SUMO蛋白酶活性片段的表达、纯化及活性测定

利用PCR技术人工合成编码酿酒酵母泛素样特异性蛋白酶1 (Ubiquitin-like specific protease 1,Ulp1)第403到621个氨基酸残基之间的DNA片段Ulp1p,并连接到大肠杆菌表达载体pET-3c中,构建出重组表达质粒pET-Ulp1p。将重组质粒转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,氨苄青霉素抗性筛选转化子。经IPTG诱导4h后, SDS-PAGE结果显示,Ulp1p为可溶性表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的50.8%。通过Ni-NTA凝胶亲和层析和G-25凝胶层析联用可以获得纯度大于95%的Ulp1p。Western-blotting分析表明,Ulp1p能与6xHis抗体产生免疫反应。以重组蛋白SUMO-hEGF(人表皮生长因子)和GST-SUMO-MT(金属硫蛋白)为底物进行酶切分析,结果显示,Ulp1p能特异性水解这两种SUMO融合蛋白,其比活为1.386 x104U/mg。     

SUMO蛋白酶Ulp1的高效表达纯化并通过His-SUMO标签制备scFv

SUMO蛋白酶(Ulp1)是切割小分子泛素修饰(SUMO)融合蛋白获得天然N端靶蛋白的一种工具酶,具有酶切效率高、特异性好等优点。但现有市售SUMO蛋白酶Ulp1价格昂贵、操作复杂,限制了SUMO融合体系的运用。利用基因工程技术,合成基因ulp1(Leu403-Lys621),并在N端和C端加入多聚组氨酸标签(His_6),构建重组表达载体psv T7-ulp1,将重组质粒转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)和BL21 trx B(DE3)中。经过高通量筛选技术快速确定最优的表达条件为采用BL21(DE3)作为表达宿主,转接后7h加入IPTG,IPTG的终浓度为0.1mmol/L,诱导时间为16h,最终蛋白质表达量占菌体总蛋白质量的34.5%,重组蛋白Ulp1的表达量为190mg/L,通过Ni-NTA一步纯化即可得到纯度95%以上的Ulp1。通过酶切反应,测定酶活为5.19U/μl,比酶活为5.23×10~4U/mg,是先前报道比酶活的1.87倍,通过酶活动力学分析,Ulp1的表观米氏常数K_m=0.359g/L,V_m=5.10μg/(ml·min)。将SUMO融合表达体系用于单链抗体(single-chain antibody fragment,scFv)的表达,得到可溶的SUMO-scFv融合蛋白,使用表达的Ulp1进行酶切并纯化,获得纯度高于90%且N端不含多余氨基酸的scFv,操作步骤简单,显著改善了scFv在大肠杆菌中难以高效可溶性表达纯化的现状。     

剪接因子1N端1-320氨基酸片段的原核表达及纯化

目的:通过扩增剪接因子1(SF1)的N端1-320氨基酸(aa)片段对应的cDNA,构建His融合蛋白原核表达质粒pET-28a(+)/SF1(1-320aa),在大肠杆菌中诱导表达并进行亲和纯化。方法:PCR扩增SF1的1-320 aa片段对应的cDNA,扩增产物和载体pET-28a(+)经酶切回收,连接载体和目的片段,获得重组质粒,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,挑取克隆、酶切鉴定、测序,将测序正确的重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE和West-ern印迹分析蛋白表达情况,亲和纯化His-SF1(1-320aa)。结果:SF1片段以正确的读框插入pET-28a(+),IPTG可以诱导大肠杆菌表达重组蛋白,SDS-PAGE和Western印迹证实得到相对分子质量约为40×103的蛋白,亲和纯化得到高纯度蛋白质。结论:构建了His融合蛋白原核表达质粒pET-28a(+)/SF1(1-320aa),并获得His-SF1(1-320aa)融合蛋白,为进一步研究SF1和U2AF65之间的相互作用及对剪接体形成的影响提供了基础。     

IGFBP-3高效可溶表达、纯化及生物学活性初步研究

克隆胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3(IGFBP-3)的cDNA片段,构建原核表达载体pET-DsBA-IGFBP3。将该重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)plysS中,诱导表达IGFBP-3融合蛋白(简称D-IGFBP3)。经检测融合蛋白主要以可溶形式表达。表达产物用His亲和层析柱纯化,获得了纯度超过95%的重组IGFBP-3融合蛋白。Western-blot结果表明在相应分子量处有一条特异性条带。细胞活性研究显示它对MCF-7细胞生长具有一定的抑制作用,且在体外具有与IGF-I结合的活性。     

GST-HRB融合蛋白的表达与纯化

构建GST-HRB重组质粒,进行融合蛋白的表达、纯化及鉴定.利用PCR扩增及基因重组技术,以pcDNA-3.1-HRB为模板扩增出HRB全基因序列,并将其插入带有GST(谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶)标签的原核表达载体pGEX-6P-1中,构建GST-HRB融合蛋白表达质粒.然后,将重组质粒GST-HRB转化至大肠杆菌Rosseta进行融合蛋白的表达.利用GST琼脂糖珠进行融合蛋白的纯化,最后应用SDS-PAGE电泳和Western blotting鉴定纯化的融合蛋白.结果表明,成功构建pGEX-6P-1-HRB原核表达载体,表达及纯化了GST-HRB融合蛋白.     

重组斑马鱼 p8蛋白的原核表达及纯化

目的：在大肠杆菌中重组表达斑马鱼p8蛋白并纯化。方法：PCR扩增斑马鱼p8蛋白基因编码区,连接到带有6×His标签的原核表达载体pET-28a中,构建重组表达质粒pET-28a-p8并转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,用IPTG诱导表达;优化表达条件后用Ni^2＋柱纯化重组蛋白。结果：构建了pET-28a-p8重组质粒;目的蛋白在大肠杆菌中获得表达,亲和纯化后,SDS-PAGE显示相对分子质量为预期的12．8×10^3。结论：获得了斑马鱼p8融合蛋白,为其生物学功能研究奠定了基础。     

鼠肝炎冠状病毒非结构蛋白1及其突变体的原核表达

目的:构建鼠肝炎冠状病毒(MHV)非结构蛋白1(NSP1)及其突变体(NSP1 mu)的原核重组表达质粒,在大肠杆菌中分别融合表达重组NSP1及NSP1 mu。方法:以现有质粒载体为模板,扩增编码NSP1及NSP1 mu的基因片段,并克隆至pMD18-T克隆载体;菌落PCR鉴定阳性克隆并测序分析;将阳性克隆的目的片段亚克隆至表达载体pET-28a,并转化大肠杆菌TOP10感受态细胞,PCR和双酶切鉴定转化菌落;将阳性质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞并加入IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE和免疫印迹分析目的蛋白的表达。结果:PCR扩增得到表达NSP1及NSP1 mu的特异片段,并克隆到pMD18-T载体,测序结果正确无误;构建了NSP1和NSP1 mu的重组表达质粒,并在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中分别融合表达了重组NSP1及NSP1 mu,表达的目的蛋白均能与His单克隆抗体特异结合;用Ni-NTA琼脂糖试剂盒纯化重组蛋白,获得可溶性的NSP1及NSP1 mu,相对分子质量分别为27×103和28×103。结论:在大肠杆菌中分别表达并纯化获得了大量可溶性重组NSP1及NSP1 mu。     

NMDAR1蛋白膜外抗原结构域的重组表达、纯化和免疫反应原性鉴定

构建编码NMDAR1蛋白膜外片段的原核表达重组质粒,在大肠杆菌中诱导表达、纯化并鉴定其免疫反应原性。根据人NMDAR1基因序列,利用Phyre 2软件预测蛋白的三级结构并分析其结构域。设计引物用RT-PCR方法扩增编码NMDAR1膜外蛋白不同结构域的核酸片段,并插入原核表达载体pCold-SUMO构建重组质粒。转化DH5α感受态细胞,菌落PCR鉴定,阳性单克隆进行测序验证。鉴定正确的重组体转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导目的蛋白的表达和纯化,Ni-NTA柱亲和层析和凝胶过滤层析纯化蛋白,酶切切除融合蛋白6His-SUMO标签,用AKTA Purifier进行凝胶过滤层析,收集纯化蛋白。利用SDS-PAGE鉴定蛋白纯度,并用Western blotting进行免疫反应性鉴定。克隆获得NMDAR1膜外部分的三段DNA序列,分别是NR1-M1(编码19–393 aa)、NR1-S1(编码394–544 aa)和NR1-S2(编码663–800 aa)。其中NR1-S1和NR1-S2片段之间以G(甘氨酸)和T(苏氨酸)作为接头连接成为复合片段。经菌落PCR筛选和测序鉴定,成功构建了重组质粒p Cold-SUMO-M1和p Cold-SUMO-S1-GT-S2。SDS-PAGE鉴定结果表明重组质粒在大肠杆菌中经诱导可表达可溶性NR1-M1及NR1-S1-GT-S2蛋白。对表达产物进行亲和层析和凝胶过滤层析获得了高纯度的目标蛋白。Western blotting证实纯化的目的蛋白能与相应抗体发生特异性结合反应。本研究成功构建了NMDAR1蛋白膜外抗原结构域的原核表达系统,并获得了具有免疫反应性的NR1-M1及NR1-S1-GT-S2纯化蛋白。该蛋白有望用于NMDAR1蛋白的功能研究及自身抗体的检测。     

人乙醛脱氢酶2的原核表达及其条件优化

为实现人乙醛脱氢酶2(ALDH2)基因在原核生物中高效表达,将含有6×His标签和SUMO融合蛋白标签的人乙醛脱氢酶2基因的表达载体转化至宿主菌BL21(DE3)中。在异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导下,目的基因在大肠杆菌内高效表达。通过对表达条件的优化,37℃使用终浓度0.3mmol/L的IPTG诱导3h,重组大肠杆菌的表达量可占全菌蛋白的16%。SUMO融合蛋白标签的加入以及较低的诱导温度(16℃)有利于提高人乙醛脱氢酶2基因在大肠杆菌内的可溶性表达。     

重组人半乳凝集素-1的原核表达、纯化及生物活性检测

目的:在大肠杆菌中表达半乳凝集素-1(galectin-1),并进行纯化及生物活性检测。方法:将人半乳凝集素-1基因克隆至带有His融合标签的原核表达载体pQE-30上,转化大肠杆菌M15,经IPTG诱导表达,表达产物经亲和层析纯化后,进行Western印迹鉴定,并用红细胞凝集试验检测其生物学活性。结果:双酶切鉴定和核苷酸序列测定表明重组表达质粒pQE-30-Galectin-1构建正确;重组蛋白的表达量约占菌体总蛋白的50%,主要以可溶形式表达,纯化后蛋白纯度达95%以上,且具有良好的红细胞凝集活性。结论:在大肠杆菌中表达了重组人半乳凝集素-1,且具有良好的生物活性。     

A Novel Strategy for the Preparation of Codon-Optimized Truncated Ulp1 and its Simplified Application to Cleavage the SUMO Fusion Protein

Ubiquitin-like protease 1 (Ulp1) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae emerges as a fundamental tool to obtain the natural N-terminal target protein by cleavage of the small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) fusion protein. However, the costly commercial Ulp1 and its complicated procedures limit its application in the preparation of the target protein with natural N-terminal sequence. Here, we describe the preparation of bioactive codon-optimized recombinant truncated Ulp1 (Leu403-Lys621) (rtUlp1) of S. cerevisiae in Escherichia coli using only one-step with Ni–NTA affinity chromatograph, and the application of rtUlp1 to cleave the SUMO fusion protein by simply mixing the purified rtUlp1, SUMO fusion protein and DL-Dithiothreitol in Tris–HCl buffer. The optimal expression level of non-fusion protein rtUlp1 accounts for approximately 50 % of the total cellular protein and 36 % of the soluble form by addition of isopropyl β-D-l-thiogalactopyranoside at a final concentration of 0.4 mM at 18 °C for 20 h. The purification of target protein rtUlp1 was conducted by Ni–NTA affinity chromatography. The final yield of rtUlp1 was 45 mg/l in flask fermentation with a purity up to 95 %. Furthermore, the high purity of rtUlp1 could effectively cleave the SUMO-tTβRII fusion protein (SUMO gene fused to truncated transforming growth factor-beta receptor type II gene) with the above simplified approach, and the specific activity of the rtUlp1 reached up to 2.8 × 10⁴ U/mg, which is comparable to the commercial Ulp1. The preparation and application strategy of the rtUlp1 with commonly available laboratory resources in this study will be convenient to the cleavage of the SUMO fusion protein to obtain the natural N-terminal target protein, which can be implemented in difficult-to-express protein functional analysis.     

Pli1PIAS1 SUMO Ligase Protected by the Nuclear Pore-associated SUMO Protease Ulp1SENP1/2

Covalent modification of the proteome by SUMO is critical for genetic stability and cell growth. Equally crucial to these processes is the removal of SUMO from its targets by the Ulp1 (HuSENP1/2) family of SUMO proteases. Ulp1 activity is normally spatially restricted, because it is localized to the nuclear periphery via interactions with the nuclear pore. Delocalization of Ulp1 causes DNA damage and cell cycle defects, phenotypes thought to be caused by inappropriate desumoylation of nucleoplasmic targets that are normally spatially protected from Ulp1. Here, we define a novel consequence of Ulp1 deregulation, with a major impact on SUMO pathway function. In fission yeast lacking Nup132 (Sc/HuNUP133), Ulp1 is delocalized and can no longer antagonize sumoylation of the PIAS family SUMO E3 ligase, Pli1. Consequently, SUMO chain-modified Pli1 is targeted for proteasomal degradation by the concerted action of a SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase (STUbL) and Cdc48-Ufd1-Npl4. Pli1 degradation causes the profound SUMO pathway defects and associated centromere dysfunction in cells lacking Nup132. Thus, perhaps counterintuitively, Ulp1-mediated desumoylation can promote SUMO modification by stabilizing a SUMO E3 ligase.     

Production and Characterization of Hirudin Variant-1 by SUMO Fusion Technology in E. coli

Hirudin is the most potent non-covalent inhibitor of thrombin. Several expression systems have been used to produce recombinant hirudin for pharmaceutical purposes. However, high expression of active hirudin in Escherichia coli cytoplasm has not been successful owing to the fact that heterogenetic small peptide is easily degraded in the cell. To solve this problem, we constructed a recombinant form of the hirudin variant-1 (HV1) as a fusion protein with the small ubiquitin-related modifier gene (SUMO) by use of over-lap PCR. The fusion gene His₆-SUMO-HV1 was highly expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) in which the SUMO-HV1 accounts for over 30% of the soluble fraction. The fusion protein was purified by Ni?CNTA affinity chromatography and cleaved by a SUMO-specific protease Ulp1 to release the HV1 with natural N-terminal. The recombinant HV1 (rHV1) was further purified by Ni?CNTA affinity chromatography and then by Q anion-exchange chromatography. N-terminal sequencing result demonstrated the purified rHV1 had the same N-terminal sequence as the native hirudin. MALDI-TOF/MS analysis indicated that the molecular weight of the purified rHV1 protein was 6939.161 Da, which was similar to the theoretical molecular weight of rHV1 6,944 Da. The Chromozym TH assay result showed that the anti-thrombin activity of purified rHV1 was 8,800 ATU/mg and comparable to the specific activity of native hirudin.     

The Ulp1 SUMO isopeptidase: distinct domains required for viability,nuclear envelope localization,and substrate specificity

Protein modification by the ubiquitin-like SUMO protein contributes to many cellular regulatory mechanisms. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, both sumoylating and desumoylating activities are essential for viability. Of its two known desumoylating enzymes, Ubl-specific protease (Ulp)1 and Ulp2/Smt4, Ulp1 is specifically required for cell cycle progression. A approximately 200-residue segment, the Ulp domain (UD), is conserved among Ulps and includes a core cysteine protease domain that is even more widespread. Here we demonstrate that the Ulp1 UD by itself can support wild-type growth rates and in vitro can cleave SUMO from substrates. However, in cells expressing only the UD of Ulp1, many SUMO conjugates accumulate to high levels, indicating that the nonessential Ulp1 NH2-terminal domain is important for activity against a substantial fraction of sumoylated targets. The NH2-terminal domain also includes sequences necessary and sufficient to concentrate Ulp1 at nuclear envelope sites. Remarkably, NH2-terminally deleted Ulp1 variants are able, unlike full-length Ulp1, to suppress defects of cells lacking the divergent Ulp2 isopeptidase. Thus, the NH2-terminal regulatory domain of Ulp1 restricts Ulp1 activity toward certain sumoylated proteins while enabling the cleavage of others. These data define key functional elements of Ulp1 and strongly suggest that subcellular localization is a physiologically significant constraint on SUMO isopeptidase specificity.     

Immobilization of Ulp1 protease on NHS-activated Sepharose: a useful tool for cleavage of the SUMO tag of recombinant proteins

Objective

To fabricate an active and stable enzyme through covalent immobilization, a Ubl-specific protease (Ulp1) was used to cleave small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) fusion proteins.

Results

We immobilized Ulp1 on N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-activated Sepharose with a coupling efficiency of 1.7 mg/ml. The immobilized Ulp1 maintains 95% substrate-cleavage ability and significantly enhances pH and thermal stability, especially can withstand pH of 10.5. Besides resistance against some small molecules, the immobilized Ulp1 can tolerate 15% (v/v) DMSO and 20% (v/v) ethanol. It can be reused for more than 15 batch reactions with 90% activity retention. This provides a fast purification system to quickly obtain cleaved recombinant proteins with 95% purity from cell lysates with the application of immobilized Ulp1.

Conclusions

Ulp1 used in immobilization form is a potentially useful tool for cleavage of SUMO-tagged proteins and may reduce time and cost of protein purification.

     

Insulin down-regulates the expression of ubiquitin E3 ligases partially by inhibiting the activity and expression of AMP-activated protein kinase in L6 myotubes

While insulin is an anabolic hormone, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is not only a key energy regulator, but it can also control substrate metabolism directly by inducing skeletal muscle protein degradation. The hypothesis of the present study was that insulin inhibits AMPK and thus down-regulates the expression of the ubiquitin E3 ligases, muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx) and muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF1) in skeletal muscle cells. Differentiated L6 myotubes were treated with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) and/or compound C to stimulate and/or block AMPK respectively. These treatments were also conducted in the presence or absence of insulin and the cells were analysed by western blot and quantitative real-time PCR. In addition, nuleotide levels were determined using HPLC. The activation of AMPK with AICAR enhanced the mRNA levels of MAFbx and MuRF1. Insulin reduced the phosphorylation and activity AMPK, which was accompanied by reduced MAFbx and MuRF1 mRNA levels. Using a protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) inhibitor, we found that insulin regulates AMPK through the activation of Akt. Furthermore, insulin down-regulated AMPK α2 mRNA. We conclude that insulin inhibits AMPK through Akt phosphorylation in L6 myotubes, which may serve as a possible signalling pathway for the down-regulation of protein degradation. In addition, decreased expression of AMPK α2 may partially participate in inhibiting the activity of AMPK.     

牛免疫缺陷病毒反式激活因子功能域的研究

牛免疫缺陷病毒 (Ｂｏｖｉｎｅｉｍｍｕｎｏｄｅｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙｖｉｒｕｓ,ＢＩＶ )与人免疫缺陷病毒 (Ｈｕｍａｎｉｍ ｍｕｎｏｄｅｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙｖｉｒｕｓ,ＨＩＶ)同属反转录病毒科慢病毒属[1] 。ＢＩＶ基因组 5′端的长末端重复序列 (ＬＴＲ)起始病毒结构基因和非结构基因的转录[2 ] ,因而许多细胞因子和病毒编码的调节蛋白作用于ＬＴＲ ,以调节ＢＩＶ的基因表达。其中Ｔａｔ蛋白是ＢＩＶ的反式激活因子 ,可大大提高ＬＴＲ的转录水平 ,在ＢＩＶ的基因表达及基因组复制的调节中起重要作用[3 ] 。ＨＩＶ、马传染性贫血病毒 (Ｅｑｕｉ…