染色体显微切割技术及其在植物中的应用研究进展

染色体微切割与微克隆技术首先在动物和人类上得到应用,随着PCR技术的发展,该技术在植物遗传与进化研究等方面也得到了较为广泛应用。本文就植物染色体显微切割和微克隆技术的原理、主要操作规程以及在植物中应用的研究现状、存在问题进行了综述。     

染色体微切割、微克隆技术及其研究进展

本文综述了染色体显微切割与微克隆技术的原理、方法、应用及研究进展,尤其对几种染色体显微切割的方法、染色体的体外扩增技术ＤＯＰ－ＰＣＲ、ＬＡ－ＰＣＲ等进行了比较分析。对染色体微切割、微克隆技术研究中存在的问题和应用前景进行了初步探讨。     

昆虫的微孢子虫病

介绍了昆虫微孢子虫病的病理学、传播途径、寄主特异性、病害管理以及利用昆虫微孢子虫作为生物杀虫剂的应用等方面的研究进展 ,以期为益虫微孢子虫病害的防治和昆虫微孢子虫杀虫剂的研制提参考。     

微生态制剂的临床合理应用

微生态制剂在临床上的应用日益广泛,由于微生态制剂的特殊性、微生态制剂品种繁多,给临床上合理选用微生态制剂带来一定困难。为了保证疗效,总结了合理应用时的一些注意事项。     

染色体微分离和微克隆技术

染色体微分离和微克隆技术是将细胞遗传学和分子遗传学二紧密结合的一项技术,目前已广泛应用于遗传学、医学等研究领域,具有广阔的应用前景。本综述了该技术发展过程中所应用的不同方法,详细介绍了各种方法的步骤及其优缺点,最后探讨了该技术的应用及展望。     

空化微流体在生物医学方面的应用

空化效应是发生在液体内部的一种极其复杂的流体物理现象,能产生极高的中心能量密度,并伴随发光、发热、冲击波、高速射流等极端物理现象,它的存在能使一些极端的反应得以实现。空化效应发生时形成的空化微流体在破坏细胞形貌、微操控、微混合等方面有广泛地应用。本文综述了空化微流体及其产生的强烈冲击波在生物医学方面的应用,包含空化微流体在破坏细胞形貌、微小元件的操控以及加快液体混合等三个方面。     

动物微生态制剂研究应用进展

动物微生态制剂是在动物微生态理论指导下,采用已知有益的微生物所制成的生物制品或活菌制剂。综述了动物微生态制剂的产生起源、益生菌和微生态制剂的概念、微生态制剂所用菌株、作用机制、国内外应用现状及发展前景。     

在医学教育中继续加强微生态学教学改革的思考

微生态学是研究正常微生物群与其宿主相互关系的生命科学分支,是细胞水平或分子水平的生态学。微生态学是一门理论与实践密切相结合的新兴学科。微生态学理论来源于实践,又回归于实践,并指导实践。在欧美国家、日本,微生态学技术及微生态制剂得到了广泛应用。在医学方面,近年来国内用于治疗预防、保健的微生态制剂也有了迅猛的发展。首先应用在肠道病的生态防治,并取得了良好的效果。在口腔,泌尿生殖道、皮肤及呼吸道已相继应用微生态学理论和微生态调节剂,对各种疾病进行诊断,治疗和预防。     

磁性微球的制备及在生物分离应用中的研究进展

磁性微球是一类新型的功能材料,雀生物医学工程、细胞生物学和环境工程具有广泛的应用。本文从磁性微球的结构、特性和制备方法进行了探讨,并详细介绍了磁性微球在细胞分离、蛋白质以及核酸的制备纯化领域中的应用。     

微生态制剂研究进展

微生态制剂无副作用、无残留、不产生抗性,是理想的抗生素替代品,有着广泛的应用前景。本文综述了国内外近几年微生态制剂的研究现状和开发情况,分析了微生态制剂研究热点及存在的问题,探讨了微生态制剂的发展前景。     

Plant molecular and cellular laser microsurgery

The u.v. laser microbeam has facilitated new approaches to the genetic manipulation of plant cells. Under visual control, a focused laser microbeam is able to perforate a plant cell wall, thus facilitating the uptake of genes into target cells, induce protoplast fusion selectively and precisely destroy cells or specific subcellular structures in a single living cell. In addition, by expanding these applications to micro-dissection of chromosomes, microsurgery combined with an optical trap inside cells and patch-clamp studies, will open new genetic, biophysical and cell-specific wall development aspects in cell and molecular biology.     

激光微束与光钳系统及其在生物学中的应用

本文从激光的生物效应出发,简要阐述了激光微束与光钳系统的出现历程及其装置构造,系统分析了其作用原理,并介绍了其作为一新技术,在外源基因导入,体外辅助受精,细菌融合和显微操作染色体与生物大分子等方面的应用状况,同时对其应用前景作一展望。     

激光微束技术及其在基因转移研究中的应用

本文中介绍了我们设计和安装的一套激光微束系统,该系统分为二部份:激光源和显微镜.工作波长355nm是由电子调Q Nd:YAG激光经KDP倍频和混频后得到的.这束光从显微镜的左边引入45°反射,再经×100物镜聚焦.光束直径小于1μ.这束激光可给细胞打孔,约在1秒内小孔自行修复,在修复之前荧光物质和质粒可以扩散进细胞.我们成功地把GUS基因导入烟草花粉细胞中并得到瞬间表述,还把DAPI-λDNA导入M85胃癌细胞必观察到兰色荧光.从本工作初步表明这种导入方法很有发展前途.     

Laser induced cell fusion in combination with optical tweezers: the laser cell fusion trap.

A single-beam gradient force optical trap was combined with a pulsed UV laser microbeam in order to perform laser induced cell fusion. This combination offers the possibility to selectively fuse two single cells without critical chemical or electrical treatment. The optical trap was created by directing a Nd:YAG laser, at a wavelength of 1.06 microns, into a microscope and focusing the laser beam with a high numerical aperture objective. The UV laser microbeam, produced by a nitrogen-pumped dye laser (366 nm), was collinear with the trapping beam. Once inside the trap, two cells could be fused with several pulses of the UV laser microbeam, attenuated to an energy of approximately 1 microJ/pulse in the object plane. This method of laser induced cell fusion should provide increased selectivity and efficiency in generating viable hybrid cells.     

激光微束在植物外源基因转化上的应用

本文概述了近年来激光微束在植物外源基因转化上的最新进展,激光微束转化法的关键技术及应用。并对其今后的应用前景作了展望。     

光钳及其在生物学中的应用

本文综述了光钳的原理及其在细胞生物学、免疫学及分子遗传学中的应用。将光钳和激光微束系统联合使用可以进行显微操作。其特点是操作简便,无机械接触並且绝对无菌。光钳和微束系统可用来切割染色体,收集染色体片段,融合细胞以及改变细胞和细胞器的行为。     

Hydrodynamic Determinants of Cell Necrosis and Molecular Delivery Produced by Pulsed Laser Microbeam Irradiation of Adherent Cells

Time-resolved imaging, fluorescence microscopy, and hydrodynamic modeling were used to examine cell lysis and molecular delivery produced by picosecond and nanosecond pulsed laser microbeam irradiation in adherent cell cultures. Pulsed laser microbeam radiation at λ = 532 nm was delivered to confluent monolayers of PtK₂ cells via a 40×, 0.8 NA microscope objective. Using laser microbeam pulse durations of 180–1100 ps and pulse energies of 0.5–10.5 μJ, we examined the resulting plasma formation and cavitation bubble dynamics that lead to laser-induced cell lysis, necrosis, and molecular delivery. The cavitation bubble dynamics are imaged at times of 0.5 ns to 50 μs after the pulsed laser microbeam irradiation, and fluorescence assays assess the resulting cell viability and molecular delivery of 3 kDa dextran molecules. Reductions in both the threshold laser microbeam pulse energy for plasma formation and the cavitation bubble energy are observed with decreasing pulse duration. These energy reductions provide for increased precision of laser-based cellular manipulation including cell lysis, cell necrosis, and molecular delivery. Hydrodynamic analysis reveals critical values for the shear-stress impulse generated by the cavitation bubble dynamics governs the location and spatial extent of cell necrosis and molecular delivery independent of pulse duration and pulse energy. Specifically, cellular exposure to a shear-stress impulse J?0.1 Pa s ensures cell lysis or necrosis, whereas exposures in the range of 0.035?J?0.1 Pa s preserve cell viability while also enabling molecular delivery of 3 kDa dextran. Exposure to shear-stress impulses of J?0.035 Pa s leaves the cells unaffected. Hydrodynamic analysis of these data, combined with data from studies of 6 ns microbeam irradiation, demonstrates the primacy of shear-stress impulse in determining cellular outcome resulting from pulsed laser microbeam irradiation spanning a nearly two-orders-of-magnitude range of pulse energy and pulse duration. These results provide a mechanistic foundation and design strategy applicable to a broad range of laser-based cellular manipulation procedures.     

激光诱导金盏菊原生质体融合方法初探

本文简述运用激光微束诱导金盏菊(Calendula Officinali L.)叶肉细胞原生质体融合的方法和初步结果,并就激光诱导植物原生质体融合的条件进行初步讨论。     

激光微束在两种鱼受精卵上打孔技术研究

在埃及胡子鲶和苏氏芒鲶两种鱼受精卵上,用脉冲ＹＡＧ激光微束打孔技术,成功地导入了外源指示剂和用激光微束打过孔的受精卵孵化出了仔鱼,为今后激光微束打孔植入外源基因和针类转基因研究做了一些有意义的探索工作。