Asia I口蹄疫vp2蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及单抗竞争ELISA方法的建立

制备Asia I口蹄疫病毒vp2单克隆抗体(mAb)并建立了单抗竞争ELISA方法。用纯化的Asia I型口蹄疫病毒vp2重组蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠, 将免疫小鼠的脾细胞与骨髓瘤SP2/0细胞融合, 采用间接ELISA和有限稀释法筛选杂交瘤细胞。分别用ELISA、Western blotting检测mAb腹水的效价及其特异性。筛选到杂交瘤细胞2株, 腹水效价均在100×29以上; 以纯化后的Asia I型口蹄疫病毒vp2重组蛋白作为抗原, 利用Asia I型口蹄疫病毒vp2单抗酶标物建立了竞争ELISA方法用来检测Asia I型口蹄疫抗体。临床应用表明, 该方法与UBI公司的口蹄疫全病毒抗体检测试剂盒总符合率达89.0%, 和荷兰赛迪公司的口蹄疫病毒LPB-ELISA抗体检测试剂盒总符合率达86.5%。     

Asia Ⅰ口蹄疫vp2蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及单抗竞争ELISA方法的建立

制备Asia Ⅰ口蹄疫病毒vp2单克隆抗体(mAb)并建立了单抗竞争ELISA方法.用纯化的Asia Ⅰ型口蹄疫病毒vp2重组蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,将免疫小鼠的脾细胞与骨髓瘤SP2/0细胞融合,采用间接ELISA和有限稀释法筛选杂交瘤细胞.分别用ELISA、Western blotting检测mAb腹水的效价及其特异性.筛选到杂交瘤细胞2株,腹水效价均在100×2<'9>以上:以纯化后的AsiaⅠ型口蹄疫病毒vp2重组蛋白作为抗原,利用Asia Ⅰ型口蹄疫病毒vp2单抗酶标物建立了竞争ELISA方法用来检测Asia Ⅰ型口蹄疫抗体.临床应用表明,该方法与UBI公司的口蹄疫全病毒抗体检测试剂盒总符合率达89.0%,和荷兰赛迪公司的口蹄疫病毒LPB-ELISA抗体检测试剂盒总符合率达86.5%.     

Asia 1型口蹄疫病毒抗原表位突变株的构建及其生物学特性分析

为了研制口蹄疫抗原表位突变标记疫苗,本研究以含有Asia 1型口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)c DNA全长的感染性克隆p Asia 1-FMDV作为骨架,将3D蛋白中第27位氨基酸的H和31位的氨基酸N分别突变成Y和R,从而突变3D蛋白的一个抗原表位,将构建的带有突变表位的重组质粒转染BHK-21细胞,成功拯救出一株突变FMDV。经比较后发现,重组病毒的生物学特性与亲本毒株相似。病毒中和试验结果显示,抗重组病毒的血清与亲本病毒有良好的反应性。Western blotting结果表明重组病毒诱导的抗体能与突变的表位合成肽反应而不与野生型病毒的表位合成肽发生反应,从而区分重组病毒与亲本病毒。综上所述,这株抗原表位突变FMDV有望作为口蹄疫标记疫苗候株进一步评估。     

Asia1型口蹄疫病毒胶体金免疫层析检测方法的建立

为建立一种快速、简便、灵敏检测Asia1型口蹄疫病毒的胶体金免疫层析方法(GICA)。本研究采用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备胶体金颗粒,标记纯化的抗Asia1型口蹄疫病毒的单克隆抗体,将该标记物与羊抗豚鼠IgG分别包被在硝酸纤维素膜(Nitrocellulose membrane)上,作为检测带和质控带。经条件优化,组装成检测Asia1型口蹄疫的诊断试纸条。用该试纸条分别对A、O、C和Asia1型口蹄疫病毒抗原以及猪水泡病病毒抗原等87份样品进行了检测,发现该试纸条不与口蹄疫病毒A、O、C型以及猪水泡病病毒抗原发生反应,特异性良好。用该试纸条对口蹄疫细胞毒(TCID50为6.25)的10倍系列稀释液进行了检测,最低可以检测到大约10?4。该试纸条与其他传统诊断方法的符合率为98.8%。初步实验确定该试纸条在4oC下可保存3个月、37oC和室温下大概可保存1周左右。该试纸条是一种快速、灵敏、特异的FMD抗原检测方法,对现场检测具有一定实用价值。     

三株口蹄疫病毒的克隆和基因型鉴定

目的：将O、A、Asia—Ⅰ型等3株口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）VP3-VP1—2A区域的一个片段克隆到pMD18-T载体上,构建阳性重组质粒,并且鉴定3株病毒所属的基因型。方法：将从中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所获得的O、A、Asia—Ⅰ型灭活FMDV提取RNA作为模板,采用RT-PCR技术扩增了VP3-VP1-2A区域的一个约1070bp的片段,包含了全部的VP1序列;将其克隆到pMD18-T载体上,鉴定后得到阳性重组质粒;将目的片段进行序列测定、分析、绘制系统发育树,进而确定各灭活病毒的基因型。结果与结论：经鉴定,O型灭活FMDV属Cathay基因型,它与该基因型3条参考毒株序列的相似性在87％以上;A型灭活FMDV与参考株的相似性差异较大,但在系统发育树上可以看出该毒株属于Asia基因型;Asia-Ⅰ型FMDV只有1个基因型,将测序结果在NCBI网站上BIJAST,证实该灭活病毒为Asia—Ⅰ型。     

共表达O型口蹄疫病毒P1-2A基因和猪白细胞介素18的重组鸡痘病毒的构建

目的:为获得能有效预防O型口蹄疫病毒的重组鸡痘病毒活载体疫苗奠定基础。方法：在O型口蹄疫病毒P1-2A基因上游引入Kozak序列,下游通过Linker与细胞因子IL-18联结,获得P1-2A基因与猪IL-18基因融合表达基因盒P1-2A-IL-18,将该表达基因盒克隆至鸡痘病毒中间转移载体pUTAL-3C中,构建重组鸡痘病毒转移载体质粒pUTAL-3C- P1-2A-IL-18。通过脂质体转染法,将pUTAL-3C- P1-2A-IL-18与鸡痘病毒282E4株共转染鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF）,通过BrdU三次加压筛选,挑选出单克隆重组病毒株。结果：经RT-PCR和间接免疫荧光法鉴定,证明所筛选的1株重组鸡痘病毒在CEF中能正确表达P1-2A-IL-18基因盒。结论：成功获得了一株共表达O型口蹄疫病毒P1-2A基因和猪白细胞介素18基因的重组鸡痘毒疫苗候选株rFPV-3C-P1-2A-IL-18。     

6株0型口蹄疫病毒结构蛋白vpl基因的克隆与序列分析

提取6株O型口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)(T1-T6)的RNA,用一对通用引物经RT-PCR方法将6株FMDVVP1基因片段扩增出来。克隆测序,核苷酸序列分析表明,T1-T6六株vpl基因的核苷酸序列同源性在95％～99．8％之间,氨基酸序列同源性在94．8％～100％之间。T1-T6六株病毒vpl基因的核苷酸序列与已经发表的O／HKN／14／82、O/TAW/81,97、O／PHI／7／96、O／HKN／1／99和O／HKN／16／96的同源性较高,核苷酸序列同源性在86．1％～95．8％之间：发现6株毒株的主要中和抗原表位140-160、200-213位的氨基酸序列完全相同,推测它们有相近的中和抗体表位和抗原性。故推断本试验中的6株FMDV株属于同一基因型,即FMDV O型中国拓朴型(Cathay topotype)。     

口蹄疫病毒Asia1/YNBS/58株全基因组序列分析

口蹄疫是由口蹄疫病毒(Foot-and-mouth dis-ease virus,FMDV)感染引起的偶蹄动物(猪、牛、羊、骆驼等)共患的一种急性、烈性、接触性传染病。FMDV是小核糖核酸病毒科(Picornaviridae)口蹄疫病毒属(Aphthovirus)的成员,有7个血清型,分别为O、A、C、Asia1、SAT1、SAT2、SAT3,完整     

表达O型口蹄疫病毒VPl基因的重组病毒BHV-1的构建与鉴定

[目的]为了构建表达口蹄疫病毒(O/china/99)VP1基因的牛疱疹病毒1型,将人工合成的口蹄疫病毒VP1基因插入到巨细胞病毒(CMV)启动子之下构建gE基因缺失转移载体.[方法]利用磷酸钙介导转染法将该转移载体与亲本病毒BHV-1/gE-/LacZ+的基因组DNA共转染牛鼻甲细胞后收获增殖的病毒.通过筛选白色病毒蚀斑,得到重组病毒BHV-1/gE-/VP1.[结果]PCR检测结果表明VP1基因已经插入到了重组病毒BHV-1/gE-的基因组中,间接免疫荧光试验和Westem blot证实了BHV-1/gE-/VP1中的VP1基因在感染的细胞中获得了表达.[结论]本研究成功地构建了表达口蹄疫病毒VP1基因的重组病毒BHV-1/gE-/VP1,为研制口蹄疫及其他重要牛传染病的BHV-1病毒载体疫苗奠定了基础.     

猪O型口蹄疫病毒细菌样颗粒疫苗的制备与免疫原性鉴定

验证基于革兰氏阳性增强基质(Gram-positive enhancer matrix,GEM)展示口蹄疫病毒细菌样颗粒(Bacteria-like particles,BLP)疫苗的可行性。按照大肠杆菌偏好性密码子优化合成基于猪口蹄疫病毒Mya98株序列的3种抗原基因设计,并将其插入到含有锚钩蛋白基因的原核表达载体p QZ-PA,鉴定阳性后转入Escherichia coli BL21,进行诱导表达。利用SDS-PAGE与Western blotting对目的基因表达及产物的可溶性进行分析。利用GEM颗粒纯化目的蛋白,制备细菌样颗粒疫苗抗原;利用BCA试剂盒测定重组蛋白的浓度,将重组蛋白与白油佐剂乳化,制备疫苗,免疫5周龄小鼠,同时设商品化多肽苗对照与空白对照,免疫后不同时间采集试验小鼠血清,利用口蹄疫病毒多肽ELISA抗体检测试剂盒和O型口蹄疫抗体液相阻断酶联免疫(Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测试剂盒检测免疫小鼠血清的抗体水平;利用噻唑蓝比色法(Methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide,MTT)测定淋巴细胞增殖情况;利用荧光定量PCR方法检测相关细胞因子表达,评价细胞免疫水平。SDS-PAGE结果表明,设计在大肠杆菌中的3种口蹄疫病毒抗原基因均以可溶形式获得高效表达;Western blotting结果显示,表达的重组蛋白能够与口蹄疫病毒阳性血清发生反应,利用GEM颗粒能够实现重组蛋白的一步离心纯化,制备BLP疫苗抗原;免疫试验结果表明,设计的重组抗原B(T1BT2)4B不但能够刺激免疫小鼠产生更高水平的多肽特异性ELISA抗体与口蹄疫特异性液相阻断抗体,而且产生了更高水平的脾淋巴细胞增殖及Th1型的细胞因子分泌。初步实验结果表明,本研究制备的BLP疫苗GEM-B(T1BT2)4B具有良好的免疫原性,为研究口蹄疫病毒基因工程亚单位疫苗开辟了一条新的思路。     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.     

2018年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2018年中国植物科学继续呈现快速发展的态势, 我国科学家在国际植物科学主流学术刊物发表论文数量大幅增加, 取得了多项具有重要影响的成果。调控植物生长-代谢平衡实现可持续农业发展入选2018年度中国科学十大进展; 中国被子植物区系进化历史研究入选2018年度中国生命科学十大进展。以水稻为代表的农作物和果蔬等经济作物研究在国际上已呈现出明显的优势, 若干领域已从“追赶”状态跨越到“领跑”地位。该文对2018年中国科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了概括性评述, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和热点, 展示中国科学家所取得的杰出成就。     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义。综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望。     

2018年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2018年中国植物科学继续呈现快速发展的态势, 我国科学家在国际植物科学主流学术刊物发表论文数量大幅增加, 取得了多项具有重要影响的成果。调控植物生长-代谢平衡实现可持续农业发展入选2018年度中国科学十大进展; 中国被子植物区系进化历史研究入选2018年度中国生命科学十大进展。以水稻为代表的农作物和果蔬等经济作物研究在国际上已呈现出明显的优势, 若干领域已从“追赶”状态跨越到“领跑”地位。该文对2018年中国科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了概括性评述, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和热点, 展示中国科学家所取得的杰出成就。     

2017年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2017年中国植物科学继续保持高速发展态势, 重大成果频出, 具体表现在中国植物学家在国际顶级学术期刊发表的文章数量平稳上升。中国植物科学领域的研究工作者成果精彩纷呈, 如新型广谱抗病机制的发现、水稻广谱抗病遗传基础及机制和疫霉菌诱发病害成灾机制研究等。2017年中国生命科学领域十大进展评选中, 有两项植物科学领域的研究成果入选。水稻生物学、进化与基因组学和激素生物学等领域学科发展突出。另外, 值得一提的是, 长期从事高等植物与代谢途径调控分子网络研究和水稻品种设计育种的李家洋院士的研究成果“水稻高产优质性状形成的分子机理及品种设计”荣获2017年国家自然科学一等奖。这一具有重大国际影响的开创性贡献标志着中国植物科学在该领域的国际科学前沿居于引领和卓越地位。该文对2017年中国本土科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了系统梳理, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域发展的最新前沿动态, 与广大读者共同分享我国科学家所取得的辉煌成就。     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义.综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望.     

Morphine-potentiated platelet aggregation in in vitro and platelet plug formation in in vivo experiments

The detailed mechanisms underlying morphine-signaling pathways in platelets remain obscure. Therefore, we systematically examined the influence of morphine on washed human platelets. In this study, washed human platelet suspensions were used for in vitro studies. Furthermore, platelet thrombus formation induced by irradiation of mesenteric venules with filtered light in mice pretreated with fluorescein sodium was used for an in vivo thrombotic study. Morphine concentration dependently (0.6, 1, and 5 microM) potentiated platelet aggregation and the ATP release reaction stimulated by agonists (i.e., collagen and U46619) in washed human platelets. Yohimbine (0.1 microM), a specific alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist, markedly abolished the potentiation of morphine in platelet aggregation stimulated by agonists. Morphine also potentiated phosphoinositide breakdown and intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization in human platelets stimulated by collagen (1 microg/ml). Moreover, morphine (0.6-5 microM) markedly inhibited prostaglandin E(1) (10 microM)-induced cyclic AMP formation in human platelets, while yohimbine (0.1 microM) significantly reversed the inhibition of cyclic AMP by morphine (0.6 and 1 microM) in this study. The thrombin-evoked increase in pH(i) was markedly potentiated in the presence of morphine (1 and 5 microM). Morphine (2 and 5 mg/g) significantly shortened the time require to induce platelet plug formation in mesenteric venules. We concluded that morphine may exert its potentiation in platelet aggregation by binding to alpha(2)-adrenoceptors in human platelets, with a resulting inhibition of adenylate cyclase, thereby reducing intracellular cyclic AMP formation followed by increased activation of phospholipase C and the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger. This leads to increased intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization, and finally potentiation of platelet aggregation and of the ATP release reaction.     

Changes in aquatic vegetation in Rhine floodplain streams in Alsace in relation to disturbance

Abstract. Changes are described in aquatic vegetation in oligotrophic, groundwater-fed Rhine floodplain streams in Alsace (eastern France), resulting from disturbance. Disturbance factors include changes in nutrients, either permanent ones - effluent from a waste water treatment plant or trout hatcheries - or periodic ones: flooding. Regular inputs of high levels of phosphate and ammonia modified the macrophyte vegetation in these streams. The floristic composition, which was characteristic of oligotrophic waters upstream of the eutrophicated sector, changed to that of a eutrophic situation as originally found downstream. Periodic disturbance by floods which normally occur once a year, irregularly eutrophicates the small streams, causing the development of a mixture of eutrophic and oligotrophic species. Six macrophyte communities are distinguished, indicating different trophic levels. The aquatic vegetation is adapted to the variations of phosphate and ammonia levels. Hence, aquatic macrophytes can be used as bio-indicators of fluctuations in water nutrient levels in relation to the type of disturbance.     

Progress in glial cell studies in some laboratories in China

Glial cells in the central nervous system(CNS) consist of a heterogeneous population of cell types,each characterized by distinct morphological features,physiological properties,and specific markers.In contrast to the previous view that glial cells were passive elements in the brain,accumulating evidence suggests that glial cells are active participants in various brain functions and brain disorders.This review summarizes recent progress of glial cell studies from several groups in China,ranging from studie...