产γ-谷氨基甲酰胺合成酶菌株的筛选及产酶条件研究

以假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.)为出发菌株,通过紫外诱变筛选得到一株γ-谷氨基甲酰胺合成酶高产菌株UV-19,其酶活提高32.54%。以突变株UV-19为供试菌株,对γ-谷氨基甲酰胺合成酶的发酵条件进行优化。首先利用Plackett-Burman设计筛选出影响较大的4个因素:葡萄糖、蛋白胨、起始pH值、装液量。在此基础上再利用CCD响应面分析法进行优化,得到最佳产酶培养条件为(g/L):葡萄糖15、蛋白胨12、NaCl 5.0、MgSO4.7H2O 0.2、K2HPO4.3H2O 0.5、甲胺盐酸盐1.0g/L、起始pH值6.5、装液量72mL/250mL。该优化条件下进行产酶培养,假单胞菌发酵产γ-谷氨基甲酰胺合成酶酶活力可达32.68U/mL。     

菊粉酶产生菌的筛选及~(60)Co诱变选育

目的:从新疆石河子盐碱地菊芋生长根际土壤中分离筛选高产菊粉酶活力菌株。方法:通过稀释平板涂布法分离微生物;利用60Co诱变选育,96孔板筛选突变菌株;采用3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法测定菊粉酶酶活。结果:分离到12株具有菊粉酶活力的菌株,复筛得到1株高产菊粉酶活力菌株,将其命名为G-60;以此菌株为出发菌株进行60Co诱变,利用96孔板对诱变菌株进行筛选,经摇瓶发酵酶活测定,得到1株高产菊粉酶酶活的突变株,酶活达46.62 U/mL,是未诱变菌株酶活的2.72倍。结论:经诱变得到1株高产菊粉酶活力的突变菌株。     

菊粉酶产生菌的筛选及60Co诱变选育简

目的：从新疆石河子盐碱地菊芋生长根际土壤中分离筛选高产菊粉酶活力菌株。方法：通过稀释平板涂布法分离微生物;利用^60Co诱变选育,96孔板筛选突变菌株;采用3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法测定菊粉酶酶活。结果：分离到12株具有菊粉酶活力的菌株,复筛得到1株高产菊粉酶活力菌株,将其命名为G-60;以此菌株为出发菌株进行^60Co诱变,利用96孔板对诱变菌株进行筛选,经摇瓶发酵酶活测定,得到1株高产菊粉酶酶活的突变株,酶活达46．62U/mL,是未诱变菌株酶活的2．72倍。结论：经诱变得到1株高产菊粉酶活力的突变菌株。     

紫外诱变选育脂肪酶高产菌株及其酶学性质的研究

目的:初步筛选脂肪酶高产菌株.方法:以 1444 粗壮假丝酵母作为出发菌株,对其进行紫外线诱变育种.结果:经紫外诱变的重复处理、摇瓶复筛和遗传稳定性实验,最终得出两株高产酶突变株 Z6 及 Z8,其酶活分别为22.6、25U/ml,酶活力较出发菌株分别提高了 120%和 150%.酶学性质研究表明:Z6、Z8的最适反应温度分别为45、50℃,最适 pH 都为8,在 pH 6～9较稳定.Z6、Z8的热稳定都较好,在50℃下保温 60min 酶基本不失活.结论:经紫外诱变获得的突变株 Z6 及 Z8 有进一步的研究价值.     

荷叶离褶伞高产漆酶菌株选育及其漆酶酶学特性

应用原生质体紫外诱变,对一株产漆酶荷叶离褶伞(Lyophyllum decastes)菌株紫外诱变,用愈创木酚马铃薯葡萄糖固体平板变色法初筛,然后用ABTS[2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐]测定漆酶活性进行复筛,获得1株漆酶高产诱变菌株HY1022-01;对HY1022-01所产漆酶粗酶液酶学特性进行研究,结果表明,HY1022-01所产漆酶最大酶活力比出发菌株提高30.32%,最适条件下酶活达991.67 U/mL,且产酶稳定;HY1022-1所产漆酶最适作用温度为35℃,在30~35℃较为稳定;最适反应pH值为3.0,pH在2.2~3.8较为稳定,ABTS的漆酶动力学常数为72.622μM。     

紫外-激光复合诱变选育天冬氨酸转氨酶高产菌株

对天冬氨酸转氨酶产生菌大肠杆菌XJ-1原生质体进行紫外-激光复合诱变筛选,结果表明,复合诱变对该菌的原生质体有明显的致死作用。以致死率和正突变率为指标,确定了紫外和He-Ne激光照射的最佳时间分别为45 s和40min。在此条件下对大肠杆菌原生质体进行紫外-激光复合诱变,得到3株高产菌株,分别命名为XJ-1-45、XJ-1-86和XJ-1-99,酶活较出发菌株XJ-1分别提高了12.82%、17.37%和26.27%。传代培养表明突变株生产性能稳定。     

ARTP诱变选育葡萄糖氧化酶高产菌株及发酵条件优化

利用常压室温等离子体诱变技术对产葡萄糖氧化酶的黑曲霉菌株进行诱变处理,通过平板筛选以及摇瓶复筛选出8株酶活较高的菌株,其中产酶活力最高的突变株为PCTC-8,酶活达到14.36 U/m L,较初始菌株的酶活提高了117.25%。然后在优化培养基的基础之上通过单因素实验对诱变菌株的发酵条件进行优化,最终确定最优的发酵条件为:接种量10%,装液量30 m L,种龄24 h,发酵时间48 h,转速225 r/min,在此条件下最高酶活可达到93.26 U/m L。     

枯草杆菌SOD高产菌株的诱变选育及产酶条件研究

本实验采用低能氮离子注入技术对枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)进行辐照诱变处理,选育出一株SOD高产菌株(编号为BsB8)。其生物量略高于出发菌株、SOD产量达3439．3U／g湿菌体,为实验出发菌的1．88倍。该菌株最佳产酶条件为：起始pH为8．2,装液量为150ml／500ml,接种量为1．5％;添加Mn^2 的培养基可显著提高SOD酶活。     

荷叶离褶伞高产漆酶菌株选育及其漆酶酶学特性北大核心CSCD

应用原生质体紫外诱变,对一株产漆酶荷叶离褶伞（Lyophyllum decastes）菌株紫外诱变,用愈创木酚马铃薯葡萄糖固体平板变色法初筛,然后用ABTS[2,2-联氮-二（3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸）二铵盐]测定漆酶活性进行复筛,获得1株漆酶高产诱变菌株HY1022-01;对HY1022-01所产漆酶粗酶液酶学特性进行研究,结果表明,HY1022-01所产漆酶最大酶活力比出发菌株提高30.32%,最适条件下酶活达991.67 U/mL,且产酶稳定;HY1022-1所产漆酶最适作用温度为35℃,在30∽35℃较为稳定;最适反应pH值为3.0,pH在2.2∽3.8较为稳定,ABTS的漆酶动力学常数为72.622μM。     

β-葡聚糖酶和木聚糖酶高产菌株的选育及在小麦加工中的应用

以Aspergillus nigerJ5为出发菌株,经Co60γ-射线诱变,筛选到一株β-葡聚糖酶和木聚糖酶活力都较出发菌株高的突变株A-25,其产β-葡聚糖酶和木聚糖酶的合适发酵条件为:大麦粉4%、玉米浆2.5%、NaNO30.4%、Na2HPO40.1%、MgSO4.7H2O0.03%、FeSO4.7H2O0.01%、CaCO30.5%、吐温-800.25%,初始pH6.7,300mL三角瓶的装液量为50mL,在此条件下培养84h,β-葡聚糖酶活力达到1203.9I U/mL,较出发菌株提高35.9%,木聚糖酶活力达到395.2I U/mL,较出发菌株提高27.8%。突变株粗酶液降解工业面粉非淀粉多糖的能力明显高于出发菌株。     

Characteristics of a laccase over-secreting mutant of Coprinus congregatus

Abstract Coprinus congregatus has a membrane-associated laccase which is not secreted into the culture media. A mutant monokaryon has been generated by UV irradiation which shows slower radial growth than the wild-type (72.7%) but which secretes laccase. The laccase of the mutant was compared with that of wild-type by native PAGE analysis, and showed identical mobility.     

Gluconic acid production by Aspergillus niger mutant ORS-4.410 in submerged and solid state surface fermentation

Aspergillus niger ORS-4.410, a mutant of Aspergillus niger ORS-4 was produced by repeated irradiation with UV rays. Treatments with chemical mutagnes also resulted into mutant strains. The mutants differed from the parent strain morphologically and in gluconic acid production. The relationship between UV treatment dosage, conidial survival and frequency of mutation showed the maximum frequency of positive mutants (25%) was obtained along with a conidial survival of 59% after second stage of UV irradiation. Comparison of gluconic acid production of the parent and mutant ORS-4.410 strain showed a significant increase in gluconic acid production that was 87% higher than the wild type strain. ORS-4.410 strain when transferred every 15 days and monitored for gluconic acid levels for a total period of ten months appeared stable. Mutant ORS-4.410 at 12% substrate concentration resulted into significantly higher i.e. 85-87 and 94-97% yields of gluconic acid under submerged and solid state surface conditions respectively. Further increase in substrate concentration appeared inhibitory. Maximum yield of gluconic acid was obtained after 6 days under submerged condition and decreased on further cultivation. Solid state surface culture condition on the other hand resulted into higher yield after 12 days of cultivation and similar levels of yields continued thereafter.     

内切葡聚糖酶高产菌株的诱变选育

【目的】建立里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)高产突变菌株的快速筛选方法,选育出高产内切葡聚糖酶的突变株。【方法】对里氏木霉T306菌株的初筛培养基进行优化,建立快速筛选方法;通过紫外诱变手段选育内切葡聚糖酶高产突变菌株,并对突变菌株的产酶培养基进行优化。【结果】在初筛培养基中添加浓度为0.1%(W/V)的乳糖、蛋白胨及脱氧胆酸钠有利于菌株的筛选。诱变后筛选出菌落形态发生明显变化的内切葡聚糖酶高产突变株0516,其羧甲基纤维素酶活力(CMC酶)较出发菌株提高了38.9%。其产酶培养基经优化后,得到最适碳、氮源分别为:乳糖1.50%、硫酸铵0.14%、尿素0.05%、蛋白胨0.10%,优化后CMC酶活力达64.2 U/mL,较优化前提高了2.3倍。【结论】建立了里氏木霉高产突变菌株的快速筛选方法,通过紫外诱变育种获得了产内切葡聚糖酶能力高且遗传稳定的突变株0516。     

ENHANCED β-GALACTOSIDASE PRODUCTION OF Aspergillus oryzae MUTATED BY UV AND LiCl

In order to breed a high-yield β-galactosidase-producing strain, Aspergillus oryzae was used as the parent strain and mutagenized with ultraviolet (UV) and UV plus lithium chloride (LiCl), respectively. After being mutagenized by UV, the β-galactosidase activity of mutant UV-15-20 reached 114.08 U/mL, which revealed a 49.22% increase compared with the original strain. A mutant UV-LiCl-38 with high β-galactosidase activity (121.42U/mL) was obtained after compound mutagenesis of UV and LiCl; the β-galactosidase activity of this mutant was 58.82% higher than that of the parent strain. Subculture testing indicated that UV-15-20 and UV-LiCl-38 had good hereditary stability and may be ideal strains for the production of β-galactosidase. Additionally, it was demonstrated that compound mutagenesis with UV and LiCl is an effective mutation method for breeding industrially interesting strains.     

UV与NTG复合诱变选育咪唑立宾高产菌

为选育咪唑立宾的高产菌株,对咪唑立宾产生菌Eupenicillum sp.E-0509-2的孢子分别进行了紫外线照射(UV)、亚硝基胍(NTG)和UV+NTG复合诱变处理筛选突变株。结果表明试验所确定的咪唑立宾产生菌的孢子诱变适宜条件为:将孢子悬液在电磁搅拌下,经紫外线照射处理60s后,以3.0g/L NTG处理20min。经发酵筛选试验,获得了一株遗传性状稳定、高产咪唑立宾的诱变菌株Eupenicillum sp.E-UN41,其咪唑立宾产量较出发菌株提高13倍。     

Influence of growth phase on UV induced lethality and DNA breakdown in a Kornberg polymerase deficient resA strain of Escherichia coli

Summary A stationary phase culture of the Kornberg polymerase deficient resA strain R15 was more sensitive to UV irradiation than a growing culture. The dose reduction factor was 2–2.5. UV induced DNA breakdown was also greater in a stationary culture than in a growing culture. The relationship between lethality and DNA breakdown was not quantitative. On the basis of these results we suggest that in this DNA polymerase deficient mutant the repolymerisation step of excision repair may take place at or after DNA replication. Survival and DNA breakdown after UV would then depend in a complex way on the resultant of the rates of excision, nuclease activity and DNA replication.     

紫外线和60Co-γ联合诱变褐色高温单孢菌及产酶特性研究

本研究以褐色高温单孢菌(Thermomonospora fusca)为出发菌株,通过紫外线和60Co-γ射线联合诱变,获得了一株纤维素酶高产菌株AV8,CMC酶活力达到0.679 IU/mL,与出发菌株相比,其产酶能力提高3.53倍。通过对AV8产纤维素酶的培养条件进行测定,结果显示:产纤维素酶最适应温度为55℃;该菌的最适产CMC酶初始PH值为7.0,最适产FPA酶初始PH值为8.0;当培养到第7天时,产CMC酶达到高峰。当培养到第8天时产FPA酶达到高峰。     

原生质体紫外诱变选育竹红菌甲素高产菌株

采用原生质体紫外诱变技术选育竹红菌甲素高产菌株。结果表明:以竹黄菌Shiraia sp.S8为出发菌株,当使用混合酶系(5 mg/mL纤维素酶和10 mg/mL蜗牛酶)在30℃处理菌丝2 h,获得菌丝原生质体3.24×106个/mL。以竹黄菌原生质体在距离15 W紫外灯30 cm处照射诱导,获得诱变菌株C6。其竹红菌甲素产量达到28.1 mg/L,比原始出发菌株提高了53.7%,且遗传稳定,具有较高的医药与工业应用价值。     

高产耐热脂肪酶嗜热脂肪地芽孢杆菌的选育

采用氮离子注入技术对耐热脂肪酶产生菌嗜热脂肪地芽孢杆菌（Geobacillus stearothermophilus）L4进行诱变,筛选获得酶活力有较大提高且传代稳定的正突变菌株L4-3;再对L4-3进行紫外线诱变,得到脂肪酶活力提高的正突变菌株L4-3-2,其脂肪酶活力达25．71U／mL,较原始菌株M提高511．9％。高产突变株L4-3-2所产脂肪酶的最适作用温度为50℃,70℃保温60min的剩余酶活为82％,最适作用pH为7．0～8．0,为一种耐热碱性脂肪酶。     

漆酶高产菌株的诱变选育及其产酶条件

以粗毛栓菌Trametesgallica为出发菌,通过紫外诱变处理其担孢子、PDA-RBBR平板变色法初筛、ABTS法测定培养液漆酶酶活力复筛,获得1株漆酶高产诱变菌株SAH-12。用高氮低碳无机盐培养液(LM3)培养时,其峰值酶活力比出发菌株高出4倍,达到5002.6U/L,且产酶稳定。对SAH-12液体培养产酶条件的研究表明:以纤维二糖和蔗糖为碳源明显优于麦麸、淀粉和葡萄糖,其最高酶活分别达18526U/L和13436U/L;有机氮源较无机氮源更有利于SAH-12漆酶的分泌,以蛋白胨、大豆粕和胰化蛋白胨为氮源时其峰值酶活分别达到20544U/L、19671U/L和16180U/L;适宜初始培养pH为4.0;ABTS、单宁酸、没食子酸对产酶均有明显的诱导作用,其中ABTS和单宁酸的诱导效果相对更好,愈创木酚和吐温80对产酶有一定的抑制作用。