普通齿蛉和单斑巨齿蛉(广翅目:齿蛉科)卵块及1龄幼虫形态学研究

本文以普通齿蛉Neoneuromus ignobilis Navás,1932和单斑巨齿蛉Acanthacorydalis unimaculata Yang et Yang,1986为例,描述和比较了广翅目齿蛉科齿蛉属和巨齿蛉属的卵块及1龄幼虫形态特征.结果显示普通齿蛉与单斑巨齿蛉的卵块和1龄幼虫在形态上有着较大差异:普通齿蛉卵块约为单斑巨齿蛉卵块的3/4;普通齿蛉卵粒约为单斑巨齿蛉卵粒的2/3,卵粒都呈圆柱形,差异不大;普通齿蛉外层白色覆盖物厚度是单斑巨齿蛉的2～3倍.普通齿蛉卵块为单个附着在芦苇叶上,形状有4种类型,分别为椭圆形、螺形、卵圆形、圆形,在所有样本中其占比分别依次为47.1％、9.8％、17.6％和25.5％;单斑巨齿蛉卵块多为数个相连附着在桥底,卵壳薄且最外层卵粒向外翘起,使其表面如突起均匀地分布在卵壳表面.普通齿蛉1龄幼虫腹部背面白色的线状裸露区较稳定,且8对气管鳃靠近末端都有褐色和黄色的斑纹,而单斑巨齿蛉1龄幼虫腹部背面呈深褐色,腹部背面裸露区和颜色分布不稳定,气管鳃无花斑;两种1龄幼虫腹部两侧均都无毛簇.这些数据资料不仅丰富了广翅目昆虫的相关知识,而且为其产业化应用提供了参考.     

条背萤幼虫水生适应性形态与游泳行为研究

研究了条背萤Luciolasubstriata幼虫的形态特征及其对游泳行为的适应。形态及扫描电镜观察发现,条背萤幼虫存在二态现象。1～2龄幼虫虫体扁平,多毛。有7对呼吸鳃,分别位于腹部第1～7节。3～6龄幼虫虫体扁平呈船形,无呼吸鳃,靠气管呼吸。二者均具有扁平桨状的足、燕尾状尾节及位于尾节末端的圆柱形粘附器官。条背萤幼虫游动时身体腹面朝上,呈仰泳姿态,足向后划水。3～6龄幼虫仰泳时足共有8种摆动姿势。幼虫仰泳时足摆动1个周期所需时间为(0.611±0.16)s。腹部末端可上下左右摆动,当幼虫向前游动时,尾部上下摆动1个周期所需时间为(1.795±0.44)s。幼虫的游泳速度为(0.85±0.16)mh。仰泳中的幼虫改变方向时,头部和尾部同时向身体的一侧弯曲,当头部与尾部呈近90°时,幼虫用力将尾部伸直,此时水产生一个反作用力继续推动幼虫转向,幼虫转向的范围为0～90°。条背萤2种类型幼虫呼吸系统的不同决定着幼虫外部形态的差异及游泳行为的不同,而导致这种呼吸系统、形态及运动行为不同的原因很可能是条背萤对环境的适应性进化。     

黄玛草蛉对两种蚜虫的捕食效能

实验室条件下研究了黄玛草蛉2龄与3龄幼虫对甘蓝蚜以及玉米蚜成虫的捕食功能反应。结果表明:黄玛草蛉2龄与3龄幼虫对2种蚜虫的捕食量均随着猎物密度的增加而增加,寻找效应随着猎物密度的增加而减小。不同龄期幼虫对2种蚜虫的捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ模型,黄玛草蛉2龄与3龄幼虫对玉米蚜最大理论日捕食量分别为120.48头、185.18头;黄玛草蛉2龄与3龄幼虫对甘蓝蚜最大理论日捕食量分别为60.60头、86.95头。在相同猎物种类下,黄玛草蛉3龄幼虫对2种蚜虫的捕食量均高于黄玛草蛉2龄幼虫;在相同猎物密度下,黄玛草蛉2龄幼虫与3龄幼虫对玉米蚜的捕食量均高于甘蓝蚜。     

不同龄期的大草蛉对桃蚜的捕食作用

大草蛉Chrysopa pallens（Rambur）是我国分布较广、捕食能力较强的天敌昆虫。为明确大草蛉对桃蚜Myzus percicae潜在的控制能力,在室内研究了大草蛉不同龄期幼虫和成虫对桃蚜的捕食作用,以及种内干扰对大草蛉捕食的影响。结果表明：25℃恒温条件下,大草蛉成虫和幼虫对桃蚜的捕食功能反应可拟合Holling Ⅱ圆盘方程,在24 h内大草蛉成虫、1龄幼虫、2龄幼虫和3龄幼虫对桃蚜理论最大捕食量分别为370.4头、21.5头、112.4头和217.4头。大草蛉成虫和幼虫对桃蚜的捕食量均随着猎物密度的增加而增加,当桃蚜数量增加到150头后,大草蛉成虫和幼虫捕食量的增加速度明显减缓。成虫及幼虫对桃蚜的搜寻效应随着猎物密度的增加而降低,内干扰作用随着大草蛉虫龄的增加而增强。试验结果表明大草蛉对桃蚜具有较强的控害能力,对研究桃蚜生物防治技术有重要参考价值。     

丽草蛉对螺旋粉虱的捕食作用

实验室内观察了丽草蛉Chrysopa formosa Brauer各龄幼虫对螺旋粉虱Aleurodicus dispersus Russell的取食行为,并研究了3龄幼虫对螺旋粉虱的捕食作用.结果表明,丽草蛉各龄幼虫具有背负杂物习性,其幼虫利用双颚夹取螺旋粉虱若虫的蜡粉背负于背部,并取食螺旋粉虱的若虫和蛹.丽草蛉2龄、3龄幼虫还取食螺旋粉虱成虫.丽草蛉3龄幼虫的功能反应属于HollingⅡ,方程为Na=0.9287 N/1+0.9287×0.0078 N;对螺旋粉虱若虫具有较强的捕食能力,日最大捕食量为127.8149头.丽草蛉可作为一种捕食性天敌在螺旋粉虱的生物防治中加以利用.     

普通草蛉幼虫对麦二叉蚜和麦长管蚜的捕食功能反应与搜寻效应

[目的]为评价普通草蛉Chrysoperla carnea幼虫对麦二叉蚜Schizaphis graminum和麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae的捕食反应和选择偏好,以明确普通草蛉幼虫对这2种蚜虫的控害能力.[方法]室内设置不同密度的麦二叉蚜和麦长管蚜,统计普通草蛉2龄和3龄幼虫对2种猎物的捕食量,研究普通草蛉幼虫对麦二叉蚜和麦长管蚜的捕食功能反应和搜寻效应.[结果]相同猎物密度下,普通草蛉2龄、3龄幼虫对麦二叉蚜的捕食量均低于麦长管蚜且存在显著性差异,对2种小麦蚜虫的捕食功能反应均拟合Holling Ⅱ功能反应模型和Holling Ⅲ功能反应新模型.3龄幼虫对麦二叉蚜和麦长管蚜的瞬时攻击率分别为1.089和1.106,大于2龄幼虫对猎物的瞬时攻击率,同一龄期草蛉幼虫对麦长管蚜的瞬时攻击率及日最大捕食量大于麦二叉蚜,2龄和3龄幼虫对麦长管蚜的处理时间为0.005 d和0.004 d,均小于对麦二叉蚜的处理时间.普通草蛉幼虫对麦长管蚜的最佳寻找密度高于麦二叉蚜,其中2龄普通草蛉幼虫捕食麦长管蚜的最佳寻找密度最高,为39.200.普通草蛉幼虫对小麦蚜虫的搜寻效应随猎物密度增加而降低,对麦长管蚜的搜寻效应高于麦二叉蚜,麦长管蚜搜寻效应的下降趋势大于麦二叉蚜.[结论]普通草蛉幼虫对麦二叉蚜和麦长管蚜有较大的控害潜能,对于麦长管蚜的取食及控制能力高于麦二叉蚜.     

普通齿蛉幼虫的消化系统结构和取食分析

研究了普通齿蛉Neoneuromus ignobilis Navás幼虫消化系统的解剖和电镜扫描结构,并结合肠道内食物残渣的成分分析了其取食特性.结果表明,普通齿蛉幼虫消化系统较为简单,无特殊的变异,消化道细长,由前肠、中肠和后肠构成,前后肠较长,分别占体长的42%和47%,中肠最短,仅占总长度的11%.前肠由食道、嗉...     

弯齿琵甲生物学特性的研究

弯齿琵甲BlapsfemoralisFischer Waldheim在宁夏银川2年发生1代。以成虫和不同龄期的幼虫越冬,3月下旬至1 0月上旬产卵,卵期1 2～1 5d ;幼虫一般为1 1龄,幼虫期3 2 0～490d ;越冬幼虫于次年6月下旬至9月上旬化蛹,蛹前期1 2～1 8d,蛹期1 8～2 5d;羽化成虫经2 0 0～2 60d性成熟开始交配产卵。食性杂,不喜光,活动有明显的节律性。成虫具有利用防御腺进行自卫的特性,防御腺分泌物可为医学提供天然的药物。幼虫各项营养成分较高,是一种很有开发价值的资源昆虫。     

草地贪夜蛾幼虫自残捕食量分析

为了明确草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda幼虫对同类低龄幼虫的捕食作用,在实验室条件下研究了草地贪夜蛾3~6龄幼虫对不同密度2龄幼虫和4~6龄幼虫对不同密度3龄幼虫的日捕食量,同时从捕食功能的角度解析了草地贪夜蛾高龄幼虫对低龄幼虫的捕食行为;并对不同龄期幼虫进行称重比较,用不同龄期幼虫间的重量关系来替换不同龄期幼虫间的捕食量,得到不同龄期幼虫间的捕食量方程。结果表明,草地贪夜蛾3~6龄幼虫对2龄幼虫和4~6龄幼虫对3龄幼虫的捕食功能反应均符合Holling Ⅱ型功能反应类型。草地贪夜蛾3~6龄幼虫对2龄幼虫的最大捕食量分别为76.47头、85.70头、117.92头、96.05头;4~6龄幼虫对3龄幼虫的最大捕食量分别为38.83头、59.49头、58.87头。高龄幼虫对低龄幼虫的捕食量随猎物密度的增加而增加。最大理论捕食质量方程y=47.231x^0.4591,捕食者的捕食量随着猎物虫态的增大而逐渐减小。研究结果为理解草地贪夜蛾幼虫的种间自残行为规律奠定了一定的理论基础。     

桉蝙蛾幼虫实时荧光定量PCR内参基因的筛选

本研究通过筛选桉蝙蛾Endoclita signifer Walker幼虫不同龄期与不同体节中稳定表达的内参基因，为桉蝙蛾基因表达研究提供参考。通过实时荧光定量PCR技术测定5个候选内参基因（ACTIN、GAPDH、TUB、RIB、EF）在桉蝙蛾幼虫不同龄期（3龄、5龄、9龄、12龄）与不同体节（头部、胸部、腹部）及全样品（由所有样品组成）处理中的表达量，后利用GeNorm、NormFinder、BestKeeper对5个候选基因的稳定性进行评估，最后由RefFinder综合分析结果，选出最佳的内参基因。基于4种分析方法的评估可知，桉蝙蛾5龄和9龄幼虫的不同体节、不同龄期幼虫的头部和胸部中内参基因的最佳数目为2，而3龄和12龄幼虫的不同体节、不同龄期幼虫的腹部及全样本中内参基因的最佳数目为3。3龄、5龄、9龄和12龄幼虫的不同体节中可分别选择ACTIN+RIB+GAPDH、EF+RIB、GAPDH+EF和ACTIN+RIB+GAPDH作为最稳定的内参基因组合；EF+RIB、RIB+GAPDH和EF+GAPDH+ACTIN可分别作为不同龄期幼虫头部、胸部和腹部的最佳内参基因组合；综合考虑桉蝙蛾幼虫不同龄期与不同体节的影响时，可选择RIB、ACTIN和GAPDH作为内参基因。     

Swimming Behaviour of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chironomus acerbiphilus</Emphasis> Larvae in Lake Katanuma

We conducted a seasonal survey of the swimming behaviour of Chironomus acerbiphilus larvae in volcanic Lake Katanuma from April 1998 to December 2001. Swimming C. acerbiphilus density was much higher than other chironomid species in lakes. All C. acerbiphilus larvae (1st through 4th instars) swam, but the earlier instars (especially the 1st) had the greatest densities and fluctuations. First instars were never found in the benthic population. This result indicates that the 1st-instar larvae are planktonic. Low water temperature (below about 10 °C) resulted in the seasonal disappearance of swimming chironomid larvae. Chemical factors – oxygen depletion or presence of hydrogen sulfide – also restricted the distribution of swimming and benthic larvae. Larvae were distributed only in the oxygen-rich part of the lake bottom and swam only in the oxygen-rich layer of the water column. The density of older swimming C. acerbiphilus (3rd and 4th instars) tended to increase with increasing benthic larval densities. The chemical stress of oxygen depletion or presence of hydrogen sulfide during holomixis within and after the stratification period leads to conspicuous swimming behaviour of benthic C. acerbiphilus larvae. Almost all C. acerbiphilus larvae died on this occasion.     

Swimming kinematics and wake elements in a worm-like insect: the larva of the midge Chironomus plumosus (Diptera)

The kinematics and hydrodynamics of swimming chironomid larvae were investigated with the aid of videography and dye streamers used to visualize near-body flow. Chironomids employ a characteristic 'figure-of-eight' swimming technique based on high-amplitude side-to-side bending of the body. These scissor-like movements produce relatively slow (two body lengths (BL) s⁻¹) forward motion but also serve to support the weight of the insect against its own negative buoyancy. The main wake element identified by the present technique consisted of a discrete ring vortex with an external diameter of c. 0.3 BL which was shed to the rear of the body towards the end of each half-stroke. During level swimming, the jet of the vortex was directed 10° below the horizontal plane indicating that it was mainly providing thrust. An additional, but poorly defined, flow was associated with the rapid downwards motion of the head at the start of each half-stroke and it is proposed that this contributes to the vertical force needed to support the weight of the body during swimming.     

Difference in nutrient accumulation patterns between diapause-destined and non-diapause-destined larvae of Hyphantria cunea

Nutrient accumulation is crucial in insect diapause preparation because insufficient nutrient accumulation can shorten the diapause period, interfere with diapause development completion, and decrease the probability of surviving the overwintering period. The amounts of lipids and carbohydrates stored in diapausing pupae of Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae) are greater than those in the non-diapausing pupae. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that diapause-destined (DD) and non-diapause-destined (NDD) larvae of H. cunea have different nutrient accumulation patterns in penultimate and final instars. The body mass, as well as lipid, carbohydrate, and soluble protein contents, and the efficiency of converting digested food and ingested food into body matter were greater in the DD penultimate and final instars than in the NDD penultimate and final instars. Larger amounts of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins were absorbed by DD penultimate and final instars and the final instar development period in the DD larvae was prolonged relative to NDD larvae. The activities of fatty acid synthase and glycogen synthase of DD penultimate and final instars were significantly higher than those of NDD larvae. These results suggest that the changes in nutrient accumulation patterns between DD and NDD larvae occur in penultimate and final instars, and that the DD larvae increase their nutrient accumulation during diapause preparation by the combined effect of extending their final-instar development period and improving their digestive efficiency; they increase their lipid and carbohydrate stores by increasing the activities of fatty acid synthase and glycogen synthase in the fat body.     

大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂和防御信号物质对斜纹夜蛾幼虫保护酶的影响

以广食性害虫斜纹夜蛾为研究对象,连续6代自二龄或三龄开始用含有大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂(soybean trypsin inhibitor,SBTI)的人工饲料喂养幼虫,饲养至五龄时测定SBTI对幼虫保护酶的影响。结果表明,SBTI抑制斜纹夜蛾幼虫SOD、CAT活性,随着饲养代数的增加,SBTI的抑制效果降低;SBTI可显著升高斜纹夜蛾幼虫POD活性。预先接触外源植物防御信号物质茉莉酸甲酯和水杨酸甲酯48h均可显著影响斜纹夜蛾幼虫体内保护酶SOD、POD、CAT活性,且可显著减缓SBTI对斜纹夜蛾幼虫SOD、POD、CAT活性的作用效果。表明,斜纹夜蛾取食SBTI后能够调节自身的保护酶系统,逐步适应蛋白酶抑制剂的毒害,而预先接触植物防御信号物质可增强其对植物防御蛋白的适应能力。     

Effects of temperature on larval fish swimming performance: the importance of physics to physiology

Temperature influences both the physiology offish larvae and the physics of the flow conditions under which they swim. For small larvae in low Reynolds number (Re) hydrodynamic environments dominated by frictional drag, temperature‐induced changes in the physics of water flow have the greatest effect on swimming performance. For larger larvae, in higher Re environments, temperature‐induced changes in physiology become more important as larvae swim faster and changes in swimming patterns and mechanics occur. Physiological rates at different temperatures have been quantified using Q₁₀s with the assumption that temperature only affected physiological variables. Consequently, Q₁₀s that did not consider temperature‐induced changes in viscosity overestimated the effect of temperature on physiology by 58% and 56% in cold‐water herring and cod larvae respectively. In contrast, in warm‐water Danube bleak larvae, Q₁₀s overestimated temperature‐induced effects on physiology by only 5–7%. This may be because in warm water, temperature‐induced changes affect viscosity to a smaller degree than in cold water. Temperature also affects muscle contractility and efficiency and at high swimming velocities, efficiency decreases more rapidly in cold‐exposed than in warm‐exposed muscle fibres. Further experiments are needed to determine whether temperature acts differently on swimming metabolism in different thermal environments. While hydrodynamic factors appear to be very important to larval fish swimming performance in cold water, they appear to lose importance in warm water where temperature effects on physiology dominate. This may suggest that major differences exist among locomotory capacities of larval fish that inhabit cold, temperate waters compared to those that live in warm tropical waters. It is possible that fish larvae may have developed strategies that affect dispersal and recruitment in different aquatic habitats in order to cope not only with temperature‐induced physiological challenges, but physical challenges as well.     

Postembryonic development in Diaphanosoma brachyurum (Lievin, 1848) (Crustacea: Ctenopoda: Sididae)

Postembryonic females and males Diaphanosoma brachyurum from Lake Glubokoe (Moscow) have 3–4 and 3 juvenile instars, respectively. Females and males of the first three postembryonic instars can be identified by the different number of setae and setal rudiments on the proximal and distal segments of the exopodite of the swimming antennae: 3 + 7; (i + 3) + 7; 4 + (i + 7), respectively (i = rudiment of seta). The subsequent instars have 4 + 8 long plumose setae on these segments, but the fourth instar has the proximal lateral seta of the distal exopod segment slightly shorter and thinner than the others. The antennules and copulatory appendages of males are instar-specific. Diaphanosomas show small increments in body length during the postembryonic molts. The largest increments (about 115 m) occur during the first or second molts. The allometric equation of Huxley (1924) was used for a comparison of the relative growth rate of different body parts. In the middle of summer, the head and swimming antennae with the body and the antennal exopodite with the antennal basipodite grow in isometry. At the same time, the branches of the swimming antennae and their setae show allometric growth: the exopodite and distal setae grow faster than the endopodite and the lateral setae, respectively.     

Endophyte infection in perennial ryegrass reduces the susceptibility of black cutworm to an entomopathogenic nematode

Abstract The perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne, forms a symbiotic relationship with Neotyphodium lolii, a fungus that produces alkaloids. This relationship provides a competitive advantage to the host plant in grassland communities by increasing drought tolerance, and disease and herbivore resistance. Black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon, is among the few insect species that are able to feed and develop on endophytic perennial ryegrass. Some insects can use plant secondary compounds to defend themselves against predators, therefore we hypothesized that the cutworms fed on endophytic grasses would exhibit greater defense against a lethal endoparasitic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae. Laboratory experiments involving 4–5th instars support the hypothesis that A. ipsilon feeding on grass clippings from field plots with high (> 90%) incidence of endophyte infected perennial ryegrass are less susceptible to entomopathogenic nematodes than larvae fed grass clippings from plants with little or no incidence of endophyte. Laboratory studies resulted in similar overall mortality after 48 h. Field studies, however, show decreased susceptibility to S. carpocapsae when larvae were confined to areas of endophytic grass (> 75% infected). Early instars (2–3rd) fed on endophyte free grass suffered greater overall mortality at all nematode concentrations than 4–5th instars fed similarly. Early (2–3rd) instars were equally susceptible to nematode attack regardless of food source. Our results indicate that the fungal endosymbionts of grasses can influence the biology of natural enemies of an herbivorous insect.     

Pre- and postharvest effects of lufenuron on Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

First-, third-, and fifth-instar Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) were exposed to a range of lufenuron concentrations (0-200 ppm) incorporated into synthetic diet and their subsequent development and mortality responses were determined. For all instars the greatest change in mortality response occurred over lufenuron concentrations < or = 3 ppm. However, third and fifth instars displayed an increase in mortality earlier than first instars, and were more sensitive to the lower lufenuron concentrations in this range. Only first and third instars subjected to < or = 2.5 ppm lufenuron survived the 26-d exposure trial. No larvae first exposed to lufenuron as first or third instars survived to pupation if ingesting concentrations of > or = 1 and > or = 3 ppm, respectively. Consumption of lower lufenuron concentrations by these larvae delayed pupation and resulted in pupal deformity. In contrast, fifth instars subjected to 100 ppm were capable of surviving the 26-d trial period and displayed a slower progressive reduction in survival to pupation with increase in lufenuron concentration. Also in contrast to more immature stages, fifth instars exposed to lufenuron developed more rapidly to pupation than larvae not exposed to the insect growth regulator (IGR), and all resulting pupae were normal. Third instars were exposed to sublethal lufenuron concentrations (0-3 ppm) for 4 d and the fourth-instar survivors subjected to a controlled atmosphere cold storage treatment (2% O2, 2% CO2, 0.6 degree C). Larvae ingesting diet containing 0.5 ppm (and to a lesser extent 1 ppm) lufenuron required longer exposure to the postharvest treatment to achieve > or = 95% mortality than larvae not ingesting the IGR. However, the analogous mortality response of larvae exposed to 3 ppm lufenuron was comparable to the control.     

Response to host plant odors and aggregation pheromone by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere

Using a servosphere (locomotion compensator), locomotory behavior of Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) larvae was measured in detail in response to pulsed and non-pulsed odors of hostplant and conspecific pheromone. Second instars showed decreased straightness of movement, and all larvae showed decreased speed, in response to potato odor. Change in straightness by 2nd instars was also significantly affected by the interaction of pheromone and pulsing treatments. Fourth instars showed increased positive anemotaxis in response to the combined hostplant and pheromone odors. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of larval behavioral responses to adult pheromone in a holometabolous insect.     

嘴壶夜蛾的形态、生活史及昼夜节律

嘴壶夜蛾Oraesia emarginata (Fabricius)是危害水果果实的重要害虫之一, 其成虫和幼虫取食不同的寄主植物, 可以作为理想的嗅觉研究模式昆虫。为了全面地了解嘴壶夜蛾的形态特性和生物学特性, 本实验通过室内饲喂和红外摄像机观察, 对嘴壶夜蛾各虫态的外部形态、 发育以及昼夜活动节律进行了系统研究。结果表明： 嘴壶夜蛾的各龄幼虫可以通过体色, 体表色斑的类型、 位置和数量, 以及腹足的数量进行区别。通过蛹的生殖孔和成虫触角能够很好地区别雌雄。在室内饲养条件下, 嘴壶夜蛾的寿命为53.18±1.70 d, 存活率为63.62%±2.15%, 其中幼虫的发育历期最长, 存活率最低, 卵的发育历期最短, 存活率最高, 雄成虫的存活时间显著长于雌成虫（P=0.008）。6龄幼虫的发育历期（5.29±0.15 d）显著长于其余各龄幼虫（P<0.001）。同一龄发育中期幼虫的体长和体重显著大于将蜕皮幼虫和刚蜕皮幼虫（P≤0.037）; 第2-6龄刚蜕皮幼虫的体重和体长与前一龄发育中期幼虫之间没有显著差异（P≥0.106）。幼虫在光期的孵化、 蜕皮和化蛹比例高于暗期, 而成虫在暗期的飞行、 产卵比例高于光期, 成虫的飞行随着暗期时间的增加而逐渐变少, 光期成虫的飞行主要在开灯之后1 h。成虫交配集中在暗期的第3-5 小时。本研究结果有助于制定有效的嘴壶夜蛾防治措施, 而且为嘴壶夜蛾作为嗅觉研究模式奠定基础。