长江下游地区4个克氏原螯虾群体的遗传多样性分析

为了对长江下游地区克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)群体的遗传多样性状况进行本底调查, 本文利用17对微卫星引物对南京(NJ)、盱眙(XY)、合肥(HF)、南昌(NC)4个克氏原螯虾地理群体进行了遗传多样性研究。结果表明, 4个地理群体的平均观测杂合度为0.4322–0.4826、平均期望杂合度为0.4024–0.6121、平均多态信息含量为0.3408–0.5624, 4个克氏原螯虾群体的遗传多样性处于中等水平, 其中南京群体遗传多样性最高, 合肥群体最低; 4个克氏原螯虾群体的基因流为1.3729–5.9161, 遗传分化指数为0.0405–0.1540, 群体间基因流水平较高, 群体间遗传分化程度较小。聚类结果显示4个群体可分为2支: 南京、南昌、盱眙三个群体聚为一支, 合肥群体独自成一支。以上结果将为克氏原螯虾遗传育种、资源保护和利用提供一定的理论依据。     

青藏高原东侧白桦种群的遗传多样性与遗传结构

青藏高原东侧山区是生物多样性热点地区, 也是许多植物冰期时的避难所, 其独特地形使得地理隔离在塑造种群遗传格局中发挥了重要作用。位于青藏高原东侧的白桦(Betula platyphylla)种群被峡谷、山脉或河流所隔离, 呈片段化分布, 遗传格局尚不清晰。该研究利用11对核微卫星标记, 对采自青藏高原东侧山区13个地点、412个白桦样本进行分析。共检测到114个等位基因, 整体遗传多样性水平较高(期望杂合度(H_E) = 0.579; 观察杂合度(H_O) = 0.555), 遗传分化水平中等(遗传分化系数(F_st) = 0.127), 两两种群间遗传距离差异较大(F_st = 0.017-0.319), 且遗传距离与地理距离呈显著正相关关系。聚类分析将所有个体分为2组, 以雅砻江峡谷为界, 西侧种群相比于东侧种群遗传多样性较低而且遗传分化较大。表明青藏高原东侧独特地形造成的地理隔离深刻地影响了白桦的遗传多样性和遗传结构, 位于云南地区的边缘种群已面临遗传多样性降低的风险, 应给予重点保护。     

云杉天然群体遗传多样性的等位酶变异

采用等位酶淀粉凝胶电泳和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对中国西部亚高山特有树种云杉(Picea asperata)10个天然群体的300个个体的遗传多样性和遗传分化进行研究。对8个酶系统17个酶位点(27个等位基因)的检测分析结果表明,10个位点为单态位点,云杉具有中等偏低的遗传变异水平。群体水平上的遗传多样性指标分别为:多态位点的百分率P_P=29.41%~41.18%,等位基因平均数A_P=1.4~1.6,平均期望杂合度H_ep=0.06~0.131;种级水平的遗传多样性指标分别为:P_s=41.18%,A_s=1.2,H_es=0.138。10个群体的群体水平的观测杂合度为0.094 3,期望杂合度为0.096 4;10个群体中,7个多态位点的单位点的观测杂合度(H_o)的均值为0.229(变幅为0.142 9~0.342 9),期望杂合度(H_e)的均值为0.234 1(变幅为0.160 8~0.317 3), 云杉天然群体间遗传分化度(F_ST)为0.311,云杉群体间变异占总变异的31.1%,基因流低(N_m=0.553 9),说明群体间的基因交流有限。异交率高(t=0.957),近交率低(F_is=0.005),这些研究结果表明:云杉群体间等位基因的频率分化显著,其它云杉属树种基因的渐渗、群体微生境差异和不同强度的选择压力可能是造成群体间分化显著的主要原因;Fdh-2-B基因与综合生态梯度值呈显著的负相关(r=-0.661 1^*),H_e与经度呈显著负相关(r=-0.683^*),云杉群体间的地理和遗传距离相关不显著。10个群体均含有绝大部分等位基因,且群体间分化很大,应加以重点保护和管理,作为云杉种质资源原地保存的基地和该树种进一步遗传改良的重要育种群体。     

淮河克氏原螯虾种群遗传结构

克氏原螯虾（Procambarus clarkii）是广泛分布于我国淡水水域的外来入侵物种,对其种群遗传结构的研究有助于了解种群扩散过程。本文测定了淮河流域自然水体中9个地理种群共151个野生克氏原螯虾线粒体COⅠ序列,获得624 bp的有效基因片段,共定义了25个单倍型。AMOVA分析结果表明,淮河流域的克氏原螯虾种群内的变异占主导地位,单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性均为中等水平,各地理种群间平均遗传差异较小（F_st=0.078）,遗传差异不显著。系统发生树并没有按地理位置形成对应族群,表明克氏原螯虾各地理种群间存在明显的基因流,各地理种群间没有形成明显的种群遗传分化。     

鄱阳湖长江江豚的微卫星遗传多样性及发展预测

为了科学评估鄱阳湖长江江豚(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis)的遗传多样性并预测其发展趋势,研究基于124头活体长江江豚的血液样本及42头搁浅死亡长江江豚的组织样本,利用微卫星遗传标记对该种群的遗传多样性进行了评估,并利用BottleSim软件对该种群遗传多样性的发展趋势进行了模拟预测。研究结果显示,鄱阳湖长江江豚种群10个微卫星位点的平均等位基因数(N_a)为5.80、平均观察杂合度(H_o)为0.653、期望杂合度(H_e)为0.664,表现出中等程度的核DNA遗传多样性;在剔除死亡个体后,平均等位基因数下降至5.50,并且死亡个体在3个微卫星位点上具有3个稀有等位基因,表明非正常死亡将导致鄱阳湖种群遗传多样性下降。此外,模拟结果表明,如果保持当前有效种群(N_e=62)和雌雄性比(0.87:1),鄱阳湖长江江豚种群的遗传多样性将快速下降;而要实现100年内保存90%以上遗传多样性的目标,则其有效种群至少需要200头或者实际种群数量超过1000头。研...     

克氏原螯虾的入侵生态学研究进展

克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)原产于美国南部和墨西哥北部,是一个著名入侵物种,作为一种水产经济资源物种在世界各地扩散。克氏原螯虾抗逆性强,所具有的广泛生境适应性、生长迅速、高生殖率等特点使它们迅速建立野生种群。近10余年的研究认为,克氏原螯虾通过捕食和资源竞争等机制严重威胁引入地的水生植物、无脊椎动物、两栖类等的生存,显著降低引入地的生物多样性。当前,由于克氏原螯虾的经济价值高,它会借助于人力的作用而继续扩散。为认清和减少克氏原螯虾对引入地的生态影响,应加强以下方面的研究:1)在中国开展克氏原螯虾的生态危害的调查和研究;2)克氏原螯虾种群调节和控制对策研究;3)被入侵地的生态恢复工作。     

珍稀濒危植物阜康阿魏的遗传多样性及遗传结构

明确珍稀濒危小种群阜康阿魏（Ferula fukanensis）的遗传多样性和遗传结构,是对其制定有效的保护和管理策略的基础和前提。本研究基于10对多态性好且可以稳定扩增的SSR引物对来源于3个居群87个珍稀濒危植物阜康阿魏的遗传多样性和遗传结构进行分析。结果显示：小种群的阜康阿魏具有相对较高的遗传多样性,居群间Nei’s基因多样性指数（h_S）为0.514,总的Nei’s基因多样性指数（h_T）为0.516,观测杂合度（H_o）为0.881,期望杂合度（H_e）为0.512,香农信息指数（I）为0.836,多态位点百分率（P_PB）为100%,遗传分化程度较低 （F_st=0.007）,95.9%的变异发生在居群内,遗传距离与地理距离无显著相关性,66.7%的居群遭遇了遗传瓶颈。结果表明,阜康阿魏遗传变异丰富,有较高的进化潜力。结合该种野外种群现状,建议建立保护区,开展就地保护,并加强引种和人工繁育等迁地保护措施,辅助阜康阿魏保育。本研究可为阜康阿魏植物资源保护提供理论支持,具有重要的理论和实践意义。     

西昌华吸鳅的微卫星引物筛选及赤水河四个地理种群的遗传多样性分析

采用高通量测序法对西昌华吸鳅(Sinogastromyzon sichangensis)基因组进行随机测序并筛选出符合条件的微卫星位点, 设计可用于PCR扩增的引物, 筛选出29对具有多态性的引物, 平均等位基因数为14.5, 观测杂合度(H_o)和期望杂合度(H_e)分别为0.620和0.882, 多态信息含量(PIC)为0.859。选取其中多态性较高的20对引物在赤水河及其支流的4个地理种群中进行扩增, 分析不同地理种群的遗传多样性和种群分化情况。结果表明, 赤水镇种群观测杂合度最高(0.669), 茅台镇种群观测杂合度最低(0.520); 习水河多态信息含量最高(0.868), 茅台镇种群多态信息含量最低(0.841)。赤水河干流的几个种群未出现显著分化, 而习水河种群与其他3个种群的遗传分化程度较高。AMOVA分析显示遗传变异主要发生在群体内, 群体间遗传变异仅占3.33%, 群体内遗传变异占96.67%。种群遗传结构分析表明, 赤水河干流整体遗传背景趋于一致, 而习水河种群则单独聚为一个亚类群。研究为西昌华吸鳅的资源保护和种群遗传学研究提供了基础资料。     

黑龙江省张广才岭北部小飞鼠的遗传多样性与种群历史动态

小飞鼠 (Pteromys volans) 为树栖夜行滑行类啮齿动物,在森林种子传播和维持生态系统平衡等方面发挥着重要的生态学作用。本研究利用mtDNA Cytb、控制区和nDNA微卫星3种分子标记,对黑龙江省张广才岭北部的小飞鼠种群进行遗传多样性与历史动态分析。检测出Cytb全序列 (1 140 bp) 的平均单倍型多样性为0.909,平均核苷酸多样性为0.616%;控制区全序列 (1 066 bp) 的平均单倍型多样性为0.945,平均核苷酸多样性为1.698%;微卫星检测出种群平均等位基因数13.167个,观测杂合度0.727,期望杂合度0.864,近交系数0.159。结果表明,小飞鼠种群遗传多样性丰富,但存在一定程度的杂合度不足和近亲繁殖;未检测到种群近期遗传瓶颈效应,种群内无遗传分化。高比例的稀有单倍型 (≥ 60%) 、低频率等位基因与近亲繁殖,提示未来种群面临遗传多样性下降的风险,建议加大对该物种的关注和保护力度。基于Cyt b基因的系统进化关系结果表明,小飞鼠存在3个明显的遗传谱系：远东、欧亚大陆北部和日本北海道,本研究中张广才岭和大兴安岭的样本单倍型归属为远东谱系。     

五个罗氏沼虾群体遗传多样性的微卫星分析

利用16对微卫星标记对来自泰国(CP)、缅甸(MN)、孟加拉(BD)和中国(MP和DP)的共5个罗氏沼虾群体进行了遗传多样性和遗传结构的分析。结果显示, 16个微卫星位点均具有较高的多态性, 平均等位基因数(N_a)、期望杂合度(H_e)、Shannon信息指数(I)和多态信息含量(PIC)分别为17.563、0.8316、2.1662和0.7328。5个群体的期望杂合度(H_e)介于0.7025—0.8594, 多态信息含量(PIC)介于0.6538—0.8048, 表明所有群体均具有高度遗传多样性, 遗传多样性水平CP>MP>BD>MN>DP。遗传分化指数(F_st)值介于0.03430—0.17333, 表明所有群体间均有不同程度的遗传分化。16个微卫星位点的F_st值均大于0.05, 均值为0.0977, 与群体间有遗传分化相符。AMOVA分析显示群体间变异占总变异的6.22%, 群体内个体间的变异占总变异的40.72%, 个体内部的遗传变异占总变异的53.07%。基于Nei氏遗传距离构建的UPGMA系统进化树显示, MN群体首先与MP群体聚为一类, 再与DP群体聚为一类, 之后再与BD群体聚为一类, 最后与CP群体聚为一类, 表明中国群体与泰国群体亲缘关系较远。遗传结构分析显示, 参试样本被划分为5个理论群体, 除MP群体中个体遗传结构混杂外, 其余群体中个体遗传结构相对独立。研究为罗氏沼虾种质资源的开发利用和优良品种的选育提供了参考数据。     

乔氏新银鱼基于细胞色素b序列的种群遗传结构和种群历史

为促进乔氏新银鱼(Neosalanx jordani)种质资源的保护, 采集了长江流域和淮河流域5个乔氏新银鱼地理种群计129个样本, 利用线粒体细胞色素b基因(Cyt b)全序列作为分子标记, 初步分析了乔氏新银鱼种群的遗传多样性、遗传结构及种群历史动态。研究结果共检测到18个Cyt b单倍型, 发现和其他鱼类相比, 乔氏新银鱼具有较高的单倍型多样性(h, 0.590±0.047), 但核苷酸多样性较低(π, 0.00088±0.00011)。分子变异分析(AMOVA)表明, 乔氏新银鱼5个地理种群内个体间和流域内种群间均存在显著的遗传差异, 而长江流域与淮河流域之间遗传分化不明显, 显示乔氏新银鱼遗传分化与当前水系的分布格局不吻合。结果表明乔氏新银鱼目前的遗传格局主要是由于长距离独立的建群事件、基因流限制以及种群的持续扩张的共同作用而形成的。种群历史动态分析结果显示乔氏新银鱼种群为近期扩张种群, 其大部分变异发生在1.897万年之内, 与最后一次冰期全面消退、海平面上升、长江流域及淮河流域中下游大量湖泊(适宜生境)形成的时间相吻合。建议对现存的乔氏新银鱼种群, 特别是遗传多样性较高的那些种群(如鄱阳湖、太湖及洪泽湖种群)分别保护。     

青鱼野生与养殖群体遗传变异的微卫星分析

研究利用自主开发的12个微卫星标记, 对来自于长江水系4个野生群体(湖北石首、湖南湘江、江苏邗江、浙江嘉兴)和1个养殖群体(江苏吴江)青鱼(Mylopharyngodon piceus)进行遗传多样性和遗传结构分析。遗传多样性分析结果显示这12个位点多态信息含量(PIC)介于0.660—0.923, 表明这12个位点均具有高度多态性(PIC>0.5)。5个群体的平均等位基因数(N_a)介于7.917—11.667, 平均有效等位基因数(N_e)介于4.837—6.035; 平均观测杂合度介于0.713—0.861; 平均期望杂合度介于0.749—0.819; 平均多态信息含量介于0.711—0.788, 表明这5个群体均具有较高的遗传多样性。遗传距离分析结果表明4个野生群体之间遗传距离较近, 养殖群体与这4个野生群体遗传距离均较远。UPGMA系统进化树显示, 湘江群体和石首群体首先聚为一支, 然后与邗江群体和嘉兴群体聚为一支, 最后与吴江养殖群体聚为一支。这12个微卫星位点具有较为丰富的遗传多样性特征, 可以用于青鱼不同群体的种质资源的评估和遗传多样性的分析。     

Population genomics of rapidly invading lionfish in the Caribbean reveals signals of range expansion in the absence of spatial population structure

Range expansions driven by global change and species invasions may have significant genomic, evolutionary, and ecological implications. During range expansions, strong genetic drift characterized by repeated founder events can result in decreased genetic diversity with increased distance from the center of the historic range, or the point of invasion. The invasion of the Indo‐Pacific lionfish, Pterois volitans, into waters off the US East Coast, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea provides a natural system to study rapid range expansion in an invasive marine fish with high dispersal capabilities. We report results from 12,759 single nucleotide polymorphism loci sequenced by restriction enzyme‐associated DNA sequencing for nine P. volitans sampling areas in the invaded range, including Florida and other sites throughout the Caribbean, as well as mitochondrial control region D‐loop data. Analyses revealed low to no spatially explicit metapopulation genetic structure, which is partly consistent with previous finding of little structure within ocean basins, but partly divergent from initial reports of between‐basin structure. Genetic diversity, however, was not homogeneous across all sampled sites. Patterns of genetic diversity correlate with invasion pathway. Observed heterozygosity, averaged across all loci within a population, decreases with distance from Florida while expected heterozygosity is mostly constant in sampled populations, indicating population genetic disequilibrium correlated with distance from the point of invasion. Using an F_ST outlier analysis and a Bayesian environmental correlation analysis, we identified 256 and 616 loci, respectively, that could be experiencing selection or genetic drift. Of these, 24 loci were shared between the two methods.     

长江草鱼不同群体EST-SSR 多态性标记的筛选及其遗传结构分析

为对我国不同地域草鱼群体进行鉴定和遗传多样性分析, 在2400 条草鱼EST 序列中, 对其二碱基至五碱基重复序列进行筛选, 共筛选出微卫星位点181 个, 选取其中的46 个进行引物的设计与合成, 获得呈多态性的微卫星引物9 对。利用这9 对引物对8 个长江水系草鱼群体和1 个红色草鱼自然突变群体进行了遗传结构分析。结果显示, 长沙草鱼、安庆草鱼、嘉兴草鱼、靖江草鱼、石首草鱼、松江草鱼、瑞昌草鱼、邗江草鱼和红色突变草鱼9 个群体的平均等位基因数(Na)分别为4.67、5.22、5.33、5.00、4.89、4.78、4.89、4.67 和2.56, 平均期望杂合度(He)分别为0.6397、0.6543、0.6831、06356、0.6737、0.6483、0.6664、0.7129 和0.4696, 平均多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0.5787、0.6126、0.6283、0.5894、0.6217、0.5956、0.6136、0.6582 和0.3949, 表明邗江草鱼的遗传多样性最高, 而红草鱼的遗传多样性最低。聚类分析表明, 8 个长江水系草鱼群体首先聚类, 最后与红色草鱼聚类;其中, 安庆草鱼与松江草鱼首先聚为一支, 遗传距离较近, 为0.0725;红色草鱼与长沙草鱼的遗传距离最远, 为0.5217。研究结果对我国草鱼种质资源保存、种群鉴定和良种选育具有重要意义。       

Population differentiation in the open sea: insights from the pelagic copepod Pleuromamma xiphias

Although a number of recent studies of marine holoplankton have reported significant genetic structure among populations, little is currently known about the biological and oceanographic processes that influence population connectivity in oceanic plankton. In order to examine how depth preferences influence dispersal in oceanic plankton, I characterized the genetic structure of a copepod with diel vertical migration (DVM) (Pleuromamma xiphias), throughout its global distribution, and compared these results to those expected given the interaction of this species' habitat depth with ocean circulation and bathymetry. Mitochondrial COI sequences from 651 individuals from 28 sites in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans revealed highly significant genetic differentiation both within and among ocean basins. Limited dispersal among distinct pelagic provinces seems to have played a major role in population differentiation in this species, with strong genetic breaks observed across known oceanographic fronts or current systems in all three ocean basins. The Indo-West Pacific (IWP) holds a highly distinct genetic population of this species that was sampled in both the western Pacific and eastern Indian Oceans. This suggests that the IWP does not act as a strong barrier to gene flow between basins, as expected, despite the relatively shallow water depth (<200 m) and vertically extensive (>400 m) diel migration of this species. A pattern of isolation by distance was observed in the Indian Ocean with genetic differentiation among samples down to spatial scales of ～800 km, indicating that realized dispersal in P. xiphias occurs over much smaller spatial scales than in previously reported oceanic holoplankton. Given its highly regionalized population genetic structure, P. xiphias may have some capacity to adapt to local oceanographic conditions, and it should not be assumed that populations of this species in distinct pelagic biomes will respond in the same way to shared physical or climatic forcing.     

Genetic analysis of four wild chum salmon<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oncorhynchus keta</Emphasis> populations in China based on microsatellite markers

Synopsis To assess the genetic variation and population structure of wild chum salmon in China, we analyzed microsatellite loci for populations in the Amur, Wusuli, Suifen Current and the Tumen rivers. We evaluated expected heterozygosity with two estimators of genetic differentiation (F_ST and G_ST) and Nei’s standard genetic distance. The average expected heterozygosity across the 10 loci was 0.65 in the Wusuli River and the Suifen Current River, 0.64 in the Amur River and 0.66 in the Tumen River, The results of this study show that the recent declines in chum salmon have not led to low levels of genetic variability in China. The proportion of inter-population subdivision among chum salmon was between 5.7 and 6.8%. According to the estimator used, the NJ tree based on Nei’s standard genetic distance indicated that there were two different branches (the Sea of Okhotsk branch and the Sea of Japan branch), the Amur River and the Wusuli River populations were closer, while the Suifen Current River and the Tumen River clustered together. The genetic test for population bottlenecks provided no evidence for a significant genetic signature of population decline, which is consistent with the record of the four populations we have in the last few years.     

Microsatellite diversity and population genetic structure of yellowcheek, Elopichthys bambusa (Cyprinidae) in the Yangtze River

Yellowcheek carp (Elopichthys bambusa) is the only species of genus Elopichthys. It is widely distributed in Chinese freshwaters but currently its populations have declined to threatening level. We examined the genetic diversity and population structure of E. bambusa in the Yangtze River basin. A total of nine polymorphic microsatellite markers were employed to study five populations occurring in middle and lower reaches of the river. The results revealed low-to-moderate genetic diversity. The number of alleles per locus varied between 3 and 8 with an average of 4.8. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.15 to a maximum of 1.00. Significant deviations (P < 0.01) from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium were observed for all the tested locus-population combinations with clear heterozygosity deficits. AMOVA indicated that majority of the variance lies within populations (93.81%) than among the populations (7.05%). Pairwise F_ST and unbiased genetic distance pointed out significant differentiation among the samples from populations with different connections to the Yangtze River. In the UPGMA dendrogram, clustering pattern of populations indicated that most of the populations are reproductively isolated due to anthropogenic interventions. Clustering of PYL and DTL populations shows ongoing gene flow through the mainstream. The recent hydrological alterations and overfishing are major factors shaping the current genetic structure. These results can be helpful for effective management and sustainable conservation of E. bambusa populations.     

Genetic variation of fish parasite populations in historically connected habitats: undetected habitat fragmentation effect on populations of the nematode Procamallanus fulvidraconis in the catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco

Habitat fragmentation may have some significant effects on population genetic structure because geographic distance and physical barriers may impede gene flow between populations. In this study, we investigated whether recent habitat fragmentation affected genetic structure and diversity of populations of the nematode Procamallanus fulvidraconis in the yellowhead catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. The nematode was collected from 12 localities in 7 floodplain lakes of the Yangtze River. Using 11 intersimple sequence repeat markers, analysis of molecular variance showed that genetic diversity occurred mainly within populations (70.26%). Expected heterozygosity (He) of P. fulvidraconis was barely different between connected (0.2105) and unconnected lakes (0.2083). Population subdivision (Fst) between connected lakes (0.2177) was higher than in unconnected lakes (0.1676). However, the connected and unconnected lakes did not cluster into 2 clades. A Mantel test revealed significant positive correlation between genetic and geographic distances (R = 0.5335, P < 0.01). These results suggest that habitat fragmentation did not cause genetic differentiation among populations or a reduction of diversity in isolated populations of P. fulvidraconis. At least 2 factors may increase the dispersal range of the nematode, i.e., flash flooding in summer and other species of fish that may serve as the definitive hosts. Moreover, lake fragmentation is probably a recent process; population size of the nematode in these lakes is large enough to maintain population structure.     

Genetic variation analysis within and among six varieties of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in China using microsatellite markers

Five microsatellites were used to study the genetic diversity and genetic structure of one wild and five domestic varieties of common carp in China (the Yangtze River wild common carp, Xingguo red carp, purse red carp, Qingtian carp, Russian scattered scaled mirror carp and Japanese decorative carp). All loci in this study showed marked polymorphism with the number of alleles from 4 to 13. Domestic varieties (except Xingguo red carp) showed less genetic diversity than the Yangtze River wild common carp in terms of allelic diversity. Population differentiation was assessed and each combination of populations displayed significant differentiation (p < 0.05) with the exception of that between the Yangtze River wild common carp and Xingguo red carp. Genetic distance analysis (Nei's standard genetic distance and pairwise F(st) distance) showed that the largest distance was between Russian scattered scaled mirror carp and the Yangtze River wild common carp and the smallest distance was between the Yangtze River wild common carp and Xingguo red carp. However, among six populations Japanese decorative carp displayed the highest level of variability in terms of heterozygosity.     

基于SSR技术对黄河三角洲二色补血草遗传多样性研究

应用GENALEX6.502、ARLEQUINversion3.5、STRUCTUREv2.3.4、STRUCTURE Harvester、CLUMP和Distruct等软件进行遗传参数估算、主成分分析、遗传变异分析及遗传结构分析。在这项研究中,我们系统地从分布在中国黄河三角洲的12个二色补血草居群中采集到202份个体。我们通过使用共显性的微卫星标记探索微地理遗传结构,旨在解决黄河三角洲二色补血草居群结构和动态问题。结果表明：二色补血草呈中等程度的遗传分化,遗传变异主要存在于居群内,微弱的遗传分化存在于居群间,为（F_ST=0.067）。香农信息指数平均是1.037,基因流平均是4.106,观测杂合度和期望杂合度平均值分别是0.43和0.529。通过分析二色补血草群体的遗传多样性和遗传结构,旨在为资源的管理、保护和利用提供依据。总之,保护遗传多样性时,应保存尽可能多的居群和特异单株。