付里叶变换红外光谱研究短杆菌肽A及其在脂双层中加Na~＋前后的构象变化

用ＦＴＩＲ光谱研究了短杆菌肽Ａ（ＧＡ）在固态,组装入ＤＰＰＣ脂持体,以及Ｎａ＾＋结合状态的构象变化。固态时酰胺Ｉ带峰位于１６３３ｃｍ＾－１左右,且在１６８５ｃｍ＾－１处有一肩峰;酰胺Ⅱ带位于１５３０ｃｍ＾１左右,整个分子为反平行的β螺旋结构,为非通道构象。当ＧＡ组装入脂质体后,酰胺Ｉ带仍位于１６３３ｃｍ＾－１,但１６８５ｃｍ＾－１的肩峰消失,酰胺Ⅱ带移至１５５０ｃｍ＾－１,分子间氢键转变为分子内氢     

银胶中三螺旋RNA poly（rU）．poly（rA）．poly（rU）的付立叶表面增强拉曼光谱研究

采用近红外付上叶拉曼光谱研究了三螺旋ＲＮＡ（ｒＵ）．ｐｏｌｙ（ｒＡ）．ｐｏｌｙ（ｒＵ）在溶液中的构象和在银胶中的表面增强拉曼散射行为。结果表明在溶液中,该三螺旋ＲＮＡ分子中以Ｗａｔｓｏｎ—Ｃｒｉｃｋ碱基配对的两条链处于Ａ－构型,而第二条嘧啶链处于Ｃ２＇－ｅｎｄｏ／ａｎｔｉ构象。在银胶中,该三螺旋ＲＮＡ的表面增强拉曼效应明显。与溶液状态下相比,８３５和８１９ｃｍ－１谱带的出现暗示该三螺旋ＲＮＡ吸附到银胶表面后,该三螺旋ＲＮＡ分子的螺旋结构仍得到保留,且其构象与溶液中的相近。同时该三螺旋ＲＮＡ主要是通过核酸骨架上带负电荷的磷酸基团定位于银胶表面而吸附的。     

银胶中三螺旋RNA poly（rU）．poly（rA）．poly（rU）的付立叶表面增强拉曼光谱研究

采用近红外付立叶拉曼光谱研究了三螺旋ＲＮＡ（ｒＵ）．ｐｏｌｙ（ｒＡ）．ｐｏｌｙ（ｒＵ）在溶液中的构象和在银胶中的表面增强拉曼散行为。结果表明在溶液中,该三螺旋ＲＮＡ分子中以Ｗａｔｓｏｎ－Ｃｒｉｃｋ碱基酸对的两条链处于Ａ－构型,而第二条嘧啶链处于Ｃ２’－ｅｎｄｏ／ａｎｔｉ构象。在银胶中,该三螺旋ＲＮＡ的表面增强拦曼效应明显。与溶液状态下相比,８３５和８１９ｃｍ＾－１谱带的出现暗示该三螺旋ＲＮＡ吸附到     

α－苦瓜子蛋白晶体结构中的次级相互作用的研究──Ⅰ结构中氢键相互作用的分析

α－苦瓜子蛋白是一种单链核糖体失活蛋白,具有Ｎ－糖苷酶活性,２．０Ａ分辨率的三维结构已经测定。α－苦瓜子蛋白中总共有３５３个氢键,其中主链原子间氢键１６５个,主链原子与侧链原子间氢键５４个,侧链原子间氢键２１个,蛋白分子中原子与溶水剂的氢键１１３个,主链Ｃ＝Ｏ,主链ＮＨ及侧链分子结构中有９５％的残基能生成氢键,Ａｓｐ．Ｇｌｕ、Ａｓｎ、Ｇｌｎ具有较强的生成多个氢键的能力,并对１３个没有任何氢键的残基作了分析。Ａｎ、Ｌｅｕ、Ｉｌｅ、ＧｌＵ、Ｇｌｎ在α螺旋中出现税率较大,Ｖａｌ、Ｌｅｕ、Ｔｙｒ、Ｉｌｅ、Ｔｈｒ在β结构中占了一半以上,Ａｒｇ容易形成远程的氢键,而Ｓｅｒ、Ｔｈｒ则容易形成近程氢键。某些氢键,特别是保守残基间的氢键,对形成蛋白分子局部特征构象和活性部位的特征构象有影响,α－苦瓜子蛋白的特定折叠方式对其与溶剂水分子成氢键有影响。     

α－苦瓜子蛋白晶体结构中的次级相互作用的研究──Ⅰ结构中氢键相互作用的分析

α－苦瓜子蛋白是一种单链核糖体失活蛋白,具有Ｎ－糖苷酶活性,２．０Ａ分辨率的三维结构已经测定。α－苦瓜子蛋白中总共有３５３个氢键,其中主链原子间氢键１６５个,主链原子与侧链原子间氢键５４个,侧链原子间氢键２１个,蛋白分子中原子与溶水剂的氢键１１３个,主链Ｃ＝Ｏ,主链ＮＨ及侧链分子结构中有９５％的残基能生成氢键,Ａｓｐ．Ｇｌｕ、Ａｓｎ、Ｇｌｎ具有较强的生成多个氢键的能力,并对１３个没有任何氢键的残基作了分析。Ａｎ、Ｌｅｕ、Ｉｌｅ、ＧｌＵ、Ｇｌｎ在α螺旋中出现税率较大,Ｖａｌ、Ｌｅｕ、Ｔｙｒ、Ｉｌｅ、Ｔｈｒ在β结构中占了一半以上,Ａｒｇ容易形成远程的氢键,而Ｓｅｒ、Ｔｈｒ则容易形成近程氢键。某些氢键,特别是保守残基间的氢键,对形成蛋白分子局部特征构象和活性部位的特征构象有影响,α－苦瓜子蛋白的特定折叠方式对其与溶剂水分子成氢键有影响。     

戊二醛处理对胶原蛋白结构的影响

用全内反射红外光谱研究了戊二醛处理前后胶原蛋白和富含胶原蛋白的乳鼠皮的酰胺Ｉ带。结果表明：经戊二醛处理后,胶原蛋白和乳鼠皮的红外谱酰胺Ｉ带中位于１６６０、１６４３、１６３３ｃｍ－１左右的三个主要谱分量中较高波数分量的面积百分比下降,而位于中间和低波数侧的分量面积百分比上升。这一变化与胶原蛋白热变性后这三个谱分量的变化趋势［１］相似,提示戊二醛处理削弱了胶原蛋白三股螺旋间的氢键,加大了螺旋间的间隔。螺旋间空隙的加大,为胶原蛋白的钙化提供了可能的位点。     

蛋白激酶C和Na~＋－H~＋交换在ANGⅡ诱发心肌细胞肥大反应中的作用

血管紧张素（ＡＮＧ）Ⅱ在１０－１０－１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内剂量依赖性促进无血清培养新生大鼠心肌细胞蛋白质合成速率。蛋白激酶Ｃ（ＰＫＣ）抑制剂ｓｔａｕｒｏｓｐｏｒｉｎｅ（Ｓｔａｕ２ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ）对心肌细胞基础状态３Ｈ－Ｌｅｕｃｉｎｅ掺入无明显影响，但Ｓｔａｕ预处理３０ｍｉｎ，则可有效阻断ＡＮＧⅡ（１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）对细胞蛋白质合成的刺激作用；单纯应用ＰＫＣ激活剂ＰＭＡ（１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）可使心肌细胞蛋白质合成速率增加，与对照组相比，ＰＭＡ组３Ｈ－Ｌｅｕｃｉｎｅ掺入量增加了４１．０４％。细胞Ｎａ＋－Ｈ＋交换抑制剂Ａｍｉｌｏｒｉｄｅ预处理也能阻断ＡＮＧⅡ刺激３Ｈ－Ｌｅｕｃｉｎｅ掺入细胞蛋白质的作用。以上结果提示ＰＫＣ和Ｎａ＋－Ｈ＋交换的激活，可能是ＡＮＧⅡ诱发的心肌细胞肥大反应的重要胞内信息转导机制。本工作还观察到，阻断细胞Ｎａ＋－Ｈ＋交换后并不影响由ＰＫＣ激活导致的蛋白质合成增加，提示可能存在着ＰＫＣ和Ｎａ＋－Ｈ＋交换彼此相对独立地调节心肌细胞生长的途径。     

不同氮源对小麦幼苗谷氨酰胺合成酶的影响

利用ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素柱层析、酶活性测定、Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ 分子杂交等技术,研究了小麦（Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｍ ａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍ Ｌ．）幼苗的根、叶和离体叶在不同氮源培养条件下谷氨酰胺合成酶（ＧＳ）活性和同工酶变化, 以及不同氮源对ＧＳ基因转录－ＧＳ－ｍ ＲＮＡ 的影响． 同时与硝酸还原酶（ＮＲ）活性进行比较, 结果表明∶当以ＮＨ＋４ 作唯一氮源时,小麦幼苗根谷氨酰胺合成酶（ＧＳｒ）和叶细胞质谷氨酰胺合成酶（ＧＳ１）活性要比以ＮＯ－３ 作唯一氮源的高．当以ＮＯ－３ 为唯一氮源时, ＮＯ－３ 则促进完整叶片和离体叶片叶绿体谷氨酰胺合成酶（ＧＳ２）活性． 从转录水平上看,ＮＨ＋４ 促进根ＧＳ－ｍ ＲＮＡ 的合成,而ＮＯ－３ 促进叶ＧＳ－ｍ ＲＮＡ 的合成     

钆和镱对人红细胞膜脂及膜蛋白的作用

利用荧光偏振,自旋标标顺磁共振波谱和激光拉曼技术研究了钆和镱对人红细胞膜结构和功能的影响。结果表明,低浓度的Ｇｄ３＋（０．５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）对（Ｎａ＋＋Ｋ＋）－ＡＴＰ酶和Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶有轻微的激活作用,而随着其浓度的增大,则明显抑制酶的活性,Ｇｄ３＋与Ｙｂ３＋和人红细胞膜作用后,降低膜脂流动性,并使膜蛋白酰胺Ｉ＇－α螺旋振动强度减弱．     

盐离子诱导DNA分子的凝聚现象的AFM观察

通过对不同浓度的λ－ＤＮＡＨｉｎｄＩＩＩ进行ＡＦＭ观察,发现它在高浓度下形成一种绊环状的超螺旋,依次降低其浓度,这种超螺旋结构逐渐解旋,伸展为松弛状态下的分子,而同样条件经Ｃｅｎｔｒｉｃｏｎ－３０去盐处理的样品在高浓度下则未发现相似的结构,重新加入Ｎａ＋,Ｍｇ２＋等盐离子后,伸展的分子又聚集成绊环状结构。ＣＤ谱测定也显示介质中的盐浓度与ＤＮＡ结构有关。上述结果表明Ｎａ＋,Ｍｇ２＋等盐离子对于ＤＮＡ分子的凝聚起着重要作用。     

A homozygous female hemophilia A

BACKGROUND:

Hemophilia A (HA), being an X-linked recessive disorder, females are rarely affected, although they can be carriers.

AIMS:

To study the mutation in F8 gene in an extended family with a homozygous female HA.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

All the seven affected members (six males and one female) were initially screened by Conformation Sensitive Gel Electrophoresis (CSGE) and direct DNA sequencing.

RESULTS:

A homozygous missense mutation c.1315G>A (p.Gly420Ser) was identified in exon 9 of F8 gene in homozygous state in the affected female born of 1° consanguinous marriage and in all the affected male members of the family. Her factor VIII levels was found to be 5.5%, vWF:Ag 120%.

CONCLUSION:

In India, as consanguineous marriages are very common in certain communities (up to 30%), the likelihood of encountering female hemophilia is higher, although this is the first case of HA out of 1600 hemophilia families registered in our Comprehensive Haemophilia Care Center. Genetic diagnosis in such cases is not necessary as all the male children will be affected and daughters obligatory carriers.     

Aminopeptidase A is angiotensinase A

Summary Quantitative histochemical measurements of aminopeptidase A (APA; E.C.3.4.11.7) were done kinetically in the kidney glomeruli of rat and mouse with an instrumental setup consisting of a microdensitometer and a computer-supported morphometric system. The histochemical demonstration of APA was carried out using the simultaneous azo coupling technique (purest-grade Fast Blue B as coupling agent and -l-glutamic acid-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide as substrate). The methodological studies show that APA activity is calcium-ion-dependent and increases linearly with the thickness of the tissue section (3–12 m) and that the time-course of APA activity as determined by linear regression is linear only for the first 1 to 2 min of the reaction. — Kinetic measurements indicate a 40% decrease in APA activities when -l-glutamic acid-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide (-l-Glu-MNA) is replaced by -l-aspartic acid-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide. When -l-Glu-MNA is replaced with l-alanine-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide, which is a substrate of aminopeptidase M (APM) only very low reaction rates are measurable (about 1.4% of those with -l-Glu-MNA). 100 and 130 mM NaCl in the incubation medium increase APA activities by approximately 16%–17%. — To clarify the functional importance of APA in the kidney, their activities were measured under the influence of angiotensins. The glomerulus was selected as the measuring site, for besides APA it contains no APM or other peptidases that could degrade angiotensins (the glomerular dipeptidyl peptidase IV is not inhibited by angiotensin II). Using the Lineweaver-Burk plot, we determined a K _m of 0.16 mM for the APA in rat glomeruli and 0.14 mM in mouse glomeruli. The V _max in mouse glomeruli is 1.6 times higher than in rat glomeruli. Ang iotensin I, II and III competitively inhibit APA in the rat and mouse glomeruli. — With quantitative histochemical techniques it was possible to show that APA is equivalent to angiotensinase A (splitting off the N-terminal aspartic acid from angiotensin I and II).Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 105)     

A glucoside of urospermal A

The aerial parts of Urospermum picroides afforded, in addition to urospermal A a p-hydroxylphenyl acetate of a glucoside of urospermal A.     

Quadruplexes of human telomere DNA analogs designed to contain G:A:G:A,G:G:A:A,and A:A:A:A tetrads

Replacement of two to four guanines by adenines in the human telomere DNA repeat dG₃(TTAG₃)₃ did not hinder the formation of quadruplexes if the substitutions took place in the terminal tetrad bridged by the diagonal loop of the intramolecular antiparallel three‐tetrad scaffold, as proved by CD and PAGE in both Na⁺ and K⁺ solutions. Thermodynamic data showed that, in Na⁺ solution, the dG₃(TTAG₃)₃ quadruplex was destabilized, the least by the two G:A:G:A tetrads, the most by the G:G:A:A tetrad in which the adenosines replaced syn‐guanosines. In physiological K⁺ solution, the highest destabilization was caused by the 4A tetrad. In K⁺, only the unmodified dG₃(TTAG₃)₃ quadruplex rearranged into a K⁺‐dependent quadruplex form, none of the multiple adenine‐modified structures did so. This may imply biological consequences for nonrepaired A‐for‐G mutations. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 93: 880–886, 2010.