线粒体自噬受体Bnip3的载体构建及蛋白表达纯化

[目的]获得可用于蛋白晶体筛选的高纯度Bnip3蛋白。[方法]将Bnip3截断基因构建到原核表达载体上并转化大肠杆菌。IPTG诱导表达后通过GST柱纯化目标蛋白。TEV酶切除GST标签后采用凝胶过滤层析纯化Bnip3蛋白。[结果]Bnip3截断基因重组体成功构建并诱导表达目标蛋白。通过GST亲和层析得到可溶性的携带GST标签的Bnip3(1~111)和Bnip3(1~152)蛋白。切除GST标签的Bnip3(1~152)通过凝胶过滤层析得到构象均一的二聚体蛋白。[结论]采用原核表达、亲和层析和凝胶过滤层析可获得构象均一的高纯度二聚体Bnip3蛋白。     

人赖氨酸乙酰基转移酶7结构域蛋白的原核表达及纯化

目的:克隆人赖氨酸乙酰基转移酶7(KAT7)的2个功能结构域基因,获得其原核表达产物,并纯化蛋白。方法:采用PCR技术从人乳腺文库中扩增人KAT7基因的2个功能结构域(1-330aa)和(331-611aa)编码片段,将其克隆到p ET28a载体中,在大肠杆菌Rossate中表达后,对原核表达产物进行纯化,以SDS-PAGE和Western印迹鉴定表达与纯化产物。结果:从人乳腺文库中分别扩增获得约990和840 bp的DNA片段,并克隆至p ET28a载体,测序结果表明与目的序列完全一致;在大肠杆菌Rossate中诱导表达出相对分子质量分别约为42 000和36 000的目的蛋白,经纯化后获得了纯度较高的重组蛋白KAT7(1-330aa)和(331-611aa)。结论:获得了重组蛋白KAT7(1-330aa)和(331-611aa),为后续研究KAT7与肿瘤调控奠定了实验基础。     

猪细小病毒1型VP2基因的原核表达及反应原性分析

旨在研究猪细小病毒1型(PPV1)VP2蛋白(第155-439位氨基酸)的抗原性,为开发PPV1的检测方法奠定基础。以PPV1型AV31株的DNA为模板,扩增获得849 bp的目的片段,扩增产物克隆入p ET30a(+)原核表达载体,构建p ET30aPPV1-VP2(155-439 aa)重组质粒,转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3);在37℃,以1 mmol/L IPTG诱导表达6 h;采用Ni-NTA树脂亲和层析纯化重组蛋白,并用不同浓度的尿素对纯化蛋白进行复性。SDS-PAGE分析表明,该VP2编码基因在大肠杆菌中得到表达,蛋白大小约为39 k D;Western blot检测结果表明,该重组蛋白与PPV1阳性血清发生特异性反应,与NA-PRRSV和PCV2阳性血清不发生交叉反应。该实验成功构建了PPV1-VP2(155-439 aa)原核表达载体,实现了在大肠杆菌中的表达,纯化后的复性蛋白具有较好的反应原性。     

2型登革病毒ns1基因克隆及其表达产物的生物学特性研究

目的 克隆并表达2型登革病毒非结构蛋白ns1基因片段,初步鉴定重组蛋白的生物学特性.方法 利用登革热2型病毒重组质粒,经PCR方法扩增出ns1全长基因片段,在pQE30表达系统中表达,表达产物用Ni柱亲和层析纯化后,用鼠抗登革病毒免疫血清对重组蛋白进行Western Blot及ELISA鉴定.结果 构建的重组质粒pQE-30/NSl,pQE-30/NS1-N,pQE-30/NS1-80-200aa和pQE-30/NS1-C经IPTG诱导,重组蛋白高效表达并纯化成功,经Western Blot及ELISA证实重组蛋白可以被免疫血清特异识别.结论 2型登革病毒结构蛋白表达载体在大肠杆菌SG13009中高效表达.纯化产物具有较强的免疫原性,为进一步研究NS1的生物学特性和血清学检测奠定了基础.     

蜘蛛多肽毒素JZTX-51和JZTX-26的重组表达和纯化

为建立一种简便、快速且能大量获得富含二硫键的蜘蛛多肽毒素JZTX-26 (35 aa)和JZTX-51 (27 aa)的有效方法,利用PCR的方法克隆成熟肽编码基因并插入至大肠杆菌Escherichia coli表达载体pMAL-p2x中与MBP(麦芽糖结合蛋白)标签融合,构建重组表达质粒pMAL-jz26和pMAL-jz51。在受体菌TB1和BL21(DE3)中对两个重组表达质粒分别进行IPTG诱导表达,通过Amylose亲和层析柱纯化并进行SDS-PAGE分析;采用因子X对融合蛋白进行酶切后通过分子筛以及反相高效液相色谱对两种重组蛋白进行纯化。通过MALDI-TOF-TOF质谱鉴定,表达产物的分子量与预期的多肽理论分子量一致。1L表达培养液中能获得大约5mg纯化的目的蛋白JZTX-26或JZTX-51。结果表明利用该原核表达体系可对蜘蛛毒素基因jztx-26和jztx-51进行融合表达,并对重组蛋白进行亲和层析,为采用基因工程的手段大量获得蜘蛛多肽毒素奠定了基础。     

片球菌素pediocin PA-1基因在大肠埃希菌中的融合表达

目的构建编码细菌素pediocin PA-1基因片段的原核表达载体,诱导表达,鉴定表达产物。方法重组DNA技术构建原核表达载体pET32-papA,IPTG诱导表达,用金属亲和层析纯化,并通过SDS-PAGE与Westernblot对表达的重组蛋白进行鉴定。结果双酶切和测序鉴定显示papA片段插入正确,诱导表达后获得分子量为19 kD的融合蛋白,表达量为25%,用金属亲和层析的方法获得纯化的片球菌素pediocin PA-1。结论papA基因片段编码的蛋白质能在原核细胞中正确表达,为下一步研究该功能域的生物活性奠定了基础。     

转录因子LRF蛋白POZ结构域的表达与纯化

[目的]旨在原核表达转录因子LRF的POZ结构域,纯化获得GST-POZ融合蛋白。[方法]以SD大鼠海马组织c DNA为模板,利用PCR扩增带有EcoRⅠ和XhoⅠ酶切位点的LRF基因的POZ结构域,并将其插入到原核表达载体p GEX-4T-1中,将构建成功的p GEX-4T-1-POZ原核表达质粒转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),用IPTG诱导融合蛋白表达,再利用MagneGST particles亲和纯化GST-POZ融合蛋白,最后通过Western Blot鉴定融合蛋白。[结果]p GEX-4T-1-POZ原核表达质粒构建成功;在37℃条件下,浓度为0. 2 mmol/L的IPTG诱导7 h能够使重组蛋白大量表达,经MagneGST particles纯化后的GST-POZ重组蛋白能够被识别LRF的抗体特异性识别。[结论]纯化后的GST–POZ重组蛋白能够用于后续的生物学研究。     

剪接因子1N端1-320氨基酸片段的原核表达及纯化

目的:通过扩增剪接因子1(SF1)的N端1-320氨基酸(aa)片段对应的cDNA,构建His融合蛋白原核表达质粒pET-28a(+)/SF1(1-320aa),在大肠杆菌中诱导表达并进行亲和纯化。方法:PCR扩增SF1的1-320 aa片段对应的cDNA,扩增产物和载体pET-28a(+)经酶切回收,连接载体和目的片段,获得重组质粒,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,挑取克隆、酶切鉴定、测序,将测序正确的重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE和West-ern印迹分析蛋白表达情况,亲和纯化His-SF1(1-320aa)。结果:SF1片段以正确的读框插入pET-28a(+),IPTG可以诱导大肠杆菌表达重组蛋白,SDS-PAGE和Western印迹证实得到相对分子质量约为40×103的蛋白,亲和纯化得到高纯度蛋白质。结论:构建了His融合蛋白原核表达质粒pET-28a(+)/SF1(1-320aa),并获得His-SF1(1-320aa)融合蛋白,为进一步研究SF1和U2AF65之间的相互作用及对剪接体形成的影响提供了基础。     

融合蛋白GST-Ulp1p在大肠杆菌中的高效可溶性表达及其活性鉴定

利用基因工程技术,体外重组小分子类泛素修饰蛋白酶1(Ulp1)的活性片段,获得高表达、高特异性重组蛋白酶。从酿酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisia中提取Ulp1编码第403到621个氨基酸残基之间的DNA片段(Ulp1p),在其C端加入6×His并连接到大肠杆菌表达载体pGEX中,构建重组表达质粒pGEX-Ulp1p-his6。将重组质粒转化至大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)中,氨苄青霉素抗性筛选转化子。表达、纯化后,以SUMO融合蛋白检测其活性。经过优化,该蛋白可溶性表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的40.12%。可通过谷胱甘肽琼脂糖凝胶柱或Ni-NTA凝胶亲和层析纯化得到纯度98%的蛋白。经酶切分析,比活力为1.375×104U/mg。融合蛋白GST-Ulp1p-His6无需切除谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)标签,具有很高的活性,制备简易;6×His标签,有利于底物蛋白切割后纯化,减少蛋白损失。本研究为制备高活力的SUMO蛋白酶提供了一个新方法。     

CTB-FimA融合蛋白原核表达纯化及其免疫效果

[目的]构建牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonas gingivalis,Pg)菌毛蛋白(FimA)与霍乱毒素B亚基(CTB)重组质粒pET-32a/CTB-FimA,表达纯化CTB-FimA融合蛋白并对其黏膜免疫效果进行研究。[方法]根据GenBank查找FimA基因和CTB基因,利用(Gly₄Ser)₃连接肽序列构建pET-32a/CTB-FimA原核表达质粒,转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),确定IPTG诱导浓度及温度,SDS-PAGE分析目的蛋白的可溶性;采用亲和层析和凝胶过滤层析纯化目的蛋白CTB-FimA;用纯化的目的蛋白作为免疫原鼻腔滴注免疫BALB/c小鼠观察其黏膜免疫效果。[结果]经双酶切和测序鉴定pET-32a/CTB-FimA重组表达质粒构建成功;IPTG最适诱导浓度为0.5 mmol/L,最适诱导温度为23℃,重组蛋白CTB-FimA主要以可溶形式表达;Expasy软件ProtParam工具预测重组蛋白分子量约为72.08 kDa,亲水性总平均值为-0.313;每升发酵液表达CTB-FimA蛋白约100 mg;免疫...     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.