青羊湖林场不同林分物种多样性与水源涵养能力的研究

通过群落调查和林下土壤及枯落物特性的分析，研究了青羊湖林场南酸枣（Choerospondias axillaris）林、未抚育马尾松（Pinus massoniana）林、抚育马尾松林、马尾松-南酸枣混交林4种林分的物种多样性及水源涵养能力。结果表明：（1）4种林分共有维管束植物135种，隶属58科97属，其中南酸枣林物种相对较丰富(88种)，混交林次之(76种)，抚育马尾松林较少(64种)，未抚育马尾松林则相对最少(55种)；（2）林分类型对物种多样性有重要影响，南酸枣林和混交林草本物种多样性较两种针叶林高，而灌木物种多样性则较低；（3）DCA排序结果显示，南酸枣林和混交林物种相似性程度较高，两种马尾松林与南酸枣林、混交林差异明显；（4）林分类型对水源涵养能力有重要影响，相比两种马尾松林，南酸枣林和混交林的林下枯落物蓄积量分别降低10.1%和15.2%，最大持水量降低34.1%和44.7%，而且0～10 cm土壤容重降低14.7%和7.4%，10～20 cm土壤容重降低14.1%和4.0%，20～30 cm土壤容重降低8.7%和4.9%，但总储水量增加15.8%和4.5%，即南酸枣林和混交林具有较高的水源涵养能力。研究认为，生态抚育增加了马尾松林的水源涵养能力。

Species Biodiversity and Water Conservation Capacity of 4 Types of Forests in Qingyanghu State-owned Forest Farm

Species biodiversity and water conservation ability of 4 types of forests (Choerospondias axillaris forest,Pinus massoniana untended forest,Pinus massoniana tended forest and P.massoniana-C.axillaris mixed forest) were compared by the methods of community investigation,soil and litter analysis in Qingyanghu State-owned Forest Farm.The results showed that:(1) 135 vascular plants were found in all 4 forests,which belongs to 97 genera and 58 families.Choerospondias axillaris forest had 88 species,ranked the first order in species richness of 4 forests;Pinus massoniana-Choerospondias axillaris mixed forest had 76 species,ranked the second order;P.massoniana tended forest had 64 species,ranked the third order;P.massoniana untended forest had 55 species,ranked the fourth order.(2)Forest type had an important effect on species diversity,both C.axillaris forest and the mixed forest had higher species diversity in herb plants than Pinus massoniana forests,but lower species diversity in shrub plants.(3)DCA results indicated that C.axillaris forest and the mixed forest had higher similarity than P.massoniana forest.(4)Forest type had an important effect on water conservation capacity.Compared to P.massoniana forest,the litter amount of C.axillaris forest and the mixed forest was decreased 10.1% and 15.2%,respectively;litter water retention increased 34.1% and 44.7%;the soil bulk density decreased 14.7% and 7.4% at soil depth of 0-10 cm,decreased 14.1% and 4.0% at 10-20 cm,and decreased 8.7% and 4.9% at 20-30 cm;the total water-holding capacity increased 15.8% and 4.5%,respectively.The results also showed that the water conservation capacity of P.massoniana forest was increased by ecological tending.