丝素蛋白/壳聚糖复合材料在组织工程中应用的研究进展

丝素蛋白(silk fibroin,SF)和壳聚糖(chitosan,CS)具有良好的生物相容性和可降解性,然而单一组分的SF和CS支架材料的诸多缺点限制了其在组织工程研究中的应用。SF/CS复合材料克服单一组分SF和CS支架的缺点,具有力学性能优良、可塑性好、孔隙率及孔径可调和组分优势互补等特点。多种方法制备的SF/CS复合材料(微米/纳米颗粒、膜、纳米纤维、水凝胶和三维多孔支架)已用于骨、软骨、皮肤、神经、脂肪、心脏和角膜等组织工程或组织损伤修复的研究中。目前,国内外对于SF/CS复合材料在组织工程中应用的研究尚处于起步阶段。主要对SF/CS复合材料的特点、制备方法以及在多种组织工程中应用的研究现状进行了简要介绍。     

纤维粘连蛋白及层粘连蛋白与肿瘤细胞的浸润和转移

纤维粘连蛋白(fibronectin,FN)及层粘连蛋白(laminin,LN)是近年来受到广泛重视的细胞外基质非胶原糖蛋白。FN主要由中胚层来的细胞产生,亦可由上皮细胞及内皮细胞生成;LN则主要由上皮细胞及内皮细胞合成。FN以可溶及不溶两种形式分别存在于各种体液及细胞外基质(包括某些基膜);LN则以不溶的形式     

PHB/PLLA组织工程前交叉韧带支架材料改性的实验研究

目的:探索体外构建组织工程前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)的三维支架材料。方法:以聚羟基丁酸已酯/聚左旋乳酸(PHB/PLLA1:1)制备"三明治"样结构共聚物并测量其孔隙率等指标。以I型胶原对制备的PHB/PLLA支架进行杂化,获得PHB/PLLA胶原杂化支架。扫描电镜观察其表面结构。将兔皮肤成纤维细胞(SF)接种于PHB/PLLA支架与PHB/PLLA胶原杂化支架,观察其在材料上生长情况。结果:PHB/PLLA支架杂化后胶原填充于纤维空隙,分布比较均匀。体外培养的胶原杂化支架材料上要比PHB/PLLA支架有更多的皮肤成纤维细胞生长。结论:胶原杂化有利于细胞种植和生长,PHB/PLLA胶原杂化支架具有良好的三维构型和生物相容性,有望为前交叉韧带损伤的修复提供了一种新型的支架材料。     

人腺病毒41型纤维丝状包涵体免疫电镜研究

为明确人腺病毒41型(Adenovirus type 41,Ad41)形态发生过程中形成的纤维丝状包涵体(Fibrillous inclusion body,FIB)是否含有Ad41的长纤维(Long fiber,LF)蛋白与短纤维(Short fiber,SF)蛋白。我们分别原核表达和纯化Ad41LF、SF的球部(Knob)蛋白,分别命名为LFK与SFK。以LFK和SFK分别免疫BALB/c小鼠,分别获得LFK抗血清和SFK抗血清。Western blot、间接免疫荧光和免疫负染结果表明,LFK抗血清和SFK抗血清分别与LF和SF结合,LFK抗血清和SFK抗血清之间无交叉反应,可以应用于免疫电镜标记。通过Ad41抗血清、腺病毒纤维单克隆抗体4D2、LFK抗血清与SFK抗血清分别对FIB进行免疫电镜胶体金标记,表明Ad41抗血清、腺病毒纤维单克隆抗体4D2、LFK抗血清与SFK抗血清均能标记FIB,说明FIB中含有Ad41长纤维蛋白和短纤维蛋白。     

静电纺丝的主要参数对ＰＬＧＡ纤维支架形貌和纤维直径的影响

目的以聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)为材料,采用静电纺丝方法制备纤维支架,考察制备参数对纤维支架结构及纤维直径的影响规律。方法以四氢呋喃(THF)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)的混合液为溶剂,调节PLGA溶液浓度、流量及电场强度分别制备了具有不同表面形貌的纤维支架。通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察了纺丝溶液的浓度、流量及电场强度对纤维形貌和直径的影响。同时在制备的PLGA纤维支架上接种了人的真皮成纤维细胞,并对细胞在PLGA支架上的黏附和增殖情况进行了研究,从而来评价支架材料的细胞相容性。结论结果表明,随着纺丝溶液浓度的增加,纤维直径逐渐增大,纤维直径的分布也随之增大。随着流量的增加,纤维直径略有增大。随着电场强度的增大,纤维直径没有明显的变化。但是电压和浓度的增大有助于减少珠丝的产生。体外细胞培养实验证明,制备的PLGA纤维支架能支持细胞正常的黏附和增殖活动。     

视网膜基膜对培养鸡胚视网膜神经纤维生长的作用

我们取视网膜基膜作为培养基底,证明了基膜能诱导和调节鸡胚视网膜神经纤维的生长,也可能影响纤维的生长方向。用抗层粘连蛋白的抗血清预先处理基膜,不能改变基膜上视网膜纤维生长的长度和图谱。PNA和抗PNA抗血清预先处理的基膜也不能改变纤维生长的长度,但却能改变生长图谱。神经氨酸酶预处理基膜能减少纤维生长长度。而轻度胰酶处理对纤维生长长度各有不同程度的降低。培养液中加入PNA(100微克/1毫升)24小时内能将视网膜纤维的生长图谱由直束式改变为网格式,其他凝集素(WGA,ConA)均未见这种作用。因此,基膜对纤维生长的作用很可能是多种分子综合作用的结果,其中PNA-受体也许起了重要作用。     

纳米纤维家蚕丝蛋白软支架制备及性能

【目的】通过调控蚕丝蛋白溶液的状态,可实现对蚕丝蛋白支架的力学及结构性能的调控,获得适宜于内皮细胞生长的支架材料,解决复杂组织修复中由于不利于组织长入和血管生长而导致组织功能无法修复的问题。【方法】向新鲜蚕丝蛋白溶液中添加蚕丝蛋白纳米纤维增加冻干支架的成孔性,基于丝蛋白自组装原理对丝素蛋白溶液进行浓缩处理增加分子间亲水作用力,获得不同状态的丝蛋白溶液,最后冷冻干燥,制备支架,观察蚕丝蛋白状态变化对支架性能的影响。【结果】实验结果表明,蚕丝蛋白溶液经浓缩处理可以降低支架Silk II的形成,获得较柔软支架。【结论】添加蚕丝蛋白纳米纤维并浓缩处理可以获得模量适宜内皮细胞生长的支架材料,为不同软组织的修复提供了良好的基质材料。     

绞股蓝提取液对蛋白核小球藻的化感效应及影响机理研究

以中草药植物绞股蓝[Gynostemma pentaphyllum(Thunb.) Makino]为化感供体材料,研究其不同浓度的提取液(0、5、10、25、50 g/L)对蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidesa)生长及生理生化特征的化感效应。结果表明:(1)绞股蓝提取液对蛋白核小球藻生长均具有抑制作用,其抑制作用随提取液质量浓度增大和培养时间延长均呈增强趋势,且25 g/L绞股蓝提取液培养15 d时的抑制率达到最大(79.41%)。(2)各浓度绞股蓝处理组蛋白核小球藻细胞内的叶绿素a含量均低于对照组,且随着提取液浓度升高以及处理时间延长叶绿素a含量较对照的降低量越多,表明蛋白核小球藻光合作用受到的影响也越大。(3)绞股蓝处理组蛋白核小球藻细胞的膜透性(吸光度OD_(264))显著高于对照,且膜透性随着提取液浓度增大而增强;高浓度提取液处理下,藻细胞内部的可溶性蛋白质(OD_(280))及核酸(OD_(260))含量均显著高于对照,且随着处理时间延长,细胞膜透性增大,细胞内部的可溶性蛋白质及核酸向胞外渗透增多。研究发现,绞股蓝提取液能够抑制蛋白核小球藻生长,并随着提取液质量浓度增大而增强;绞股蓝提取液能促进藻细胞叶绿素分解、增加细胞膜透性,引起可溶性蛋白质和核酸向胞外渗透量升高,导致藻细胞结构受损,代谢功能紊乱,从而达到化感抑制作用。     

不同中间丝类型细胞系间交叉污染的抗中间丝蛋白免疫荧光检测

本文采用抗角蛋白抗体,抗结蛋白抗体和抗胶质纤维酸性蛋白抗体的免疫荧光法,对上皮细胞/间质源细胞,上皮细胞/星形胶质细胞,肌肉源细胞/上皮细胞,肌肉源细胞/间质细胞和星形胶质细胞/上皮细胞等6个实验交叉污 染系统进行了检测。结果表明:此法是检测不同类型细胞系间交叉污染的一个非常有用的方法。其明显的优点是操作简便,结果灵敏可靠。     

视网膜神经纤维在不同发育时期鸡胚视网膜基膜上的生长~*

我们曾证实了鸡胚视网膜基膜是培养视网膜神经纤维生长的最适基底。本文研究了不同发育时期鸡胚(E6、E12)的基膜对于不同发育时期(鸡胚E6、E12;新生金仓鼠d 0,d1,d 9和成年金仓鼠)视网膜纤维生长的影响。结果是:(1)随着视网膜的发育,在E6或E12基膜上神经纤维生长的长度和茂密程度下降;(2)发育早期的视网膜(E 6,d 0,d 1)在E6和E12基膜上,纤维生长的长度相近;(3)发育晚期的(E 12,d 9)以及成熟的视网膜在E12基膜上纤维生长的长度要比E6基膜上的长(约1.5-1.9倍);(4)E12和E6基膜对纤维生长作用的差别可能和层粘连蛋白有关。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.