应用Weitzman方法分析华中型猪品种的遗传多样性

本文根据华中型20个猪品种27个微卫星DNA标记的研究数据, 应用Weitzman方法, 即通过估计总体遗传多样性、期望多样性、品种对总体遗传多样性的贡献、边际遗传多样性、保种潜力等指标, 评估华中型20个猪品种的遗传多样性, 并通过构建品种间遗传多样性的最大似然树, 图示化展示20个品种间遗传多样性的相互关系。20个华中型猪品种的总体遗传多样性是11,707, 期望多样性占总的遗传多样性的66.96%, 金华猪、皖南花猪、嵊县花猪和乐平猪是对总体遗传多样性贡献最大的4个品种, 其贡献率分别是8.90%、7.46%、7.40%和7.04%, 保种潜力最大的4个品种分别是金华猪、嵊县花猪、杭猪和大花白猪。根据遗传多样性进行聚类分析, 大致可将华中型猪分为3类: 大围子猪、沙子岭猪、宁乡猪等分布于湖南、湖北的品种为一类; 南城猪、嵊县花猪与杭猪聚成另一类; 金华猪与皖南花猪单独聚成一类。研究结果可为我国华中型地方猪种遗传多样性的最大化保护和利用提供科学决策依据, 本文也对Weitzman方法在应用中的关键性问题进行了探讨。     

中国部分猪种SLA-DQB外显子2遗传多样性

运用PCR-SSCP和克隆测序对中国部分猪种的SLA-DQB基因外显子2的多态性分析表明：有功能的DQB基因有68个新等位基因,假基因（SLA-DXB）等位基因有5个。各等位基因的数量分布极其不平衡,而且许多品种都表现出共享等位基因。9个主要等位基因中, C08广泛分布在中国猪种的6大地方类型11个品种及云南和四川野猪中,它为中国猪种特有的共享等位基因,占总数的55.10%。在单一的个体中拥有5条以上序列,说明SLA-DQB基因座在某些品种中拷贝数为3个。SLA-DQB外显子2的等位基因核苷酸和氨基酸多态变异位点分别高达81个和49个,等位基因多样度（H=0.889）以及核苷酸多样度（Pi =0.047）都很高,总体表现为β折叠区的Pi值均高于α螺旋区。综合分析表明华南型、西南型猪H和Pi均较高,高原型的藏猪最低。类群内遗传距离排序与Pi值高低排序一样,可见各地方类型中核苷酸替换的差异正比于核苷酸多样度。类群间遗传距离比较,江海型与华北型间的距离最大,而华中型和高原型间的遗传距离最小。     

猪TLR4基因外显子1新等位基因的分离及遗传变异分析

文章采用PCR-SSCP方法对亚洲野猪、3个引进的商业化品种和10个中国地方猪品种共893个个体TLR4基因外显子1的遗传变异进行了检测,旨在系统分析国内外猪种TLR4基因的多态性,为探讨该基因在免疫和防御系统中发挥的作用提供依据。结果,在猪TLR4基因外显子1中分离到新的等位基因,共检测到3个等位基因,6种基因型。其中杜洛克检测到AA、BB、CC、AB、AC、BC基因型,有杜洛克血统的苏太猪中检测到BB、CC、BC基因型,长白猪、约克夏中检测到CC、BC基因型,野猪及所有10个中国地方猪品种TLR4基因外显子1高度保守,只检测到CC基因型,中国地方猪品种和引进品种TLR4基因外显子1多态性存在极显著的差异。3种基因型中CC型与GenBank中的序列一致,BB和AA基因型分别存在G93C同义突变位点和G194A无义突变位点,这2个变异位点与抗逆性和一般抗病力的关系值得进一步深入研究。     

应用生物技术保存地方猪种种质资源研究

我国地方猪种资源十分丰富,拥有许多突出特性的品种,受到国内外养猪业者的重视。由于种种原因,有些猪种濒临绝种。生物技术的发展给地方猪种种质资源长期保存带来了希望。结合课题组近年来来的相关工作,概述了我国地方猪种资源概况及保种的迫切性,冷冻保种研究现状及地方猪种种质资源长期保存的主要技术,包括猪种配子和胚胎冷冻技术、基因组DNA库、猪体细胞克隆技术及其在长期保存种的作用。     

24个中外猪种(群)的AFLP多态性及其群体遗传关系

利用12对AFLP引物组合检测了19个中国地方猪种（群）,1个培育猪种和4个欧美引进猪种混合基因组DNA的遗传变异,根据AFLP分析结果计算了24个猪种（群）间的遗传相似系数,据此构建了UPGMA聚类关系图,结果表明,AFLP标记有着很高的多态检测效率（Ai),平均每个引物组合检测到17.3个多态标记,非常适合于猪种（群）遗传多样性分析和品种鉴定;中国地方猪种与欧美引进猪种间的遗传分化十分明显,两类猪群间的亲缘关系较远;南昌白猪与大白猪,铅山黑猪与玉山黑猪有着极近的亲缘关系,分别与其育成历史,地理分布和RAPD分析结果相一致。另外还对部分猪种（群）的聚类分析结果与其形态学,地理分布和现行分类情况不相一致的原因进行了探讨。     

利用TP-M13-SSR技术分析我国两个地方猪种的遗传多样性

采用TP-M13-SSR技术,检测了我国地方猪品种柯乐猪和藏猪近交群体在18个微卫星位点的遗传多样性.结果如下:1)TP-M13-SSR方法简单、准确、高效,优于聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳;2)18个微卫星座位在柯乐猪封闭群和藏猪近交群体中的平均有效等位基因数分别为3.5092±1.0545、2.6097±0.8811,平均观察杂合度分别为0.7597±0.1672、0.5966±0.2194,平均期望杂合度分别为0.7000±0.1138、0.5781±0.1522,平均多态信息含量分别为0.6413±0.1252、0.5086±0.1535,表明两个群体具有较高的遗传多样性和较大的遗传潜力,柯乐猪封闭群可作为保种群使用.结论:将TP-M13-SSR技术应用于我国地方猪品种的遗传多样性,为快速、大规模评估我国地方猪种遗传资源提供了新的方法.     

湖北省三品种猪27个微卫星座位的遗传变异

采用国际动物遗传学会（ISAG）和联合国粮农组织（FAO）共同推荐的27个微卫星标记,对湖北省3个主要地方猪种（通城猪、清平猪和阳新猪）的遗传变异进行了检测。计算出各个品种的基因杂合度、各个座位的多态信息含量及品种间的遗传距离。结果表明,3个地方猪种的平均基因杂合度分别为0.7489、0.6987和0.6273,遗传多样性比较丰富;通城猪和清平猪亲缘关系较近,而两者与阳新猪亲缘关系略远。     

猪线粒体DNA多态性与中国地方猪种起源分化的关系

用24种限制性内切酶分析了我国21个具代表性地方猪品种、1个引进品种和2个来自中国和越南的野生近缘种mtDNA的RFLP。结果表明:在74个个体中检出的32种限制性态型可归结成7种单倍型,其间的差异主要来源于少数几个限制性位点的点突变;地方猪种4种单倍型间的平均遗传距离为0.143％,遗传多态程度(π值)仅为0.007％,说明遗传多样性非常贫乏,提示中国地方猪种可能起源于一个野猪亚种。     

采用微卫星DNA标记分析部分地方鸡种保种场的保种效果

采用28对微卫星引物分析了我国两个地方鸡种大骨鸡和北京油鸡不同保种场的保种效果。检测了大骨鸡和北京油鸡共计125个个体的基因型,通过计算等位基因数、等位基因频率、遗传杂合度(H)、多态信息含量(P,G)、F统计量、Nei氏遗传距离,并采用UPGMA聚类法分析了大骨鸡和北京油鸡群体内与群体间的遗传变异,比较了两个鸡种不同保种场的保种效果。在所检测的4个群体中,各群体均有较高的多态性,其杂合度都超过了0．55,各位点等位基因的数目为2～22。除LE110194和MCW0032外,其余26个微卫星位点都处于基因平衡状态。结果表明,4个保种场均较好的保存了这些品种的遗传多样性,但同一品种保种场间保种群体已经产生了差异。     

海南五指山猪遗传多样性的微卫星分析

海南五指山猪(Wuzhishan pig)是我国珍稀的小型猪品种。它的解剖学、生理学、疾病发生机理等都与人类极其相似,具有重要的应用价值,可用于心血管病、皮肤烧伤和新药评价等许多方面的研究。作者利用多重PCR和基因扫描技术对五指山猪32个微卫星基因座进行了遗传检测。统计了全群、核心群和近交群的等位基因组成,并计算了它们的平均纯合率、多态信息含量(PIC)和平均杂合度。结果显示,全群、核心群和近交群32个基因座的平均等位基因数分别为14.590个、9.410个、13.660个,平均基因纯合率分别为44%、44.3%、44%,平均PIC分别为0.742、0.708、0.731,平均杂合度分别为0.560、0.558、0.559。这表明海南五指山猪虽然遗传基础比较稳定,但仍具有较大的遗传变异。上述结果对于海南五指山猪的保种、定向选育、开发利用都具有重要的指导意义。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.