向日葵CMS育性恢复的研究

向日葵细胞质雄性不育（Ｃｙｔｏｐｌａｓｍｉｃｍａｌｅｓｔｅｒｉｌｉｔｙ，ＣＭＳ）育性恢复的机理是非常复杂的。运用遗传学和分子生物学方法，分析了具代表性的４种不同细胞质类型的ＣＭＳ育性被恢复的频率和２０种向日葵自交系对１９种ＣＭＳ的恢复能力及个别ＣＭＳ植株自发恢复的原因。实验结果表明，４种ＣＭＳ品系育性被恢复的频率分别为５８．８％．５６．３％．１１．８％和０％．２０种自交系的恢复力为５．９－７５．０％。部分ＣＭＳ品系和大多数自交系含有恢复基因，恢复基因的数量及类型决定了ＣＭＳ品系被恢复的程度及自交系的恢复能力。同时，提出并证实了线粒体不育基因变异是导致ＡＲＧ１ＣＭＳ植株自发恢复育性的主要原因。

Studies of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility Restoration in Sunflower

Restoration of cytoplasmic male sterility in sunflower is complex. In this study genetic and molecular analyses were used to investigate the restored frequencies in the 4 sources of CMS and the restoration capacity of 20 fertile lines as well as the reason of self-restoration in CMS plant. The results indicated that the 4 sources of CMS were restored in frequency of 0- 58.8%, and the restoration capacity ranged from in 5.9% to 75.0% in 20 fertile lines. Some CMS lines and most of the fertile lines contain restoration genes. The restoration of CMS plants was determined by the number and type of restoration genes. The self-restoration of CMS plants was demonstrated to be the results of the modification of genes in mitochondrial genome.