微束激光转基因技术研究进展

本文叙述了激光微速穿刺法导入外源ＤＮＡ的基本原理及其有关影响因素等。利用该转化方法,现已成功地获得了多种动植物细胞外源基因的转化。实验证明,激光微束穿刺转化技术简便有效、重复性好、靶体选择性强,对靶体无损伤等优点。随着转化技术自动化水平的提高。光镊技术的渗透和结合,激光微束转化技术将会得到更广泛的应用     

利用微束激光穿刺法将抗真菌基因导入棉花的研究初报

以棉花感受态萌动种胚作为外源基因转化的受体,用激光微束穿刺法将β-1,3-葡聚糖酶及几丁质酶双价基因导入棉花,所构建的植物表达载体pB IBGC携带有筛选标记npt-Ⅱ(新霉素磷酸转移酶)基因。激光转化处理的种胚经卡那霉素筛选,已经获得抗性小植株。研究了微束激光转化法用于棉花感受态萌动胚转化预培养的时间、高渗液对材料的处理等。研究表明:用微束激光转化处理种胚是一种操作简便、重复性好的转化方法,用该法可将外源基因导入植物感受态萌动胚,避开植株离体再生的困难。     

多波长,紫外激光微束系统的研究及其应用展望

本广简介了我们研制成功的两种激光微束系统的设计特点,文中并综述了激光微束技术的应用前景。     

用激光微束法将外源基因导人水稻细胞的研究

将外源基因导入植物细胞是植物基因工程的关键步骤之一。用激光微束技术转化动物细胞已经取得了成功,并证明外源基因已整合到细胞染色体上。最近又证明激光微束可穿透植物细胞壁和细胞膜,将pBR322DNA导入植物细胞和细胞器。本实验在利用激光微束技术将外源基因导入水稻培养细胞上进行了探索。 所用外源DNA是pBI121质粒,该质粒带有CaMV35启动子和β-葡萄糖苷酸酶(GUS)基因,用     

激光微束在遗传操作上的应用

本文概述了近年来激光微束在染色体微切割和微分离、分子细胞生物学、去除细胞壁、诱导原生质体融合等方面的应用,并对其今后的应用前景作了展望。     

发刊词

当代,科学技术迅猛发展,呈现出既高度分化又高度综合的特点。一大批新兴学科相继涌现,激光生物学正是在这个大潮中形成和发展起来的边缘学科。它是激光技术向生物学渗透,是激光医学、激光育种等应用学科的基础。它一经诞生,就得到了广泛的应用。目前,国内外利用激光研究生命物质运动,已进入细胞水平和分子水平,用激光微束技术实现了切割染色体、核仁组织者的定位、遗传缺失和动物卵细胞融合,诱发微核仁形成;用激光微束技术将外源基因导入小麦和水稻细胞以及向蚕卵细胞注入外源基因等方面都取得了进展。可以预见在生物工程技术领域中将会逐渐形成一个新的分支——激光生物工程,它的作用将与酶工程媲美。     

将抗真菌病基因导入马铃薯的研究

实验采用微束激光穿刺技术和农杆菌介导方法,将携带有Ⅰ型烟草β－１,３－葡聚糖酶基因和Ⅰ型菜豆几丁质酶基因的ｐＢＬＧＣ质粒导入马铃薯（Ｓｏｌａｎｕｍ ｔｕｂｅｒｏｓｕｍ Ｌ．）品种“津引８号”。微束激光穿刺技术转化中,获得了７株卡那霉素抗性再生苗,分子检测证明,其中有１株为菜豆几丁质酶基因单基因转化植株。在农杆菌介导方法中得到了１３株卡那霉素抗性再生苗,其中有３株为烟草β－１,３－葡聚糖酶基因单基因     

激光共聚焦显微镜在微痕定量分析中的应用综述

微痕分析是石器、骨器、牙齿等工艺、功能研究的常用方法,但无论是高倍还是低倍等常用方法,受限于体式光学显微镜、扫描电镜等观察方法,微痕分析通常很难进行原位定量分析,因此微痕分析的定量化是目前学术界遇到的主要问题。近年来随着激光共聚焦显微镜（LSCM）在微痕分析中的应用,微痕定量化在西方学术界得到了新的实践和进展。本文主要介绍激光共聚焦显微镜的原理及其在微痕分析中的应用案例,以期促进微痕分析在中国的进一步发展。     

小麦转基因方法及其评述

小麦是遗传转化比较困难的作物之一。为了克服小麦基因工程育种和功能基因组学研究的障碍,人们分别尝试利用基因枪、花粉管通道、超声波、离子束注入、激光微束穿刺、PEG(Polyethylene glycol)、电击和农杆菌等方法转化小麦,涉及的受体材料包括幼胚、成熟胚、花药愈伤组织、幼穗、芽尖和花器官。文章对小麦主要遗传转化方法及其应用进行了介绍、回顾和评述,分析、比较了获得安全型转基因小麦的几种策略,以期增强读者对小麦转基因技术和进展的了解,促进小麦转化技术的持续改进和提高。     

微生物转化在医药工业中的应用

微生物转化与医药工业间的关系密切,微生物转化技术在医药工业中的应用具有明显优势。近年来,随着微生物转化技术的不断发展,将微生物转化技术应用于医药工业已逐渐成为医药工业的发展趋势。本文主要介绍微生物转化技术的概念、特点及方法,并对微生物转化在医药工业中的主要应用方面进行深入阐述,使人们更好地认识到微生物转化的重要性。     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

为《Flora of China》提供的伞形科新资料

在为编写《Flora of China》伞形科而进行的修订工作中,提出了11个新组合,即矮小丝瓣芹Acronema minus (M. F. Watson) M. F. Watson & Z. H. Pan, 短柄丝瓣芹A. brevipedicellatum Z. H. Pan & M. F. Watson, 川西当归Angelica sinensis var. wilsonii (H. Wolff) Z. H. Pan & M. F. Watson, 云南细裂芹Harrysmithia franchetii (M. Hiroe) M. L. Sheh, 钝叶独活Heracleum candicans var. obtusifolium (Wall. ex DC.) F. T. Pu & M. F. Watson, 中华天胡荽Hydrocotyle hookeri ssp. chinensis (Dunn ex R. H. Shan & S. L. Liou) M. F. Watson & M. L. Sheh, 普渡天胡荽H. hookeri ssp. handelii (H. Wolff) M. F. Watson & M. L. Sheh, 锐棱岩风Libanotis grubovii (V. M. Vinogradova) M. L. Sheh & M. F. Watson, 美脉藁本Ligusticum likiangense (H. Wolff) F. T. Pu & M. F. Watson和线叶藁本L. nematophyllum (Pimenov & Kljuykov) F. T. Pu & M. F. Watson, 无管藁本L. nullivittatum (K. T. Fu) F. T. Pu & M. F. Watson和二色棱子芹Pleurospermum bicolor (Franch.) C. Norman ex Z. H. Pan & M. F. Watson.; 发现了1个新种,即短柄丝瓣芹。此外,还为Pleurospermum govanianum var. bicolor Franch.指定了后选模式。     

Continued antigenic variation of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in laying hens in China, 2020–2021

Highlights
1. 13 strains of H7N9 viruses from laying hens in 2020 and 2021 were identified.
2. H7N9 viruses in China comprised at least 11 genotypes.
3. H7N9 viruses are high pathogenic in chickens, not in ducks.
4. The most H7N9 viruses cross-reacted poorly with H7-Re3 antiserum.
5. The H7-Re3 vaccine was unable to prevent H7N9 infection.     

Entomopathogenic Nematode Infectivity Assay: Comparison of Penetration Rate into Different Hosts

Penetration rate (the percentage of the initial infective juvenile inoculum that invades an insect host) was tested as an indicator of entomopathogenic nematode infectivity. Several host-parasite-substrate combinations were evaluated for penetration rate. Four steinernematids, Steinernema carpocapsae, S. glaseri, S. feltiae, S. riobravis and two strains of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora were tested in a contact bioassay against the wax moth, Galleria mellonella, the yellow meal worm, Tenebrio molitor, the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon, and the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis. The insect larvae were confined individually in sand and filter paper arenas and exposed to 200 infective juveniles. After incubation, dead insects were dissected in order to count the nematodes penetrated. The data were analyzed for the effects of nematode strain and substrate on penetration rate. The bioassay substrate had a variable effect depending on the insect species. The nematode effect was highly significant for all insects tested. The penetration rate therefore allowed comparisons among nematode strains invading a host. Nematode ranking for infectivity differed according to the insect tested.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

The Role of Parasitoids and Entomopathogenic Fungi in Mortality of Third-instar and Adult Ceroplastes destructor and C. sinensis (Hemiptera: Coccidae: Ceroplastinae) on Citrus in New Zealand

The incidence of parasitism and disease in third-instar and adult Ceroplastes destructor Newstead and C. sinensis Del Guercio (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on citrus in Northland, New Zealand, was measured from 1991-1994. Both species were parasitized by female Euxanthellus philippiae Silvestri (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Female E. philippiae were hyper-parasitized by males of their own species and by Coccidoctonus dubius Girault (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Male E. philippiae were also tertiary parasitoids of C. dubius. E. philippiae was found in third-instar and adult C. sinensis , but was virtually restricted to third-instar C. destructor . Parasitoid phenology varied according to the instar and species of the host. Two fungal pathogens, Verticillium lecanii (Zimmermann) Viegas and Fusarium spp., were identified from both C. destructor and C. sinensis . Disease was a greater mortality factor than parasitism in C. destructor , whereas the opposite applied to those C. sinensis for which the cause of death could be identified. Disease levels were underestimated, particularly in C. destructor. Mortality from parasitism and disease did not act in a density-dependent manner.     

Description d'une nouvelle espèce et analyse morpho-fonctionnelle du genre Doryaspis White (Heterostraci) du Dévonien du Spitsberg

Doryaspis groenhorgensis nov. sp. is a new pteraspidiform from the lower devonian of Spitsbergen. The genus Doryaspis is now considered as the most abundant pteraspidiform of the Wood Bay formation, with five described species. Moreover, the pteraspidiform diversity of this formation has been under rated all along the XXth century. A morpho-functional analysis of the Doryaspis generic characters (e.g. flat dorsal shield, ventral pseudorostrum, long cornual plates) allows to consider two possible mode of life. However, none of the pelagic or benthic mode of life is better supported than the other. The same analysis introduce some interpretative hypothesis on histology and moving of the Pteraspidiformes. The Pteraspidiformes diversity of Spitsbergen is important for further Devonian circum-arctic comparisons (e.g. siberian platform).     

Allozyme relationships among ten species of Rhodniini, showing paraphyly of Rhodnius including Psammolestes

Genetic relationships among 10 species of bugs belonging to the tribe Rhodniini (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), including some important vectors of Chagas disease, were inferred from allozyme analysis of 12 enzyme loci (out of 21 enzyme systems examined), using agarose gel electrophoresis. These species formed two clusters: one comprising Rhodnius brethesi, R. ecuadoriensis, R. pallescens and R. pictipes; the other with Psammolestes tertius, Rhodnius domesticus and the Rhodnius prolixus group comprising R. nasutus, R. neglectus, R. prolixus and R. robustus. The resulting tree was [((R. ecuadoriensis, R. pallescens) R. brethesi) R. pictipes], [R. domesticus (P. tertius [(R. nasutus, R. neglectus) (R. prolixus, R. robustus)])]. Rhodnius nasutus and R. neglectus differed by only one locus, whereas no diagnostic loci were detected between R. prolixus and R. robustus (22 loci were analysed for these four species), despite considerable DNA sequence divergence between species in each of these pairs. Allozymes of the R. prolixus group showed greater similarity with Psammolestes tertius than with other Rhodnius spp., indicating that Rhodnius is paraphyletic and might include Psammolestes.     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.