ｃ_３Ｈ_（１０）Ｔ_（１／２）成纤维细胞,对Ｇ_０至Ｓ期ＤＮＡ合成,胸腺嘧啶核苷激酶（ｔｈｙｍｉｄｉｎｅｋｉｎａｓｅ,ＴＫ）活性、ＴＫ基因表达、钙调素（ｃａｌｍｏｄｕｌｉｎ,ＣａＭ）水平和一些细胞周期早期基因的表达进行了观察,Ｇ_０期细胞经３ｍｇ／ＬＣＢ处理２ｈ,促ＭＦ解聚增强了血清对Ｓ期细胞ＴＫ活性、ＴＫ基因表达和ＤＮＡ合成的刺激作用,并促进细胞提前进入Ｓ期．血清刺激Ｇ_０期细胞进入晚Ｇ_１期和Ｓ期时,ＣａＭ水平明显升高,而ＣＢ预处理则使ＣａＭ含量进一步增加,特别是ＣＢ处理促使Ｓ期ＣａＭ增加向核内转移．ＣＢ处理明显增强血清对ｃ－ｊｕｎ、ｃ－ｆｏｓ和ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因表达的刺激作用,而ＰＫＣ抑制剂Ｈ_７则抑制ＣＢ处理对这些基因转录的刺激作用,说明ＣＢ使Ｇ_０期细胞ＭＦ解聚刺激ｃ－ｊｕｎ、ｃ－ｆｏｓ和ｃ－ｍｙｃ的转录活性与ＰＫＣ的作用有关．结果表明Ｇ_０至Ｓ期早期ＭＦ的重组可促进细胞进入Ｓ期,增强ＤＮＡ合成．     

农业系统生产力（ASP）的量化及其现状分析

农业系统生产力（ＡＳＰ）的量化及其现状分析卢进登,韩纯儒（北京农业大学农学系,１０００９４）ＱｕａｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆＡｇｒｏｓｙｓｔｅｍＰｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ（ＡＳＰ）ａｎｄＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｎｉｔｓＣｕｒｒｅｎｔＳｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎｉｎＣｂｉｎａ￥．ＬｕＪｉｎ－ｄｅｎｇ;ＨａｎＣｈｕｎｒｕ（ＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｆＢｅｉｊｉｎｇ１０００９４）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（２）：２１－２２．ＢａｓｅｄｏｎａｂｒｉｅｆａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｎｔｈｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆＡＳＰ,ｉｔｓｃｏｎｃｅｐｔｉｓｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｄａｎｄａｎｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｅｄｉｎｄｉ－ｃａｔｏｒｆｏｒｉｔｓｑｕａｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ—ＡＳＰ２ｉｓｐｕｔｆｏｒｗａｒｄｓ．Ｆｒｏｍｔｈｏｓｅ,ｔｈｅＡＳＰｌｅｖｅｌｓｉｎｖａｒｉｏｕｓｒｅｇｉｏｎｓｏｆＣｈｉｎａａｒｅａｎａｌｙｚｅｄａｎｄ８ｌｅｖｅｌｓａｒｅｄｉｖｉｄｅｄｂｙｕｓｉｎｇ．Ｈｉｅｒａｒｃｈｉｃｃｌｕｓｔｅｒｉｎｇｍｅｔｈｏｄ．Ｉｔ’ｓ：ｃｌａｒｉｆｉｅｄｔｈａｔＡＳ－ＰＩｉｓａｍｏｒｅ     

甲状旁腺素对成骨样细胞增殖的调节作用

甲状旁腺素（ＰＴＨ）是调节钙磷代谢的经典激素,有报道ＰＴＨ对其靶细胞－成骨细胞有促增殖分化作用。经多层次、多水平的实验研究证实,ＰＴＨ对成骨样细胞ＲＯＳ１７／２．８确有促增殖作用。（１）细胞计数、ＭＴＴ［３－（４,５－ｄｉｍｅｔｈｙｌｔｈｉａ－ｚｏｌ－ｚ－ｙｉ）２,５－ｄｉｐｈｅｎｙｌｔｅｔｒａｚｏｌｉｕｍｂｒｏｍｉｄｅ］测定及ＳＲＢ（ｓｏｄｉｕｍｒｈｏｄａｍｉｎｅＢ,ＳＲＢ）染色均显示经ＰＴＨ（１０－９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）处理的细胞,其数目明显增加;（２）３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ参入增加;（３）与增殖相关的原癌基因（ｃ－ｆｏｓ、ｃ－ｊｕｎ、ｃ－ｋｉ－ｒａｓ和ｃ－ｍｙｃ）的表达增强;（４）成骨细胞特征性蛋白－碱性磷酸酶活性降低．这些结果不仅表明该激素具有非经典样作用,同时意味着激素也参与其靶细胞增殖分化的调节作用     

Bcl——2基因表达对TNF及OA诱发的细胞编程死亡的不同效应

用ＴＮＦ和ＯＡ（Ｏｋａｄａｉｃａｃｉｄ）诱发人神经母细胞瘤ＳＫ细胞死亡,并证明细胞死亡为编程死亡（ＰｒｏｇｒｍｍｅｄＣｅｌｌＤｅａｔｈ,简称ＰＣＤ）。将编码Ｂｃｌ－２全长蛋白的ｃＤＮＡ植入ＰＪＸ４１ｎｅｏ载体中,使其表达由ＨＣＭＶ病毒起动子控制。形成的顺义（ｐＢｃｌ－２－Ｓ）及反义（ｐＢｃｌ－２－ＡＳ）表达质粒经转染导入ＳＫ细胞中获得稳定转染子。Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹表明顺义转染子表达大量的２６ｋｄＢｃｌ－２蛋白,而反义转染子则不表达。增强表达的Ｂｃｌ－２蛋白能抑制由ＴＮＦ引发的ＰＣＤ,但不影响ＯＡ引发的ＰＣＤ,从而证明了Ｂｃｌ－２基因产物抗细胞死亡效应的特异性。     

干旱胁迫对黄瓜PSⅡ颗粒铁组分Mossbauer谱的影响

黄瓜（Ｇｃｕｍｉｓ ｓａｔｉｖｕｓ Ｌ）叶片ＰＳⅡ颗粒的Ｍｏｓｓｂａｕｅｒ谱呈现４套双峰,依它们的化学位移相四敬矩劈塑数值,分别属于氧化态Ｃｙｔ－ｂ５５９,还原态Ｃｙｌ－ｂ５５９、Ｆｅ＾３＋－Ｑ画物和Ｆｅ＾２＋－Ｑ复合物。干埋胁迫旱影响ＱＡ／ＱＢ中铁（Ｆｅ）参与电子传递的速率,使ＰＳⅡ颗粒的ｏｓｓｂａｕｅｔ谱中Ｆｅ＾２＋的吸收双峰消失,即还原态Ｇ７ｙｔ－Ｂ５５９转变为氧化态Ｃｙｔ－ｂ５５９Ｆｅ＾２     

地衣芽孢杆菌碱性蛋白酶的研究Ⅱ碱性蛋白酶的提纯和性质研究

地衣芽孢杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｌｉｃｈｅｎｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ）Ｂ．Ｌ ＪＦ－１ｄ三级发酵的发酵液经离心去菌体,（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４分段盐析,透析后进行Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ－１００柱层析得粗酶制剂。比活力从１８７８Ｕ／ｍｇ提高到６７９５Ｕ／ｍｇ,酶活力回收率为３５．３％。该酶水解酷蛋白的最适反应温度为５５℃,最适ｐＨ为１０．５,具有较高的热稳定性,对ＳＤＳ有较强的耐受性。     

ras和c-erbB癌基因在特发性肺间质纤维化中的表达

采用原位分子杂交技术和免疫组织化学方法,对８例临床与肺组织学确诊的特发性肺间质纤维化（ＩＰＦ）病人的肺活检组织及７例正常肺组织进行了ｒａｓ和ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ癌基因及其产物的检测。结果：ｒａｓ癌基因产物Ｐ２１在６／８例ＩＰＦ肺组织中呈阳性反应;５／８例ＩＰＦ肺组织ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２显免疫阳性反应,而在７例正常肺组织Ｐ２１及ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２均无明显表达,原位杂交结果显示ＩＰＦ肺组织没有明显ｒａｓ和ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ癌基因的ＤＮＡ扩增提示ＩＰＦ的病变过程与ｒａｓ和ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ癌蛋白表达增强有关     

侧脑室注射促甲状腺激素释放激素对大鼠睡眠—觉醒的影响

采用多导睡眠描记术研究了例脑室注射促甲状腺激素释放激素(TRH)对正常大鼠和去甲状腺大鼠睡眠-觉醒的影响。在正常大鼠,TRH引起觉醒增加,浅慢波睡眠(SWS_1)、深慢波睡眠(SWS_2)和总睡眠时间(TST)均减少,异相睡眠(PS)消失,SWS_1、SWS_2和PS的潜伏期均显著延长,给药后立即产生效应并在1h内达高峰。去甲状腺对大鼠的睡眠-觉醒无明显影响,注射TRH后引起的效应与正常大鼠相似。结果提示TRH有促进大鼠觉醒的作用,对各睡眠时相均有抑制作用,其作用部位可能在下丘脑以外的中枢结构。     

BEHAVIORAL ASPECTS OF SLEEP IN PACIFIC WHITE-SIDED DOLPHINS (LAGENORHYNCHUS OBLIQUIDENS,GILL 1865)1

Dolphin sleep is unlike typical mammalian sleep in that slow wave sleep occurs in one hemisphere at a time and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is apparently reduced or absent (Mukhametov 1987). Lilly (1964) observed that bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) sleep with one eye open and one eye closed and suggested that the open eye monitored the immediate area for predators. Mukhametov (1987) and Supin et al. (1978) found no physiological correlation between the active brain hemisphere and the open eye, and suggested that no sentinel function exists. I describe the behavioral and social aspects of sleep in a captive school of four Pacific white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) at Long Marine Lab at the University of California at Santa Cruz for 32 nights. As the animals swam in formation, I recorded their positions and eye condition. Dolphins did not close their eyes or switch positions in the school randomly. While in formation, dolphins switched positions in bouts while concurrently changing eye condition. This resulted in a sleeping formation in which the dolphins likely had the eye open towards schoolmates, not toward the external environment. I suggest that this allows sleep to proceed while allowing dolphins to maintain visual contact with group members.     

基于大脑皮层互信息理论的睡眠分级研究

睡眠的分级研究是睡眠状况分析和睡眠质量评价的前提和基本内容。目前国际通用的睡眠分级方法,是利用脑电信号另加脑功能信号（如肌电图、眼动电流图）,且必须由人工来判别分析的。大脑皮层互信息理论是研究脑功能变化的有力工具。通过动态计算睡眠脑电四个导联之间的互信息时间序列的复杂度,并利用一个三层的人工神经网络进行六个级别的分类,6例720个不同时期的睡眠片段的测试表明,系统睡眠分级与人工分级的总相符率达到90.83％,且实现了睡眠动态自动分级。神经网络的学习功能,可使系统的准确率进一步提高,逐渐接近或达到人工分级的水平。     

NONLINEAR BEHAVIOR OF HUMAN RESPIRATORY MOVEMENT DURING DIFFERENT SLEEP STAGES

To investigate the nonlinear properties of respiratory movement during different sleep stages, we applied an algorithm proposed by Grassberger and Procaccia to calculate the correlation dimension in rapid eye movement and non-rapid eye movement sleep. We also tested for nonlinearity in respiratory movement by comparing the correlation dimension for the original data with that for surrogate data. The study population included eight healthy volunteers. We recorded respiratory movement and the sleep electroencephalogram for 8 h. The correlation dimension for respiratory movement was 3.28 ± 0.19 (mean ± SD) during rapid eye movement sleep, 2.31 ± 0.21 during light sleep (stage I) and 1.64 ± 0.25 during deep slow-wave sleep (stage IV). Thus, the correlation dimension differed significantly by sleep stage (p < 0.001): it was least during stage IV sleep and greatest during REM. The correlation dimension for the original data also differed from that for surrogate data, confirming nonlinearity in original data. The results suggest that the nonlinear dynamics of respiratory movement in sleep changes with sleep stage, presumably due to the information processing by the cerebral cortex. The increased correlation dimension for respiratory movement in REM sleep may be related to increased cortical information processing associated with dreaming. (Chronobiology International, 18(1), 71–83, 2001)     

A PEDIGREE OF ONE FAMILY WITH DELAYED SLEEP PHASE SYNDROME

The prevalence of delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) has been estimated to be quite low. Although no genetic inheritance pattern has been described, it has been reported that close to 50% of DSPS patients have biological relatives with similar symptoms. A pedigree of one extended family with symptoms suggestive of DSPS has been identified. Morningnesseveningness questionnaires were administered to all first- and second-degree relatives of a proband identified with DSPS. A total of 51 (86%) questionnaires were returned, and 6 adult biological relatives of 27 (22%) showed a preference for eveningness, which is much higher than reported in the general population. Both the paternal and maternal branches contained affected individuals, suggesting the possibility of a bilineal mode of inheritance. While the trait did not obey simple Mendelian inheritance, the vertical patterns of transmission were consistent with either an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with incomplete penetrance or a multifactorial mode of inheritance. These data provide some preliminary support to the notion that eveningness, and thus DSPS, may have a genetic component. The prevalence of symptoms suggestive of DSPS is higher in this family than reported in the general population. Case reports such as this support the utility of larger, more systematic studies. It is unclear whether this degree of familiarity is representative of that in the general population. (Chronobiology International, 18(5), 831-840, 2001)     

A PEDIGREE OF ONE FAMILY WITH DELAYED SLEEP PHASE SYNDROME

The prevalence of delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) has been estimated to be quite low. Although no genetic inheritance pattern has been described, it has been reported that close to 50% of DSPS patients have biological relatives with similar symptoms. A pedigree of one extended family with symptoms suggestive of DSPS has been identified. Morningnesseveningness questionnaires were administered to all first- and second-degree relatives of a proband identified with DSPS. A total of 51 (86%) questionnaires were returned, and 6 adult biological relatives of 27 (22%) showed a preference for eveningness, which is much higher than reported in the general population. Both the paternal and maternal branches contained affected individuals, suggesting the possibility of a bilineal mode of inheritance. While the trait did not obey simple Mendelian inheritance, the vertical patterns of transmission were consistent with either an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with incomplete penetrance or a multifactorial mode of inheritance. These data provide some preliminary support to the notion that eveningness, and thus DSPS, may have a genetic component. The prevalence of symptoms suggestive of DSPS is higher in this family than reported in the general population. Case reports such as this support the utility of larger, more systematic studies. It is unclear whether this degree of familiarity is representative of that in the general population. (Chronobiology International, 18(5), 831–840, 2001)     

基底外侧杏仁核对大鼠睡眠和行为的调节作用及机制研究

目的和方法 :本研究运用多导睡眠描记 (PSG)方法、大白鼠开阔实验法及强迫游泳实验观察杏仁核的基底外侧核 (BLN)内微量注射谷氨酸、吗啡和纳络酮对大鼠睡眠、觉醒和行为的影响。结果 :用谷氨酸选择性兴奋BLN内神经元胞体可增加觉醒 ,减少慢波睡眠 (SWS)和总睡眠时间 (TST) ,增加大鼠自主活动和缩短强迫游泳“不动”时间。吗啡作用与谷氨酸相似 ,而阿片受体阻断剂纳络酮引起的作用则与之相反 ,并可完全阻断吗啡的作用。结论 :BLN神经元兴奋可引起觉醒增加、SWS减少和自主活动增加效应 ,阿片受体激动剂是BLN调节睡眠、觉醒和行为的重要递质。