筛选和定位含水稻端粒相关序列的BAC克隆

根据水稻的端粒重复序列 ,设计了 2个引物 :(TTTAGGG) ₃ 和 (CCC TAAA) ₃ CCC ,利用单引物在水稻总DNA中进行PCR扩增 ,分别得到Tas1和Tas2 .这 2个片段在定位亲本间均无多态性 .Tas1的原位杂交表明该序列位于 2对染色体端部 .以Tas1为探针在所构建的水稻基因组BAC文库中筛选到 1个克隆 ,South ern杂交证明此克隆也包含序列Tas2 ,取该克隆中的单拷贝序列利用ZYQ/JX1 7DH群体将其定位在第 6号染色体的端部 .并对Tas1和Tas2在此克隆中的排列进行了初步研究     

水稻中一个NBS-LRR抗病同源基因家族的克隆和分析

利用克隆的抗病基因同源序列RS13作为探针,从水稻IR64的BAC文库中筛选到4个阳性克隆,其中一个克隆14E19能够覆盖其余3个克隆。对14E19进行全序列测定和分析,获得了73kb的全长DNA序列,基因预测显示其上有4个编码NBS-LRR结构域的基因(NL),分别命名为NL-A,B,C和D。对具有相同基因组背景的IRBB56同一染色体位置上跨度更大的BAC克隆106P13进行分析,发现其上有10个NL同源拷贝,其中4个同14E19上的NL一样。搜索日本晴、93—11、广陆矮4号的序列,发现三者有类似的同源序列。但与已知的NBS-LRR抗病基因同源性较低,说明NL是一个至少由10个成员(分别命名为NL-A至J)组成的新基因家族。对NL家族进行RT-PCR和cDNA库筛选分析,发现NL-B基因能够在抗白叶枯病品系IRBB4中表达,暗示该基因参与了抗病反应。     

云南药用野生稻核基因组细菌人工染色体(BAC)文库的构建与分析

通过云南药用野生稻核基因组BAC文库的构建,保存处于濒危状态的云南药用野生稻遗传资源,该文库包含27 500个克隆,随机挑取80个克隆检测,插入片段平均大小为80kb,文库容量相当于水稻基因大小的5.1倍。     

人基因组YAC分子克隆库的构建及DMD基因YAC克隆的筛选

以pYAC4为载体,以正常人白细胞和含4条X染色体的细胞株GM1414为DNA源构建成人基因组YAC(Yeast Artificial Chromosome,酵母人工染色体)分子克隆库,已得到原始克隆近2万个,插入DNA片段长度在400—1000kb,从其中选出一组YAC克隆,它们含有DMD基因全部DNA顺序。     

优良水稻品种“明恢63”BAC文库的构建

“明恢６３”是我国许多重要的水稻杂交组合中的恢复系。为了对其进行深入的遗传学研究以及克隆控制重要农艺性状的基因,以细菌人工染色体（ｐＢｅｌｏＢＡＣ１１）为载体,克隆经限制性内切酶消化后部分收集的“明恢６３”基因组ＤＮＡ,将连接混合物转化细菌ＤＨ１０Ｂ,构建了细菌人工染色体（ＢＡＣ）文库。该文库共有２６０００个转化子,插入片段为９０～２４０ｋｂ,平均大小为１５０ｋｂ。经计算该文库覆盖９倍水稻基因组。该文库正在用于构建几个基因所在区段的物理图谱,为图位克隆打下基础     

淀粉酶链霉菌BAC基因组文库的构建及鉴定

提取淀粉酶链霉菌SM33基因组DNA,用Hind III部分酶解后回收40 kb～60 kb大小的高分子量DNA,与质粒载体pIndigoBAC536连接,电击转化EPI300感受态细胞,经蓝白斑筛选共挑取了5 184个白色克隆.从文库中随机挑选10个克隆,酶切检测平均插入片段约为50 kb,覆盖了32.4倍基因组.并且插入片段均具有9～15个Not I酶切位点,符合链霉菌基因组特征.通过对BAC文库的筛选,获得苹果酸脱氢酶基因(mdh)的保守序列,与已知的链霉菌mdh具有很高的相似性.淀粉酶链霉菌BAC基因组文库的建立,对基因克隆、基因组物理图谱、次级代谢途径、新抗生素的发现以及工业用酶的应用等研究均有重要意义.     

水稻抗白叶枯病基因Xa4位点跨叠BAC克隆群的构建

水稻白叶枯病抗性基因Xa4已被定位于第11染色体长臂末端的分子标记VG181和L1044之间,并与抗性基因同源序列片段RS13共分离。利用这3个标记筛选IRBB56的BAC文库,共得到128个阳性BAC克隆,其中RS13获得18个阳性克隆,这18个克隆中有4个和6个我隆分别同时为G181和L1044的阳性克隆,选其中的12克隆进行分析,构建了一个从G181到L1044区间的BAC跨叠克隆,全长420kb,并且56M22、106P13和104B153个BAC克隆可覆盖整个跨叠克隆群。这一研究结果为进一步分离Xa4基因打下基础。     

抗香蕉枯萎病的野生蕉抗病基因类似序列的克隆与表达

野生蕉是香蕉遗传改良的天然基因库。为了分离野生蕉中的抗病基因类似序列,根据核苷酸结合位点（nucleotide binding site,NBS）和丝氨酸,苏氨酸蛋白激酶域设计简并性引物,以经过鉴定的抗香蕉枯萎病4号生理小种的野生蕉（Musaacuminata）叶片cDNA为模板进行PCR扩增。经过对扩增产物进行克隆和测序,获得了6个500bp左右的RGAs片段。其中有2个RGA（WNB1和WNB2）具有NB—ARC保守结构域特征,并且WNB1具有连续的ORF。其余4个RGAs（WST1、WST2、WST3和WST4）均具有丝氨酸,苏氨酸蛋白激酶域特征,且WST3编码的氨基酸序列与水稻抗叶斑病基因Xa21同源性很高。用半定量PCR分析枯萎病菌诱导后野生蕉叶片中RGAs的表达情况,结果表明WNB1和WST3受枯萎病菌诱导后表达量增强,这表明wNB1和WST3的表达可能与香蕉枯萎病抗性相关。     

镰刀菌诱导的泸定百合SSH文库构建及抗病相关基因筛选

该研究以泸定百合(Lilium sargentiae Wilson)为材料,构建其组培苗经百合尖孢镰刀菌侵染后的叶片SSH文库,从中筛选镰刀菌枯萎病抗病相关基因。从正向SSH文库中随机挑取300个单克隆测序后得到280条ESTs,进行功能比对分析后,除去未知功能、沉冗蛋白以及无同源序列,得到有功能的ESTs共168条,其功能涉及信号传导、蛋白质合成与代谢、抗病与防御、物质与能量代谢、转录相关等多种途径,其中有31条ESTs与抗病防御相关。从抗病防御相关基因中选取8条ESTs:过氧化氢酶、ATP结合盒转运蛋白(ABC transporter)、Kunitz型胰蛋白酶抑制剂4(Kunitz trypsin inhibitor 4)、丝氨酸乙醛酸氨基转移酶、多聚泛素、脂氧合酶I(Lipoxygenase I)、丝氨酸/苏安酸蛋白激酶(Serine/Threonine-protein kinase)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(Arabidopsis thaliana),通过RTPCR对其表达情况进行分析,发现经镰刀菌诱导后均为上调表达,推测它们可能参与了泸定百合镰刀菌枯萎病的抗病反应途径。     

东乡野生稻双元细菌人工染色体(BIBAC)文库的构建

双元细菌人工染色体(binarybacterialartificialchromosome,BIBAC)是能直接将大片段DNA转入植物的载体,是植物基因图位克隆和构建植物基因嵌入突变体库的重要工具。该研究以东乡野生稻为材料,构建其BIBAC文库。该文库由14592个克隆组成,平均插入片段大小为65kb,覆盖率为2倍基因组。稳定性检测结果表明,东乡野生稻基因组DNA能够在BIBAC载体中稳定存在。     

细菌人工染色体文库的构建及应用

细菌人工染色体（BAC）是第二代大片段DNA的克隆载体系统,具有容量大、嵌合率低、遗传特性稳定、转化效率高、插入片段易回收、操作简便等优点,因而被广泛应用于基因组较大的真核生物基因组研究中,并发挥着前所未有的重要作用。本文综述了BAC的发展,利用此载体构建基因组文库的程序和鉴定方法,及其在物理图谱构建、图位克隆、基因组测序、转基因技术等研究中的应用。     

PCR筛选BAC文库和直接BAC末端测序方法的建立

建立了一种用PCR方法筛选富含高度重复序列的大麦BAC DNA 文库和直接对 BAC DNA进行末端测序的方法.用PCR技术进行大麦BAC DNA 文库(含816个平板,每个平板含384个克隆)的筛选分4步进行.在实验中,建立了两个水平的BAC DNA池(一级池和二级池).一个二级池由一个平板(含有384个克隆)的DNA 组成,一个一级池由连续10个稀释100倍的二级池的DNA混合而成(如1～10,11～20等),共82个一级池.BAC DNA 文库筛选的第一步是对82个一级池的筛选.得到阳性一级池后(如2号一级池),对其所含的10个二级池(从11～20)进行第二步筛选.得到阳性二级池后,培养相应的阳性平板的所有克隆(384个),从头开始(左上侧),每相邻的4个克隆为一组,在96孔板上(4 X 96=384) 进行第三轮PCR反应;之后对筛选结果为阳性的4个克隆分别进行菌落 PCR(第四轮)得到单一阳性克隆.根据BAC DNA Hind III 酶切指纹图谱,对同一引物筛选的BACs进行重叠群作图(Contig).对代表contig 的两端的BAC DNA直接进行末端测序并对测序结果Blast,以检测其在大麦中是否属于单拷贝序列.根据测序和Blast结果设计引物,用中国春附加系(附加大麦染色体)对来自BAC克隆的引物进行染色体定位并用分离群体进行遗传学作图,以确定是否可以用作下一步的染色体步行.     

细菌人工染色体基因组文库构建方法的改进

目的:建立一种改进的更简便、易操作的细菌人工染色体(BAC)文库构建方法。方法:在构建猪霍乱沙门氏菌基因组大片段DNA的BAC文库时,对改进的基因组BAC文库构建方法和常规的BAC文库构建方法进行比较。结果:利用改进的方法可简便快速地构建猪霍乱沙门氏菌基因组BAC文库。结论:使用2种方法构建BAC文库,其转化效率,以及在BAC克隆中插入的DNA片段的大小和BAC克隆的稳定性等都相同,从而表明改进的方法更简单、更方便,它能使BAC文库的构建更为高效。     

Construction of a BAC Library for a Defoliating Insect-Resistant Soybean and Identification of Candidate Clones Using a Novel Approach

Positional cloning of an insect-resistance quantitative trait locus (QTL) requires the construction of a large-insert genomic DNA library from insect-resistant genotypes. To facilitate cloning of a major defoliating insect-resistance QTL on linkage group M of the soybean genetic map, a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library for PI 229358 was constructed and characterized. The HindIII BAC library contains 55,296 clones with an average insert size 131 kb. This library represents a 6-fold soybean haploid genome equivalents, allowing a 99.8% probability of recovering any specific sequence of interest in soybean. BAC filters were screened with a genomic DNA probe Sat_258sc2 obtained through genome walking from flanking sequences of a simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker, Sat_258, which links to the insect-resistance QTL. Thirteen BAC clones were identified positive for Sat_258sc2, and two of them were confirmed to carry Sat_258. The results suggest that this library is useful in positional cloning of the major insect-resistance QTL, and the approach presented here can be used to screen a BAC library for a SSR marker without requiring the creation of BAC pools.     

Construction of a BAC library of Korean ginseng and initial analysis of BAC-end sequences

We estimated the genome size of Korean ginseng ( Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), a medicinal herb, constructed a Hin dIII BAC library, and analyzed BAC-end sequences to provide an initial characterization of the library. The 1C nuclear DNA content of Korean ginseng was estimated to be 3.33 pg (3.12×10³ Mb). The BAC library consists of 106,368 clones with an average size of 98.61 kb, amounting to 3.34 genome equivalents. Sequencing of 2167 BAC clones generated 2492 BAC-end sequences with an average length of 400 bp. Analysis using BLAST and motif searches revealed that 10.2%, 20.9% and 3.8% of the BAC-end sequences contained protein-coding regions, transposable elements and microsatellites, respectively. A comparison of the functional categories represented by the protein-coding regions found in BAC-end sequences with those of Arabidopsis revealed that proteins pertaining to energy metabolism, subcellular localization, cofactor requirement and transport facilitation were more highly represented in the P. ginseng sample. In addition, a sequence encoding a glucosyltransferase-like protein implicated in the ginsenoside biosynthesis pathway was also found. The majority of the transposable element sequences found belonged to the gypsy type (67.6%), followed by copia (11.7%) and LINE (8.0%) retrotransposons, whereas DNA transposons accounted for only 2.1% of the total in our sequence sample. Higher levels of transposable elements than protein-coding regions suggest that mobile elements have played an important role in the evolution of the genome of Korean ginseng, and contributed significantly to its complexity. We also identified 103 microsatellites with 3–38 repeats in their motifs. The BAC library and BAC-end sequences will serve as a useful resource for physical mapping, positional cloning and genome sequencing of P. ginseng.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at Communicated by M.-A. Grandbastien     

Construction and characterization of two rice bacterial artificial chromosome libraries from the parents of a permanent recombinant inbred mapping population

Rice is a leading grain crop and the staple food for over half of the world population. Rice is also an ideal species for genetic and biological studies of cereal crops and other monocotyledonous plants because of its small genome and well developed genetic system. To facilitate rice genome analysis leading to physical mapping, the identification of molecular markers closely linked to economic traits, and map-based cloning, we have constructed two rice bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries from the parents of a permanent mapping population (Lemont and Teqing) consisting of 400 F9 recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Lemont (japonica) and Teqing (indica) represent the two major genomes of cultivated rice, both are leading commercial varieties and widely used germplasm in rice breeding programs. The Lemont library contains 7296 clones with an average insert size of 150 kb, which represents 2.6 rice haploid genome equivalents. The Teqing library contains 14208 clones with an average insert size of 130 kb, which represents 4.4. rice haploid genome equivalents. Three single-copy DNA probes were used to screen the libraries and at least two overlapping BAC clones were isolated with each probe from each library, ranging from 45 to 260 kb in insert size. Hybridization of BAC clones with chloroplast DNA probes and fluorescent in situ hybridization using BAC DNA as probes demonstrated that both libraries contain very few clones of chloroplast DNA origin and are likely free of chimeric clones. These data indicate that both BAC libraries should be suitable for map-based cloning of rice genes and physical mapping of the rice genome.     

棉花BAC文库快速筛选法

目的:构建棉花细菌人工染色体(Bacterial Artificial Chromosome,BAC)文库的快速筛选法,以期从BAC文库中大量、快速、高效筛选出特定BAC克隆,为从事基因组测序、分离和分析特定基因、构建物理图谱及基因图位克隆等生物学技术研究奠定基础。方法:构建了整板、行、列的三维混合池,以菌液PCR为基础,从BAC文库中筛选出含有特定DNA片段的BAC单克隆。结果:从BAC文库的3 456个克隆中,共筛选出16个阳性单克隆,涉及13条染色体、11个SSR标记。结论:该文构建的棉花BAC文库筛选体系,筛选快速、准确,适合从BAC文库中大量筛选BAC单克隆。结合当前的多种BAC文库筛选方法进行探讨,根据不同的实验目的选择更合适的筛选方法和操作步骤。     

Construction and characterization of BAC libraries for three fish species; rainbow trout, carp and tilapia

Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries are important tools for genomic research. We have constructed seven genomic BAC libraries from three fish species, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), carp (Cyprinus carpio) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The two rainbow trout BAC libraries have average insert sizes of 58 and 110 kb. The average size of inserts in the carp BAC library is 160 kb. The average insert sizes of the four tilapia BAC libraries are 65, 105, 145 and 194 kb, respectively. These libraries represent good coverage of each genome (2-64 x coverage). The libraries can be screened by conventional colony hybridization and provide a starting point for the construction of high-density filtres or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening approaches. These BAC libraries will facilitate the positional cloning of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for a variety of economically important traits in these species.