试验设计和优化及其在发酵培养基优化中的应用

在发酵工业中,发酵培养基的优化对发酵水平的提高起着举足轻重的作用。而在寻求最佳发酵培养基的过程中,试验设计及统计优化发挥着重要作用。对近年来常用的试验设计及优化方法进行了综述,内容包括单因素轮换法、析因设计、均匀设计、响应面设计、人工神经网络和遗传算法等多种试验设计和优化方法,并对其进行分析和比较。     

人工神经网络在发酵工业中的应用

人工神经网络技术具有很强的非线性映射能力,用于系统的非线性建模,具有无可比拟的优势,广泛应用于发酵过程中培养基的优化和系统建模与控制方面,本主要介绍了人工神经网络的基本原理与使用方法,以及BP神经网络在非线性函数逼近的优点,详细介绍了其在发酵培养基优化,连续搅拌反应器神经网络估计,分批发酵及补料分批发酵过程建模与控制优化中的应用实例。     

基于人工神经网络-遗传算法的樟芝发酵培养基优化

采用优化模型对药用丝状真菌樟芝的复杂发酵过程进行建模,并获得最优发酵培养基组成.对樟芝发酵过程中的形态变化过程进行了观察,并分别采用人工神经网络(ANN)和响应面法(RSM)对樟芝发酵过程进行建模,同时采用遗传算法(GA)优化了发酵培养基组成.结果表明,ANN模型比RSM模型具有更好的实验数据拟合能力和预测能力,GA计算得到樟芝生物量理论最大值为6.2 g/L,并获得发酵最佳接种量及培养基组成:孢子浓度1.76× 105个/mL,葡萄糖29.1 g/L,蛋白胨9.4 g/L,黄豆粉2.8 g/L.在最佳培养条件下,樟芝生物量为(6.1±0.2)g/L.基于ANN-GA的优化方法可用于优化其他丝状真菌的复杂发酵过程,从而获得生物量或活性代谢产物.     

玉米水解糖液体培养灵芝发酵条件的优化

目的：优化液体培养灵芝的发酵条件,提高多糖产量。方法：采用玉米水解糖为主要成分的培养基,通过单因素和正交实验,对赤芝G22菌株液体培养过程中影响多糖产量的发酵温度、摇床转速等工艺条件进行了研究。结果：经极差分析和方差分析确定了多糖高产的最佳发酵条件为：发酵温度27℃、摇床转速170r/min、培养基初始pH值6.5、发酵时间144 h。结论：通过优化液体发酵条件,可显著提高灵芝多糖的产量。在最佳发酵条件下液体培养G22菌株,灵芝总多糖产量由1.851g/L提高到2.439g/L,提高了31.0%。     

基因工程菌发酵研究进展

基因工程菌发酵主要目标是获取高产外源基因表达蛋白。介绍并分析了基因工程菌发酵过程中表达系统、培养基、温度、pH值、溶解氧和诱导条件等因素对发酵的影响;论述了工程菌高密度培养所需的培养方式,并总结了基因工程菌发酵领域近年来的一些进展。     

金针菇液态发酵培养基的筛选

研究不同碳源、氮源及无机盐对金针菇菌丝体产量的影响,采用正交设计法进行金针菇液态发酵培养基配方筛选和优化,确定了最佳培养基配方为大米粉3%、酵母粉1%、KH2PO40.1%、MgSO4.7H2O 0.05%。同时利用此配方培养测定了发酵过程pH、还原糖和氨基氮含量的变化,结果表明:发酵过程中pH变化很小,培养末期略有上升;还原糖含量呈先增后降的变化,氨基氮含量呈上升趋势。     

泥炭固体发酵生产单细胞蛋白研究

对以泥炭为唯一碳源,固体发酵生产单细胞蛋白(SCP)进行了一系列的研究。选用酵母菌和黑曲霉进行混合发酵培养,考察影响单细胞蛋白生产的各个因素,如菌种接种量,培养基含水量,发酵时间,发酵温度,培养基外加氮源等。通过正交实验设计确定了优化的培养条件。即:菌种接种量为10%,培养基含水量为300%,28℃培养72 h,以蛋白胨为氮源。     

碱性果胶裂解酶摇瓶发酵条件的研究

利用碱性果胶裂解酶生产菌株Bacillus subtilis WSH02-02进行摇瓶发酵优化,确定了最适种子斜面培养基、种子摇瓶培养基和发酵摇瓶培养基等培养条件,经14h的摇瓶发酵,酶活最高达到8．29U／mL。     

利用豆制品废水发酵枯萎病拮抗菌Pb-4条件研究

利用豆制品生产过程中的废水(黄浆水)对枯萎病拮抗菌Pb-4菌株的发酵培养基及其发酵条件进行优化。通过单因素试验筛选Pb-4菌株黄浆水培养基中的碳源;设置因素水平为L_(18)(3~5)正交试验,对Pb-4菌株黄浆水培养基中最佳碳源和无机盐成分进行筛选和优化,确定发酵培养基配方;通过响应面优化试验对Pb-4菌株的发酵温度、p H和接种量进行优化。结果显示,通过筛选确定玉米粉为黄浆水培养基的最佳碳源;优化后的发酵培养基配方为:1 000 m L黄浆水中添加玉米粉30 g、(NH_4)_2SO_4 2g、Mg SO_4 1.5 g、CaCO_3 1.5 g和FeSO_4 0.3 g;优化后的发酵条件为:温度36.3℃、p H7.4、接种量5%、摇瓶培养40 h。在此优化条件下,发酵菌数可达42.8×10~8 CFU/m L、最大生物量OD_(660)值为0.393,与预测理论最大值0.390 2相吻合。优化后的发酵培养基能够替代蛋白胨、酵母粉和葡萄糖等常规培养基,具有简单、廉价和环保等特点,可作为微生物菌剂规模化生产的原料。     

虾青素摇瓶发酵条件的研究

通过对P .rhodozyma 4 - 2 6的虾青素摇瓶发酵条件包括接种比、通气量和温度等 ,以及培养基主要组分的优化 ,得到最优培养基及培养条件。在此条件下发酵 72h ,虾青素量可达 13 4 5μg/ml或 146 5μg/gCDW ,较优化前提高 1 4 8倍。     

Rapid optimization of antibotulinum toxin antibody fragment production by an integral approach utilizing RC-SELDI mass spectrometry and statistical design

A process for the rapid development and optimization of the fermentation process for an antibotulinum neurotoxin antibody fragment (bt-Fab) production expressed in Escherichia coli was achieved via a high-throughput process proteomics and statistical experimental design. This process, using retentate chromatography-surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (RC-SELDI MS), was employed for identifying and quantifying bt-Fab antibody in complex biological samples for the optimization of microbial fermentation conditions. Five variables (type of culture media, glycerol concentration, post-induction temperature, IPTG concentration, and incubation time after induction) were statistically combined using an experimental 2(5)(-1) fractional factorial design and tested for their effects on maximal bt-Fab antibody production. When the effects of individual variables and their interactions were assessed, type of media and post-induction temperature showed statistically significant increase in yield of the fermentation process for the maximal bt-Fab antibody production. This study establishes an integral approach as a valuable tool for the rapid development of manufacturing processes for producing various biological materials. To verify the RC-SELDI MS method, a Fab-specific immuno-affinity HPLC assay developed here was also employed for the quantification of the bt-Fab antibody in crude lysate samples obtained during the fermentation optimization process. Similar results were obtained.     

用遗传算法优化流加培养的底物流加轨迹

遗传算法（Genetic Algorithm,GA)j是把生物进化论和遗传学原理应用于工程优化而创造出来的新的优化算法,在复杂问题的优化方面显示出了优良性能。近年来GA开始应用于发酵工程领域,本文介绍了应用GA优化流加培养流加轨迹的原理和方法。     

Experimental adaptive on-line optimization of cellular productivity of a continuous bakers' yeast culture

An adaptive on-line optimization method that utilizes dynamic model identification has been applied to maximize the cellular productivity of a continuous bakers' yeast culture. Experiments were conducted on a sophisticated computerized fermentation system. Experimental results show that the adaptive on-line optimization method requires very little a priori information, is easy to implement, converges quickly, adapts to changes in the process, and is stable even when operational difficulties are encountered.     

Extracellular production of human parathyroid hormone as a thioredoxin fusion form in Escherichia coli by chemical permeabilization combined with heat treatment

A pET system encoding the fusion protein gene of thioredoxin (Trx) and human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) was introduced into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Recombinant Trx-hPTH fusion protein was expressed in soluble form in the cytoplasm of the E. coli transformant. To recover Trx-hPTH from the E. coli culture efficiently, a novel tactic was developed by adding Triton X-100 into the fermentation culture at the exponential growth phase of E. coli and by heat treatment of the culture at the end of the fermentation. A concentration of 1% (v/v) Triton X-100 was added into the culture at the same time as IPTG addition after optimization. Under these conditions, addition of Triton X-100 had little effect on the cell growth, but more than 75% of the total recombinant Trx-hPTH was released into the fermentation broth. Also, a much higher volumetric yield of recombinant Trx-hPTH could be obtained with protein release compared to yield without protein release. Simultaneously, owing to the highly thermal stability of Trx-hPTH fusion protein, heat treatment of the fermentation broth at 80 degrees C for 15 min at the end of fermentation was employed for primary purification. Results demonstrated that heat treatment not only boosted further release of the recombinant Trx-hPTH fusion protein into the fermentation broth but also precipitated/denatured most of the nontarget proteins released in the broth. The tactics described herein integrated the fermentation process with subsequent recovery steps and thus provided a valuable and economical method for the production of Trx-hPTH and maybe some other Trx fusions in E. coli.     

棘孢曲霉固态发酵柚皮产柚苷酶的条件优化

【目的】以柚皮为原料,优化棘孢曲霉利用柑橘加工副产物固态发酵柚苷酶的条件。【方法】采用高效液相色谱法检测酶活力,通过单因素试验考察固水比、装样量、接种量、温度对柚苷酶发酵的影响,用正交试验优化发酵条件。【结果】单因素试验结果的显著性分析表明培养基的固水比、装样量和培养温度对柚苷酶产量有显著性影响,而接种量影响不显著;经正交试验确定的优化条件是：固水比1:1 (质量体积比),装样量5 g/250 mL三角瓶,温度为30 °C,接种1 mL孢子悬浮液,发酵8 d。在此优化条件下,柚苷酶酶活力为8.19 IU/g干物质,比初始培养基产柚苷酶活力提高7.38倍。【结论】通过对固水比、装样量和发酵温度进行优化,大幅度提高了棘孢曲霉固态发酵柑橘加工副产物的柚苷酶产量,为柚苷酶的生产提供了一种高产发酵工艺。     

基于神经网络的生化过程预估优化控制

综观历史与现状,生化过程数学模型的建立是很困难的。不多的一些数学模型也往往由于精度低,应用范围窄而无法在实际中应用。这是由于生化过程的机理非常复杂,具有高度非线性和时变特性。并且不同于一般物理过程的是生化过程是个物理上不可逆的过程。近几年来,人工神经网络(ANN)得到了迅速发展,并被广泛应用到各个领域。同样,ANN也为生化过程控制提供了一种新方法。本文以工业生产中发酵过程的补料控制为例,叙述了ANN如何用干生化过程预估和优化控制。相应地,对结果进行了分析讨论。     

鸟苷发酵条件的优化研究

以枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)TA208为供试菌株,运用单因素实验方法进行了摇瓶条件下发酵培养基以及发酵条件的优化研究,在最优发酵条件下鸟苷产量达到19．79g／L,比基本培养条件提高32．37％。     

蛋白质组学技术在工业发酵梭菌研究中的应用

介绍了目前应用较广泛的蛋白质组学技术的原理、应用及优缺点;总结了发酵工业中常用的梭菌属细菌;重点阐述了蛋白质组学技术在工业发酵梭状芽孢杆菌研究中的应用,为工业发酵菌种的改良和发酵工艺的优化提供理论依据。最后讨论了今后工业发酵菌种蛋白质组学研究的重点和方向。     

肺炎克雷伯氏菌荚膜多糖表达量评价指标的建立及发酵条件优化

建立了特异性强的肺炎克雷伯氏菌荚膜多糖全菌ELISA检测方法,检测结果与多糖表达量相关性好;以全菌ELISA值结合菌数为评价指标,对影响荚膜多糖表达的培养基组成及发酵条件进行了优化,优化后的摇瓶培养条件下发酵液活性和生物量分别比优化前提高72.7和33倍,并经7L罐放大实验,绘制发酵动力学曲线,为肺炎克雷伯氏菌荚膜多糖进一步开发打下基础。     

Optimization of human serum albumin production in methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris by repeated fed-batch fermentation

An optimization method for repeated fed-batch fermentation was established with the aim of improving the recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA) production in Pichia pastoris. A simulation model for fed-batch fermentation was formulated and the optimal methanol-feeding policy calculated by dynamic programming method using five different methanol-feeding periods. The necessary state variables were collected from the calculated results and used for further optimization of repeated fed-batch fermentation. The optimal operation policy was investigated using the pre-collected state variables by estimating the overall profit per total methanol-feeding time. The calculated results indicated that the initial cell mass from the 2nd fed-batch fermentation on should be set at 35 or 40 g and methanol-feeding time at 264 h. In repeated fed-batch fermentation using the optimal operation policy, actual culture volume was in good agreement with the values simulated by model equations, but some discrepancy was observed in rHSA production. Minimum experiments were therefore carried out to re-evaluate rHSA production levels, which were then applied in re-calculations to determine the optimal operation policy. The optimal policy for repeated fed-batch fermentation established in the present study (i.e., 4-times-repeated fed-batch fermentation) achieved a 47% increase in annual rHSA production. Optimization of the culture period also brought about a 28% increase in annual rHSA production even in simple (not repeated) fed-batch fermentation.