南酸枣的利用价值

南酸枣的利用价值深树科植物带酸枣（Ｃｈ。。ｓｐ。ｄｉａｓａｘｉｌｌａｒｉｓ）,又称区枣、山枣、五眼果。过去仅是一种被遗弃于山林中的野果,现在人们发现,这种野果无论是作为天然药物或是作为天然保健饮料植物都具有较高的开发利用价０．形态特征：落叶乔本,树高...     

人工纯林和混交林中南酸枣木材解剖特性的比较分析

对林龄为25 a的南酸枣[Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb. ) Burtt et Hill]纯林、南酸枣-马尾松(Pinus massoniana Lamb. )混交林和南酸枣-杉木[Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb. ) Hook. ]混交林中南酸枣木材的解剖特性进行了比较分析.测定结果表明,在25 a的树龄内,南酸枣-马尾松混交林、南酸枣-杉木混交林和南酸枣纯林中南酸枣木材纤维的长度分别为0.843～1.401、0.858～1.489和0.873～1.347 mm,宽度分别为19.28～23.58、19.34～22.34和19.76～25.26 μm,长宽比分别为39.70～62.04、39.20～63.96和40.60～59.34;随树龄的增加,纯林和混交林中南酸枣木材纤维的长度、宽度及长宽比均逐渐增加,且不同林分间的差异逐渐达到显著水平,并以南酸枣-杉木混交林中南酸枣木材纤维的长度和长宽比最大、宽度最小.3种林分中南酸枣木材的导管组织比量、纤维组织比量和木射线组织比量分别为16.1%～16.7%、64.7%～65.2%和12.9%～13.4%,以南酸枣-杉木混交林中南酸枣木材导管组织比量和纤维组织比量最大,但差异均不显著;仅纯林的木材轴向薄壁组织比量(5.8%)显著高于混交林(5.1%和5.2%).随树龄的增加,3种林分中南酸枣木材微纤丝角均逐渐减小,南酸枣-马尾松混交林、南酸枣-杉木混交林和南酸枣纯林中南酸枣木材微纤丝角分别为23.33°～16.82°、 23.20°～16.36°和23.34°～17.41°, 且仅在树龄16～25 a阶段,混交林中的南酸枣木材微纤丝角显著小于纯林, 其中又以南酸枣-杉木混交林中的南酸枣木材微纤丝角最小.研究结果显示,南酸枣-杉木混交林中南酸枣木材的解剖特性总体上最优,在南酸枣木材品质定向培育过程中宜选择杉木作为伴生树种.     

酸枣的开发研究

酸枣的开发研究杨世海,张建利（吉林农业大学中药材学院１３０１１８）酸枣仁（俗称枣仁）为鼠李科枣属植物酸枣ＺｉｚｉｐｈｕｓｊｕｊｕｂａＭｉｌｌ,ｖａｒ,ｓｐｉｎｏｓａ（Ｂｕｎｇｅ）ＨｕｅｘＨ．Ｆ．Ｃｈｏｗ的干燥成熟种仁。酸枣宜生于气候较温暖而干燥的向阳...     

青羊湖林场不同林分物种多样性与水源涵养能力的研究

通过群落调查和林下土壤及枯落物特性的分析,研究了青羊湖林场南酸枣（Choerospondias axillaris）林、未抚育马尾松（Pinus massoniana）林、抚育马尾松林、马尾松-南酸枣混交林4种林分的物种多样性及水源涵养能力。结果表明：（1）4种林分共有维管束植物135种,隶属58科97属,其中南酸枣林物种相对较丰富(88种),混交林次之(76种),抚育马尾松林较少(64种),未抚育马尾松林则相对最少(55种);（2）林分类型对物种多样性有重要影响,南酸枣林和混交林草本物种多样性较两种针叶林高,而灌木物种多样性则较低;（3）DCA排序结果显示,南酸枣林和混交林物种相似性程度较高,两种马尾松林与南酸枣林、混交林差异明显;（4）林分类型对水源涵养能力有重要影响,相比两种马尾松林,南酸枣林和混交林的林下枯落物蓄积量分别降低10.1%和15.2%,最大持水量降低34.1%和44.7%,而且0～10 cm土壤容重降低14.7%和7.4%,10～20 cm土壤容重降低14.1%和4.0%,20～30 cm土壤容重降低8.7%和4.9%,但总储水量增加15.8%和4.5%,即南酸枣林和混交林具有较高的水源涵养能力。研究认为,生态抚育增加了马尾松林的水源涵养能力。     

凤尾鸡冠的营养成分

凤尾鸡冠（ＣｅｌｏｓｉａｃｒｉｓｔａｔａＬ．ｃｖ．Ｐｌｕｍｏｓａ）的营养成分分析表明：干品中花序、茎叶及种子的蛋白质含量分别为１９．４０％,２４．６０％及２７．０４％;氨基酸种类齐全;ＶＢ＿１、ＶＢ＿２、ＶＣ、ＶＥ和β－胡萝卜素等多种维生素含量较高;膳食纤维和无机元素含量丰富;种子脂肪含量为１０．１０％。说明风尾鸡冠富含多种营养成分,是一种值得开发利用的食物资源。     

向日葵CMS育性恢复的研究

向日葵细胞质雄性不育（Ｃｙｔｏｐｌａｓｍｉｃｍａｌｅｓｔｅｒｉｌｉｔｙ,ＣＭＳ）育性恢复的机理是非常复杂的。运用遗传学和分子生物学方法,分析了具代表性的４种不同细胞质类型的ＣＭＳ育性被恢复的频率和２０种向日葵自交系对１９种ＣＭＳ的恢复能力及个别ＣＭＳ植株自发恢复的原因。实验结果表明,４种ＣＭＳ品系育性被恢复的频率分别为５８．８％．５６．３％．１１．８％和０％．２０种自交系的恢复力为５．９－７５．０％。部分ＣＭＳ品系和大多数自交系含有恢复基因,恢复基因的数量及类型决定了ＣＭＳ品系被恢复的程度及自交系的恢复能力。同时,提出并证实了线粒体不育基因变异是导致ＡＲＧ１ＣＭＳ植株自发恢复育性的主要原因。     

黄樟油素新资源植物狭叶桂的研究

狭叶桂〔Ｃｉｎｎａｍｏｍｕｍｈｅｙｅａｎｕｍ（Ｎｅｅｓ）Ｈ．Ｗ．ＬｉｅｔＢ．Ｑ．Ｃｈｅｎｇ〕是一种新的资源植物,全株可提取芳香油,含黄樟油素６３％～９９％;鲜枝叶出油率为０．５１％～０．９６％,黄樟油素含量为９７％～９９％。用种子繁殖可保持母本优良性状,是一种具有发展价值的新香料植物     

南方鲇的营养学研究:Ⅰ.人工饲料的消化率

采用循环水养殖系统在２７．５℃条件下,用人工饲料持喂养南方鲇（Ｓｉｌｕｒｕｓ ｍｅｒｉｄｉｏｎａｌｉｓ Ｃｈｅｎ）幼鱼６周。以三氧化二铬（Ｃｒ２Ｏ３）为指示物,测定了蛋白质含量为３５％至６０％（变化梯度为５％）的６种等能（２０ｋＪ／ｇ）试验饲料的消化率,实验结果表明,饲料蛋白南水平由３９．８６％升至５５．７３％时,饲料干物质表观消化率（Ｄｄｍ）、蛋白质表观消化率（Ｄｐ）、脂肪表观消化率（Ｄ１）、能     

盐分和水分胁迫对盐地碱蓬幼苗渗透调节效应的研究

利用不同浓度ＮａＣｌ和等渗ＰＥＧ处理４０ｄ龄的盐地碱蓬（Ｓｕａｅｄａｓａｌｓａ（Ｌ．）Ｐａｌ．）幼苗,１０ｄ后测定植株中主要有机溶质和无机离子的含量及叶片渗透势和渗透调节能力。结果表明,ＮａＣｌ处理的无机离子总含量急剧增加,其中Ｎａ＋、Ｃｌ－增加最多,占总计算渗透势（ＣＯＰ）的７１％～８８％,总无机离子占ＣＯＰ的９５％～９７％。而有机溶质总含量则稍有降低,约占ＣＯＰ的２％～５％。ＰＥＧ处理使有机溶质（氨基酸、糖、有机酸）含量明显增加,特别是氨基酸占ＣＯＰ的９％。不同处理的实测渗透势（ＭＯＰ）均小于ＣＯＰ,说明在这些条件下,还有其它的渗透剂参与盐地碱蓬幼苗的渗透调节。结果还表明,盐地碱蓬幼苗的渗透调节能力随外界盐浓度的增大而增加。     

海南岛绞股蓝属植物中总氨基酸分析

应用日立８３５５０型氨基酸自动分析仪对海南岛不同生境绞股蓝属５种植物中的总氨基酸组分进行了含量测定与比值分析。结果表明：绞股蓝（５４．１１％）＞单叶绞股蓝（５３．８０％）＞光叶绞股蓝（４４．９８％）＞喙果绞股蓝（３５．５８％）＞毛果绞股蓝（１７．５０％）。各种样品均含有１７种氨基酸,Ｇｌｕ、Ｓｅｒ、Ｇｌｙ和Ａｓｐ含量最高,Ｍｅｔ、Ｃｙｓ、Ｈｉｓ偏低;栽培的高于野生的,量值相比变化范围达０．７％～２．７０９％;５种绞股蓝游离氨基酸定量分析结果,以单叶绞股蓝和绞股蓝含量最高（１３．４０５％、１２．９０４％）、喙果绞股蓝与光叶绞股蓝居中（１１．４８％、１１．１６３％）、毛果绞股蓝稍为偏低（７．６８０％）。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.