大肠杆菌L-酒石酸脱氢酶b亚基体外分子交联

通过PCR技术扩增大肠杆菌L-酒石酸脱氢酶b亚基(L-tartrate dehydratase beta subunit, TtdB)野生型与Cys/Ser突变型目的基因, 构建带6×His标签的诱导型表达载体pTrcHisC-TtdB。重组蛋白以包含体形式存在, 应用TALON固定化金属亲和树脂(Immobilized metal affinity chromatography, IMAC)以变性的方法纯化, 通过分步透析逐步去除变性剂的方法复性, 复性率可达70%。将复性后的两种蛋白通过热诱导去折叠和氧化重折叠方法进行体外蛋白质分子交联实验。SDS-PAGE分析表明: 野生型TtdB在其变性的临界温度反应时, 出现交联二聚体和多聚体; 在氧化重折叠后SDS-PAGE前加入100 mmol/L DTT时, 交联强度明显减弱。这种DTT打不开的交联即为异肽键交联; 若在其氧化重折叠反应液中加入DTT则没有任何交联。突变型TtdB在与野生型TtdB相同的热诱导去折叠条件下, 完全没有二聚体和多聚体的形成。     

大肠杆菌L-酒石酸脱氢酶β亚基体外分子交联

为证明高音等提出的蛋白质交联三步假说,通过PCR技术扩增大肠杆菌L-酒石酸脱氢酶β亚基（L—tartrate dehydratase beta subunit,TtdB）野生型与Cys／Ser突变型目的基因,构建带6×His标签的诱导型表达载体pTrcHisC-TtdB。重组蛋白以包含体形式存在,应用TALON固定化金属亲和树脂（Immobilized metal affinity chromatography,IMAC）以变性的方法纯化,通过分步透析逐步去除变性利的方法复性,复性率可达70％。将复性后的两种蛋白通过热诱导去折叠和氧化重折叠方法进行体外蛋白质分子交联实验。SDS—PAGE分析表明：野生型TtdB在其变性的临界温度反应时,出现交联二聚体和多聚体;在氧化重折叠后SDS—PAGE前加入100mmol／LDTT时,交联强度明显减弱。这种DTT打不开的交联即为异肽键交联;若在其氧化重折叠反应液中加入DTT则没有任何交联。突变型TtdB在与野生型TtdB相同的热诱导去折叠条件下,完全没有二聚体和多聚体的形成。这说明分子间二硫键的形成能促进随后分子间异肽键的形成。     

大鼠热休克蛋白70的融合表达及纯化鉴定

目的：在大肠杆菌中高效表达并纯化大鼠热休克蛋白（HSP）70与麦芽糖结合蛋白（MBP）的融合蛋白,以进一步研究细胞外HSfr70的生物学功能。方法：用RT-PCR方法扩增目的基因,并将其克隆到原核表达载体pMAL-c2X中,酶切鉴定并进行DNA测序;将该重组表达载体转化大肠杆菌B121,用IPTG在不同温度及时间下进行诱导表达,建立最佳诱导表达条件;采用Amylose树脂预装柱对目的蛋白进行亲和纯化,并对不同表达条件下的产物进行SDS-PAGE及Westernblot分析。结果：克隆出目的基因,构建了融合表达载体pMAL-c2X／hsp70;诱导表达后经SDS-PAGE检测表明获得了目的条带,并纯化出纯度较高的融合蛋白;免疫印迹鉴定表明其具有抗原活性。结论：在大肠杆菌中高效表达并纯化了融合蛋白MBP-HSP70,为进一步研究细胞外HSP70的生物学效应提供了有用的材料。     

志贺毒素B(ShT-B)在E.coli中的融合表达及特异性抗体制备

用KpnⅠ、HindⅢ酶切克隆载体pCEM-ShTB_3,然后亚克隆入带有二氢叶酸还原酶(DHFR)的融合表达载体pQE40,构建重组质粒pQE40-ShTB. 转化到E.coli M15中,经IPTG诱导,实现了ShTB-DHFR融合蛋白的高表达,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的21.9％,为包涵体形式。在变性条件下,包涵体蛋白经螯合镍离子的次氨基三乙酸(Ni-NTA)亲和柱一步纯化,得到了纯度为90.5％的重组ShT-B.以纯化的ShTB-DHFR融合蛋白免疫昆明鼠,并结合腹腔注射S180细胞,成功制备了抗ShTB腹水多克隆抗体,效价达1∶1×10~6.间接ELISA和Western印迹结果表明,抗ShT-B多抗与重组蛋白和天然ShT均有特异性结合。本试验结果为毒素检测方法的研究奠定了基础。     

盐藻小G蛋白DsRab的原核表达及纯化

前期对盐藻小G蛋白基因DsRab研究表明,在盐胁迫诱导下该基因转录水平明显提高。为进一步研究该蛋白在盐藻耐盐机制中的作用,PCR扩增DsRab的开放阅读框(ORF),并将其克隆至带有GST标签的原核表达载体pGS-21a,得到重组表达载体pGS-21a-DsRab。将重组表达载体转化E.coli BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达,并优化诱导表达条件,利用GST-SefinoseTM Kit进行纯化,用SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定。结果表明,成功构建了重组表达载体pGS-21a-DsRab,SDS-PAGE结果显示得到的蛋白与预期分子量相符,并且纯度较高;Western blot检测结果初步证明该融合蛋白为GST-DsRab。     

人生存素survivin的克隆与分泌表达

旨在克隆人生存素( survivin)基因,并在原核系统中进行可溶性表达.采用RT-PCR方法从人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7中克隆survivin基因,将其重组到pAYZ表达栽体中,构建带有六聚组氨酸纯化标记的人survivin基因原核表达栽体pAYZ-survivin,将该载体转化大肠杆菌16C9进行表达.结果表明,成功克隆了survivin基因并构建了重组表达载体.融合蛋白主要以可溶性状态分泌到周质腔内存在.分离提取蛋白,HiTrap金属螯合柱进行亲和层析纯化,并经Western blot验证了高纯度survivin融合蛋白的表达.     

枯草芽孢杆菌中性蛋白酶基因的克隆与表达

本研究对枯草芽孢杆菌中性蛋白酶的基因进行克隆,并在大肠杆菌中诱导表达。从枯草芽孢杆菌基因组克隆到编码中性蛋白酶的全长基因,构建大肠杆菌原核表达载体pET30b,转化大肠杆菌BL21得到重组工程菌。通过菌落PCR和酶切筛选验证重组体。在25℃,110 r/min条件下,用IPTG诱导重组蛋白表达。表达蛋白用SDS-PAGE验证,并对酶活力进行测定。测序结果表明克隆序列与NCBI上的登录的序列同源性高达99%。SDS-PAGE结果表明诱导出的蛋白相对分子质量56.6 kD,酶活力达到39 U/mL。证明成功克隆得到枯草芽孢杆菌中性蛋白酶基因,并在大肠杆菌中得到高效表达。     

人热休克蛋白70的原核高效表达

将人热休克蛋白基因hsp70片段克隆到高效原核表达载体pMAL-c2X中,酶切鉴定并进行DNA测序。将该重组表达载体转化大肠杆菌DH50α,用IPTG在不同温度及时间下进行诱导表达。收集细菌,菌体裂解后进行SDS-PAGE及Western blot检测,并以凝胶薄层扫描分析表达水平。结果表明,成功地构建了含人hsp70基因的表达载体pMAL-c2X／hsp70,该载体能在大肠杆菌中表达相对分子质量为110000并具有抗原活性的融合蛋白;改变诱导温度和时间,目的蛋白表达总量及可溶性部分所占比例不同。对人hsp70基因的克隆、表达,并对其进行表达条件的优化,为研究HSP70的结构、功能与临床应用提供了必要条件。     

嗜热古菌S.solfataricus小热激蛋白基因的克隆及表达

目的:从嗜热古菌Sulfolobus solfataricus中克隆一种新的小热激蛋白SsHsp14.1的基因,并研究其表达和生物活性。方法:用PCR技术以S.solfataricus基因组为模板扩增得到目的基因序列片段,并将其克隆到pET-28a(+)中,转化到E coli BL21(DE3)中经IPTG诱导表达,纯化后对产物进行生物活性测定。结果:从菌株S.solfataricus中克隆出目的基因,该基因的编码框由375个碱基组成,编码的蛋白质由124个氨基酸组成。含该质粒的大肠杆菌经诱导表达了一个与预期理论值相符的约14kDa的蛋白,利用亲和层析和凝胶柱分离纯化了重组蛋白。试验证明纯化后的重组SsHsp14.1具有分子伴侣活性,重组蛋白在体内表达时能提高E.coli细胞的耐热性。结论:成功克隆SsHsp14.1基因并表达出蛋白,并明确了其分子伴侣活性,为该热激蛋白的研究和应用奠定基础。     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Monovalent Cation Permeation through the Connexin40 Gap Junction Channel : Cs,Rb, K,Na, Li,TEA, TMA,TBA, and Effects of Anions Br,Cl, F,Acetate, Aspartate,Glutamate, and NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γ_j in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γ_j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO₃ (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li⁺ are: Cs⁺ (1.38), Rb⁺ (1.32), K⁺ (1.31), Na⁺ (1.16), TMA⁺ (0.53), TEA⁺ (0.45), TBA⁺ (0.03), Cl⁻ (0.19), glutamate⁻ (0.04), and NO₃− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Caprine blood groups. 2. The C,G, H,I, J,K, L,N, and Q systems

Nine blood group systems of goats were identified using 12 caprine reagents produced by absorption of alloimmune antisera. The caprine C blood group system, possibly homologous to the ovine C blood group system, was characterized by two reagents and shown to be controlled by three alleles,C ¹²,C ²⁵, andC ⁻. A more complex blood group system of goats, designated G, was identified using three reagents and shown to be controlled by six codominant alleles (G ^10.19.20,G ^10.19,G ^10.20,G ¹⁰,G ¹⁹,G ²⁰) and a recessive allele (G ⁻). A further seven one-factor two-allelic systems were identified by seven reagents. The nine genetic systems provided exclusion probabilities of 0.479, 0.492, 0.548, and 0.572 in Australian Angora, Dairy, Cashmere, and Texan Angora goat breeds, respectively. This work was supported by a grant from the Australian Stud Book, Alison Road, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia.