拟南芥细胞死亡突变体mod1突变座位的精细物理图谱构建

拟南芥细胞死亡突变体mod1突变位点位于第2染色体分子标记IGS1和mi421之间. 以这一区域YAC重叠群中的YAC克隆末端DNA片段CIC9A3R, CIC11C7L, CIC2G5R及RFLP分子标记克隆CDs3为探针筛选TAMU BAC文库, 获得31个阳性BAC克隆. 用BAC克隆的末端DNA片段杂交所有阳性BAC克隆, 确立了由T6P5, T7M23, T12A21, T8L6及T18A18等克隆组成的MOD1基因所在区域的BAC重叠群. 同时在这一区域发展出11个CAPS分子标记和12个STS序标, 为MOD1基因的图位克隆与鉴定分析及这一区域的全序列测定奠定了基础.     

水稻苯达松敏感致死基因的RAPD标记和SCAR标记

利用RAPD技术对水稻品种农林 8号 (含苯达松抗性基因Ben)和其突变体农林 8号m (含苯达松敏感致死基因ben)进行标记 ,从 36 0个 10bp寡核苷酸随机引物中筛选出 5个引物产生的 7个RAPD标记。经对多态性标记的克隆和序列分析 ,再设计PCR引物 ,将其中 4个RAPD标记OPG18/ 94 3、OPG18/ 972、OPD10 / 12 4 8和OPF0 3/ 1198转化成SCAR标记SCAR/G18/ 883、SCAR/G18/ 890、SCAR/G18/ 919/ 94 8、SCAR/D10 / 12 37、SCAR/F0 3/ 1186。通过对农林 8号×农林 8号mF2 分离群体 32 0个单株的连锁分析及在 1对含ben基因的近等基因系H12 1和Hben12 1中验证 ,标记SCAR/G18/ 883、SCAR/G18/ 890、SCAR/G18/ 919/ 94 8与Ben或ben基因共分离 ,SCAR/D10 / 12 37与Ben基因的遗传距离为 (14 .8± 2 .1)cM。经Southernblotting分析并结合F2 代分离比例表明 ,标记OPG18/ 94 3、OPG18/ 972及其转化的SCAR标记在基因组中为单拷贝序列 ,且OPG18/ 94 3和OPG18/ 972为一对等位STS位点。这是首次报道与ben或Ben基因相连锁的分子标记。本研究为利用分子标记辅助ben基因的转育及利用图位克隆技术分离ben基因提供了有用的分子标记。     

棉花BAC文库快速筛选法

目的:构建棉花细菌人工染色体(Bacterial Artificial Chromosome,BAC)文库的快速筛选法,以期从BAC文库中大量、快速、高效筛选出特定BAC克隆,为从事基因组测序、分离和分析特定基因、构建物理图谱及基因图位克隆等生物学技术研究奠定基础。方法:构建了整板、行、列的三维混合池,以菌液PCR为基础,从BAC文库中筛选出含有特定DNA片段的BAC单克隆。结果:从BAC文库的3 456个克隆中,共筛选出16个阳性单克隆,涉及13条染色体、11个SSR标记。结论:该文构建的棉花BAC文库筛选体系,筛选快速、准确,适合从BAC文库中大量筛选BAC单克隆。结合当前的多种BAC文库筛选方法进行探讨,根据不同的实验目的选择更合适的筛选方法和操作步骤。     

水稻中一个NBS-LRR抗病同源基因家族的克隆和分析

利用克隆的抗病基因同源序列RS13作为探针,从水稻IR64的BAC文库中筛选到4个阳性克隆,其中一个克隆14E19能够覆盖其余3个克隆。对14E19进行全序列测定和分析,获得了73kb的全长DNA序列,基因预测显示其上有4个编码NBS-LRR结构域的基因(NL),分别命名为NL-A,B,C和D。对具有相同基因组背景的IRBB56同一染色体位置上跨度更大的BAC克隆106P13进行分析,发现其上有10个NL同源拷贝,其中4个同14E19上的NL一样。搜索日本晴、93—11、广陆矮4号的序列,发现三者有类似的同源序列。但与已知的NBS-LRR抗病基因同源性较低,说明NL是一个至少由10个成员(分别命名为NL-A至J)组成的新基因家族。对NL家族进行RT-PCR和cDNA库筛选分析,发现NL-B基因能够在抗白叶枯病品系IRBB4中表达,暗示该基因参与了抗病反应。     

水稻苯达松敏感致死基因的RAPD标记和SCAR标记

利用RAPD技术对水稻品种农林8号(含苯达松抗性基因Ben)和其突变体农林8号m (含苯达松敏感致死基因ben)进行标记,从360个10 bp寡核苷酸随机引物中筛选出5个引物产生的7个RAPD标记.经对多态性标记的克隆和序列分析,再设计PCR引物,将其中4个RAPD标记OPG18/943、OPG18/972、OPD10/1248和OPF03/1198转化成SCAR标记SCAR/G18/883、SCAR/G18/890、SCAR/G18/919/948、SCAR/D10/1237、SCAR/F03/1186.通过对农林8号×农林8号m F2分离群体320个单株的连锁分析及在1对含ben基因的近等基因系H121和Hben121中验证,标记SCAR/G18/883、SCAR/G18/890、SCAR/G18/919/948与Ben 或ben基因共分离,SCAR/D10/1237与Ben基因的遗传距离为(14.8±2.1) cM.经Southern blotting分析并结合F2代分离比例表明,标记OPG18/943、OPG18/972及其转化的SCAR标记在基因组中为单拷贝序列,且OPG18/943和OPG18/972为一对等位STS位点.这是首次报道与ben或Ben基因相连锁的分子标记.本研究为利用分子标记辅助ben基因的转育及利用图位克隆技术分离ben基因提供了有用的分子标记.     

无选择标记和载体骨干序列的Xa21转基因水稻的获得

利用双右边界T-DNA载体通过根癌农杆菌介导法将水稻白叶枯病广谱抗性基因Xa21导入杂交稻重要恢复系C418中。T0代共获得27个独立转基因株系,通过田间抗性鉴定与PCR分析,有17个株系的Xa21基因分子鉴定为阳性,且对白叶枯病原菌P6生理小种具有抗性。通过对17个株系的后代植株进行田间抗性鉴定,分子标记辅助选择及Southern杂交分析,结果显示4个株系的T1代植株中能分离出无潮霉素标记基因的Xa21转基因植株。无选择标记Xa21转基因株系的获得率为15%。PCR检测还表明,这些无选择标记的Xa21转基因植株不带有载体骨架序列。通过对转基因后代进一步的抗性鉴定与PCR辅助选择,获得了无选择标记和载体骨架序列的转基因Xa21纯合的抗白叶枯病水稻。     

东方田鼠部分BAC文库的微卫星筛选

目的 从东方田鼠的部分BAC文库中筛选微卫星.方法 应用非放射性的菌落杂交方法和磁珠富集法从东方田鼠的BAC文库中筛选高质量的微卫星标记.结果 以地高辛标记的寡聚核苷酸(CA)20为探针,通过菌落杂交法从136个东方田鼠BAC克隆中筛选出杂交信号最强的20个阳性克隆.再将这20个阳性克隆分别通过链霉亲和素磁珠法构建亚克隆文库,从中选取400个经PCR鉴定为阳性的亚克隆进一步测序分析,共得到220个微卫星序列,阳性率55％.选取重复次数高,侧翼序列完整的微卫星序列设计74对引物,共有35对引物能扩增出清晰的条带,其中16对引物具有多态性.结论 成功且高效地从阳性BAC克隆中筛选出微卫星序列,这些微卫星和阳性BAC克隆可用于后续的定位研究.     

由农杆菌介导将白叶枯病抗性基因Xa21转入我国的5个水稻品种

利用农杆菌介导的转化系统将已克隆的Xa21基因转入我国5个水稻主栽品种, 获得了110个独立的转基因系. 转基因植株的PCR和Southern分析揭示Xa21基因已整合到受体基因组. 已整合的Xa21基因能稳定遗传, 单拷贝整合的转化体在自交T1代呈现抗感3:1的分离. 接种实验表明转基因T0植株和Xa21-PCR阳性T1植株对白叶枯病的高度抗性. 经过筛选的Xa21纯合的具有优良品质的抗性转基因系可以作为品种直接种植, 或者用于杂交稻育种.     

用花药愈伤组织作为转化受体的水稻转基因植株的分析

以花药愈伤组织作为转化的受体材料,利用农杆菌介导法将已克隆的Xa21基因导入粳稻栽培品种台北309中。共获得7个转基因株系,其中2个单倍体,4个二倍体,1个混倍体。PCR、Southern、FISH以及白叶枯病抗性的分析结果都表明．Xa21基因已整合到T0代受体基因组。调查了4个二倍体株系T1代的分离情况,经x^2测验证明,有2个株系的分离比为3：1,为单拷贝插入,另外2个株系不符合孟德尔分离。4个T0代二倍体转基因株系应为杂合二倍体。     

水稻NBS-LRR类R基因同源序列

根据多数抗病基因(R)编码蛋白质的核苷酸结合区(nucleotide binding site, NBS)和富含亮氨酸重复(leucine-rich repeat,LRR)保守区域特点,设计PCR特异扩增引物,从水稻中克隆了大小约为520 bpDNA片段23个.通过序列同源比较分析发现, 它们编码的蛋白质氨基酸序列包括有NBS-LRR类基因所具有的kinase-1a,kinase-2a, kinase-3a和保守的domain 2区域,它们属于R基因同源序列(R gene homologous sequence, 简称RS).聚类结果发现它们分为4类.遗传定位结果表明它们分布在1,3,4,7~11染色体上,其中10个RS位于已知R基因所在的染色体区间.用水稻抗白叶枯病基因Xa4的近等基因系和基因累加系对克隆的NBS-LRR同源序列进行RFLP分析,发现序列RS13可能来自Xa4基因家族.     

Chromosome landing at the bacterial blight resistance gene<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Xa4</Emphasis> locus using a deep coverage rice BAC library

Xa4 is a dominantly inherited rice gene that confers resistance to Philippine race 1 of the bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in rice. In order to isolate the gene by positional cloning, a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library was constructed from genomic DNA isolated from an Xa4-harboring accession, IRBB56. The library contains 55,296 clones with an average insert size of 132 kb, providing 14 rice genome equivalents. Three DNA markers closely linked to Xa4 were used to screen the library. The marker RS13, a resistance gene analogue that co-segregates with Xa4, identified 18 clones, of which four and six, respectively, were simultaneously detected by the other two markers, G181 and L1044. Fingerprinting and Southern analysis indicated that these clones overlapped and define an interval spanning 420 kb. In an F2 population derived from an indica variety, IR24, and its Xa4-containing near isogenic line (NIL), IRBB4, the susceptible plants were screened in order to map the Xa4 gene genetically and physically. Out of 24 insert ends isolated from the BACs in the contig, three revealed polymorphisms between IR24 and IRBB4. Two insert ends, 56M22F and 26D24R, flanked Xa4 on each side. Based on the overlap of the BACs, six overlapping clones were considered to include the Xa4 allele, one of which, 106P13, was chosen for further investigation.     

NBS-LRR resistance gene homologues in rice

Twenty three DNA fragments with a size of about 520 bp have been cloned from rice genome by PCR amplification using primers designed according to the conserved region of most plant resistance (R) genes which have Nucleotide Binding Site (NBS) and Leucine-Rich Repeat (LRR) domains. Homologous comparison showed that these fragments contained typical motifs of the NBS-LRR resistance gene class, kinase 1a, kinase 2a, kinase 3a and domain 2. Thus they were named R gene homologous sequences (RS). These RS were divided into 4 groups by clustering analysis and mapped onto chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, respectively, by genetic mapping. Ten RS were located in the chromosomal intervals where known R genes had been mapped. Further RFLP analysis of an RS, RS13, near the bacterial blight resistance gene Xa4 locus on chromosome 11 among near isogenic lines and pyramiding lines of Xa4 showed that RS13 was possibly amplified from the gene family of Xa4.     

药用野生稻转育后代一个抗白叶枯病新基因的定位

从药用野生稻渗入后代选育的水稻株系B5表现为高抗褐飞虱、白背飞虱和白叶枯病。对B5与籼稻品种明恢63杂交组合的187个重组自交系(RILs)进行了抗白叶枯病接种鉴定,采用分离集团分析法(Bulked Segregant Analysis,BSA),在第1染色体上筛选到与水稻抗白叶枯病基因相连锁RFLP分子标记。利用RILs抗病性表现型鉴定资料和构建的分子标记连锁图谱,将抗白叶枯病基因定位在第1染色体短臂的C904和R596之间,这两个分子标记间遗传距离为1．3cM。该基因对RILs群体抗病性变异的贡献率为52．96％,是一效应值较大的主效基因。这一抗白叶枯病基因不同于已报道的抗白叶枯病基因的位点,因此将其命名为Xa29(t)。     

高覆盖率水稻ＢＡＣ库的构建及抗病基因相关克隆的筛选

利用含Ｘa4、xa5和xa13 3个水稻白叶枯病抗性基因的累加系ＩＲＢＢ５６构建了一个水稻细菌人工染色体文库,该文库包含５５２９６个克隆,平均插入升段为１３２kb。按水稻基因组为４５０Ｍb计,该文库覆盖１４倍基因组,筛选出任一水稻基因或序列的概率为９９．９９％。用均匀分布的３个叶绿体基因和４个线粒体基因克隆作探针筛选文库,结果显示该文库中含细菌器基因组ＤＮＡ同源序列的克隆数小于１％、用分布于水稻３条不同染色体、分别与Ｘa4、xa5和xa13连锁的ＤＮＡ标记筛选文库,分别检测出１１－１０６个阳性克隆,为克隆这些基因打下了基础。该文库对水稻基因组的高度覆盖率和较大的插入片段,非常适合于物理作图和基因的分离和克隆。     

NBS-LRR resistance gene homologues in rice

Twenty three DNA fragments with a size of about 520 bp have been cloned from rice genome by PCR amplification using primers designed according to the conserved region of most plant resistance (R) genes which have Nucleotide Binding Site (NBS) and Leucine-Rich Repeat (LRR) domains. Homologous comparison showed that these fragments contained typical motifs of the NBS-LRR resistance gene class, kinase 1a, kinase 2a, kinase 3a and domain 2. Thus they were named R gene homologous sequences (RS). These RS were divided into 4 groups by clustering analysis and mapped onto chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, respectively, by genetic mapping. Ten RS were located in the chromosomal intervals where known R genes had been mapped. Further RFLP analysis of an RS, RS13, near the bacterial blight resistance geneXa4 locus on chromosome 11 among near isogenic lines and pyramiding lines ofXa4 showed that RS13 was possibly amplified from the gene family ofXa4.     

Marker assisted selection of bacterial blight resistance genes in rice

Bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is one of the most important diseases affecting rice production in Asia. We were interested in surveying rice genotypes that are popularly used in the Indian breeding program for conferring resistance to bacterial blight, using 11 STMS and 6 STS markers. The basis of selection of these DNA markers was their close linkage to xa5, xa13, and Xa21 genes and their positions on the rice genetic map relative to bacterial blight resistance genes. Eight lines were found to contain the xa5 gene while two lines contained Xa21 gene and none of the lines contained the xa13 gene with the exception of its near-isogenic line. Using the polymorphic markers obtained in the initial survey, marker-assisted selection was performed in the F3 population of a cross between IR-64 and IET-14444 to detect lines containing multiple resistance genes. Of the 59 progeny lines analyzed, eight lines contained both the resistance genes, xa5 and Xa4.     

水稻抗白叶枯病基因Xa-4的PCR标记研究

根据与水稻抗白叶枯病基因Ｘａ－４紧密连锁的分子标记Ｍ５５的序列设计引物,通过对国际水稻研究所育成的抗白叶枯病近等基因系和基因累加系的叶片ＤＮＡ、半粒种子提取物及Ｘａ－４基因的杂合体ＤＮＡ的ＰＣＲ特异扩增,初步建立了Ｘａ－４的ＰＣＲ标记体系。进而用该标记体系对我国籼型杂交水稻常用的亲本材料进行分析,揭示出了Ｘａ－４在这些材料中的分布情况。     

Detection of bacterial blight resistance genes in basmati rice landraces

Aromatic basmati rice is vulnerable to bacterial blight disease. Genes conferring resistance to bacterial blight have been identified in coarse rice; however, their incorporation into basmati varieties compromises the prized basmati aroma. We identified bacterial blight resistance genes Xa4, xa5, Xa7, and xa13 in 52 basmati landraces and five basmati cultivars using PCR markers. The Xa7 gene was found to be the most prevalent among the cultivars and landraces. The cultivars Basmati-385 and Basmati-2000 also contained the Xa4 gene; however, xa5 and xa13 were confined to landraces only. Ten landraces were found to have multiple resistance genes. Landraces Basmati-106, Basmati-189 and Basmati-208 contained Xa4 and Xa7 genes. Whereas, landraces Basmati-122, Basmati-427, Basmati-433 were observed to have xa5 and Xa7 genes. Landraces Basmati-48, Basmati-51A, Basmati-334, and Basmati-370A possessed Xa7 and xa13 genes. The use of landraces containing recessive genes xa5 and xa13 as donor parents in hybridization with cultivars Basmati-385 and Basmati-2000, which contain the genes Xa4 and Xa7, will expedite efforts to develop bacterial blight-resistant basmati rice cultivars through marker assisted selection, based on a pyramiding approach, without compromising aroma and grain quality.     

Analysis of Pathogenic Diversity of the Rice Bacterial Blight Pathogen (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) in the Andaman Islands and Identification of Effective Resistance Genes

Bacterial blight (BB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a major disease of rice in the tropics for which genetic resistance in the host plants is the only effective solution. This study aimed at identification of resistance gene combinations effective against Xoo isolates and fingerprinting of the Xoo isolates of Andaman Islands (India). Here, we report the reaction of 21 rice BB differentials possessing Xa1 to Xa21 genes individually and in different combinations to various isolates of pathogen collected from Andaman Islands. Pathological screening results of 14 isolates revealed that among individual genes tested across 2 years, Xa4, Xa7 and Xa21 conferred resistance reaction across all isolates, whereas among combinations, IRBB 50 (Xa4 + xa5), IRBB 52 (Xa4 + Xa21) and IRBB 60 (Xa4 + xa5 + xa13 + Xa21) conveyed effective resistance against tested isolates. The nature of genetic diversity among four isolates selected on the basis of geographical isolation in the islands was studied through DNA finger printing. The RAPD primers S111, S119, S1117, S1109, S1103, S109 and S105 were found to be better indicators of molecular diversity among isolates than JEL primers. The diversity analysis grouped 14 isolates into three major clusters based on disease reaction wherein isolate no. 8 was found the most divergent as well as highly virulent. The remaining isolates were classified into two distinct groups. The importance of the study in the context of transfer of resistance gene(s) in the local cultivars specifically for tropical island conditions is presented and discussed.     

云南野生稻中的抗白叶枯病基因Xa21的鉴定

水稻白叶枯病是水稻生产上的主要细菌病害之一。从野生稻中发掘优异的水稻白叶枯病抗性材料,可以拓宽栽培稻抗白叶枯病遗传基础。经过温室接菌鉴定和PCR标记分析,对云南野生稻进行Xa21基因的检测鉴定。温室接菌鉴定表明,云南野生稻对广谱致病小种PX099及云南强致病菌Y8具有较好的抗性能力,特别是疣粒野生稻对致病菌株达到免疫程度;PCR标记分析表明,云南野生稻不含有Xa21基因,但含有与Xa21基因某些区域同源的片段。本研究结果为寻找新的抗源材料及快速发掘利用云南野生稻中的抗白叶枯病基因提供理论依据。