青鱼野生与养殖群体遗传变异的微卫星分析

研究利用自主开发的12个微卫星标记, 对来自于长江水系4个野生群体(湖北石首、湖南湘江、江苏邗江、浙江嘉兴)和1个养殖群体(江苏吴江)青鱼(Mylopharyngodon piceus)进行遗传多样性和遗传结构分析。遗传多样性分析结果显示这12个位点多态信息含量(PIC)介于0.660—0.923, 表明这12个位点均具有高度多态性(PIC>0.5)。5个群体的平均等位基因数(N_a)介于7.917—11.667, 平均有效等位基因数(N_e)介于4.837—6.035; 平均观测杂合度介于0.713—0.861; 平均期望杂合度介于0.749—0.819; 平均多态信息含量介于0.711—0.788, 表明这5个群体均具有较高的遗传多样性。遗传距离分析结果表明4个野生群体之间遗传距离较近, 养殖群体与这4个野生群体遗传距离均较远。UPGMA系统进化树显示, 湘江群体和石首群体首先聚为一支, 然后与邗江群体和嘉兴群体聚为一支, 最后与吴江养殖群体聚为一支。这12个微卫星位点具有较为丰富的遗传多样性特征, 可以用于青鱼不同群体的种质资源的评估和遗传多样性的分析。

MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS OF GENETIC VARIATION OF WILD AND CULTURAL POPULATIONS IN BLACK CARP MYLOPHARYNGODON PICEUS

Black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus, the most important freshwater fish in China, is widely distributed in the Yangtze River and along the Yangtze River. This study developed 12 highly polymorphic loci from 25 polymorphic microsatellite markers to analyze genetic diversity and population structure of 4 wild and 1 aquaculture populations in the Yangtze River system. The results showed that the polymorphic information content (PIC) of these 12 loci was between 0.660—0.923, indicating that all 12 loci were highly polymorphic (PIC>0.5). The allele number (N_a) of the 5 populations was between 7.917—11.667 and the effective allele number (N_e) ranged from 4.837 to 6.035. The observed heterozygosity was between 0.713—0.861 and the expected heterozygosity was between 0.749—0.819. The ave-rage polymorphism information content was between 0.711—0.788. These results indicated the high genetic diversity in all 5 populations. The genetic distance between the 4 wild populations was relatively closer. The genetic distance between the cultured population and the 4 wild populations was much larger than that of the 4 wild populations. In the UPGMA phylogenetic tree, the Xiangjiang population and the Shishou population were first gathered together, and then clustered with the Hanjiang and Jiaxing populations, and finally together with the Wujiang culture population. The 12 microsatellite loci can be used for the assessment of germplasm resources and genetic diversity of different populations in black carp.