亚硝酸与紫外线复合诱变原生质体选育产酶菌株

目的：筛选出一株稳定、高产的产中性蛋白酶菌株。方法：以突变株UV_(11)(原生质体紫外诱变得到)为出发菌株,在原生质体形成与再生最佳条件下制备原生质体并进行亚硝酸与紫外线复合诱变。结果：得到突变株Bacillus subtilis UN_(19),产酶活力从最初的378．97U/ml提高到3965．84U/ml。结论：亚硝酸与紫外线复合诱变原生质体是一种很好的诱变方式。     

利用原生质体诱变育种选育富硒能力强的酵母菌株

利用原生质体诱变育种技术选育富硒能力强的酵母菌株,从13株啤酒酵母中筛选出一株富硒量高的诱变出发菌株,采用溶壁酶进行破壁,确定了原生质体制备的最适条件为酶浓度1g／100mL,酶解处理时间为120min,原生质体形成率为95．2％,再生率为21．8％,诱变后筛选出富硒量为821mg／kg,酵母干菌体收获量为0．88g／100mL的酵母菌Al。     

羊肚菌原生质体诱变筛选高生物量高氨基酸含量菌株

研究影响尖顶羊肚菌ＣＧＡＣ－９５０６原生质体制备、再生因素基础上,首次诱变羊肚菌原生质体,进行高生物量高氨基酸含量菌株选育。原生质体诱变再生株Ｍ．ｃｏｎｉｃａ ＣＧＡＣ－９５０６３７生物量比出发株提高７．３％,总氨基酸比出发株提高３８％。     

羊肚菌原生质体诱变筛选高生物量高氨基酸含量菌株

研究影响尖顶羊肚菌（MOrchellaconicaPers、）CGAC－9506原生质体制备、再生因素基础上,首次诱变羊肚菌原生质体,进行高生物量高氨基酸含量菌株选育。原生质体诱变再生株MconicaCGAC－950637生物量比出发株提高7．3％,总氨基酸比出发株提高38％。     

原生质体诱变选育乳糖酶高产菌株

采用紫外线诱变和^60Co-γ射线协同诱变的方法,对出发菌株Uco-3的原生质体进行诱变处理,通过正突变率与诱变剂量的相互关系,确定最佳诱变剂量。采用4min的紫外线照射和剂量为500Gy的γ射线对黑曲霉Uco-3的原生质体进行诱变,软得一株产高温乳糖酶的高产突变株,突变株产乳糖酶能力显著提高,产酶活力达44．37U／mL,是出发菌株Uco-3的2．73倍。     

产类胡萝卜素酵母菌原生质体的制备、再生与诱变

确定了1株产类胡萝卜素红酵母Y-35的原生质体最佳制备条件和再生条件,以及在此基础上的诱变育种,通过实验,初步确定Y-35菌株原生质体形成和再生的适宜条件为;菌龄16h,蜗牛酶浓度1%,30℃处理60min。红酵母Y-35原生原体经紫外线诱变后得到18株诱变菌株,分别测定其生物量,类胡萝卜素含量及产量,获得2株类胡萝卜素产量明显提高的变异菌株RY-10和RY-19。其产量分别比出发菌株提高49%和54%。     

纳他霉素产生菌原生质体的制备、再生及紫外诱变

研究了纳他霉素产生菌原生质体的最佳制备和再生条件,及此基础上的紫外诱变育种.初步确定了原生质体制备和再生的适宜条件为:菌龄48h,采用0.4%溶菌酶在30℃处理90min.原生质体再生后,73.3%的菌种产量得到了提高,其中5-12菌株增产74.7%,达到2121.2μg/mL.原生质体经紫外线诱变后得到的5株诱变菌株产量均有提高,其中菌株UV-2增产107.09%,达到2515.07μg/mL.     

利用原生质体诱变筛选碱性蛋白酶高产菌株

本实验以枯草杆菌ＡＸ—４６为出发菌株,在原生质体形成及再生的最佳条件下制备原生质体,并对原生质体进行紫外诱变处理,对大量的再生突变株进行发酵筛选,获得高产菌株ＡＰ—１２,碱性蛋白酶产量由原来的３２００．８ｕ／ｍｌ提高到４３５３．１ｕ／ｍｌ,提高率达３６％。同时又对ＡＰ—１２菌株进行遗传稳定性考查,考查结果,ＡＰ—１２是高产稳定菌株。     

青霉单宁酶高活性菌株的诱变选育

利用塔拉单宁诱导丝状真菌产生单宁酶的原理,通过富集培养,从天然源分离得到30株具有较高单宁酶活性的青霉菌;经二级发酵程序,对这30株菌进行了生物转化复筛实验,选择出能水解塔拉单宁,且生物催化活性较高的青霉野生株Penicilliumsp.No.23,对No.23进行经紫外诱变处理,诱变株经筛选,最后得到1株具有稳定遗传性的单宁酶高活性菌株,其单宁酶活性比出发菌株提高了35%。     

利用原生质体诱变育种选育富硒能力强的酵母菌株*

利用原生质体诱变育种技术选育富硒能力强的酵母菌株,从13株啤酒酵母中筛选出一株富硒量高的诱变出发菌株,采用溶壁酶进行破壁,确定了原生质体制备的最适条件为酶浓度1g/100mL,酶解处理时间为120min,原生质体形成率为95.2%,再生率为21.8%,诱变后筛选出富硒量为821mg/kg,酵母干菌体收获量为0.88g/100mL的酵母菌A1。     

小麦白粉病生防菌G-1菌株原生质体诱变育种

以链霉菌G-1(Streptomyces sp.G-1)为出发菌株,通过研究菌株G-1原生质体形成与再生的条件,发现该菌株在含0.5%甘氨酸的菌丝体培养基中经过二次培养后,所得菌丝体用2 mg/mL溶菌酶在30℃下处理90 min,可获得大量原生质体,其再生率可达8.2%。菌株G-1的原生质体经紫外诱变和宁南霉素抗性筛选后,得到一高产突变株G-1-125,其有效组分A的产量达到794mg/L,较出发菌株提高了180%。     

黑曲霉单宁酶产生菌的筛选及处理滇橄榄汁的研究

利用实验室已有的17株黑曲霉单宁酶活性菌株为起始菌。经活化分离初筛,液体摇瓶复筛,选出具有高单宁酶活性的No．12菌株;对该菌株进行液体培养,提取单宁酶并固定化;以固定化单宁酶处理滇橄榄汁。结果表明,处理后的滇橄榄汁,固体悬浮物下降90％,说明本工艺具有潜在的工业开发价值。     

斜卧青霉纤维素酶和木聚糖酶高产菌株的选育

以纤维素酶高产菌株斜卧青霉A50为出发菌株,通过紫外诱变原生质体获得1株木聚糖酶活力提高80%而纤维素酶活力没有改变的6号菌。蛋白质电泳和酶谱检测结果显示,纤维素酶谱基本无差别,而木聚糖酶谱显示6号菌比A50多了一条带。6号菌优化后的产酶培养基组成为:麸皮7%、葡萄糖0.1%,该条件下,纤维素酶活为19.7IU/mL,木聚糖酶活力为215.4IU/mL。     

Biotransformation of hydrolysable tannin to ellagic acid by tannase from Aspergillus awamori

Madhuca indica, locally known as mahua in India is a multipurpose tree species. Mahua, particularly bark contains a significant amount of hydrolysable tannin (17.31%) which can be utilized for ellagic acid production through biotransformation. In the present study, mahua bark utilized not only as a raw material for tannase production but also for ellagic acid a well-known therapeutic compound. After prior confirmation of hydrolysable tannin content in bark, it has been supplemented, as a substrate for tannase production through solid state fermentation of Aspergillus awamori. Tannase production, as well as biodegradation of the hydrolysable tannin reached a maximum at 72?h of incubation time. The optimum conditions for tannase production are solid to liquid ratio of 1:2, 35?°C, pH 5.5 and 72h incubation time which resulted 0.256?mg/mL of an extract of ellagic acid. Maximum tannase activity of 56.16?IU/gds at 35?°C and 72h of incubation time is recorded. It seems that tannase production and biotransformation of hydrolysable tannins using bark powder of mahua can be considered as an appropriate alternative to the existing procedures of ellagic acid production.     

Co-production of tannase and pectinase by free and immobilized cells of the yeast Rhodotorula glutinis MP-10 isolated from tannin-rich persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) fruits

Hyper tannase and pectinase-producing yeast Rhodotorula glutinis MP-10 was isolated from persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) fruits. The main pectinase activity of yeast was exo-polygalacturonase. No pectin methyl esterase and too low pectin lyase activities were detected for this yeast. The maximum exo-activities of tannase and polygalacturonase were determined as 15.2 and 26.9 U/mL for free cells and 19.8 and 28.6 U/mL for immobilized cells, respectively. Immobilized cells could be reused in 13 successive reaction cycles without any loss in the maximum tannase and polygalacturonase activities. Besides, too little decreases in activities of these enzymes were recorded between 14 and 18 cycles. At the end of 18 successive reaction cycles, total 503.1 U/mL of polygalacturonase and 349.6 U/mL of tannase could be produced using the same immobilized cells. This is the first report on the use of free and/or immobilized cells of a microorganism for the co-production of tannase and pectinase.     

用自身次生代谢产物抗性筛选宁南霉素高产菌株

宁南霉素是诺尔斯链霉菌西昌变种产生的一种胞嘧啶核苷肽型新抗生素,它对多种病毒、细菌和真菌引起的作物病害都有较好的防治效果,毒性低、残留量小,无蓄积作用,具有良好的应用前景.然而它的原始菌株 16A—6发酵单位仅 700U/ml~1000U/ml,严重阻碍了它的推广应用.     

Pestalotiopsis mangiferae isolated from cocoa leaves and concomitant tannase and gallic acid production

The enzyme tannase is of great industrial and biotechnological importance for the hydrolysis of vegetable tannins, reducing their undesirable effects and generating products for a wide range of processes. Thus, the search for new microorganisms that permit more stable tannase production is of considerable importance. A strain of P. mangiferae isolated from cocoa leaves was selected and investigated for its capacity to produce tannase enzymes and gallic acid through submerged fermentation. The assessment of the variables affecting tannase production by P. mangiferae showed that tannic acid, ammonium nitrate and temperature were the most significant (8.4 U/mL). The variables were analyzed using Response Surface Methodology - RSM (Box-Behnken design), with the best conditions for tannase production being: 1.9% carbon source, 1% nitrogen source and temperature of 23 °C. Tannase activity doubled (16.9 U/mL) after the optimization process when compared to the initial fermentation. A pH of 7.0 was optimal for the tannase and it presented stability above 80% with pH between 4.0 and 7.0 after 2h of incubation. The optimal temperature was 30 °C and activity remained at above 80% at 40–60 °C after 1 h. Production of gallic acid was achieved with 1% tannic acid (0.9 mg/mL) and P. mangiferae had not used up the gallic acid produced by tannic acid hydrolysis after 144 h of fermentation. A 5% tannic acid concentration was the best for gallic acid production (1.6 mg/mL). These results demonstrate P. mangiferae’s potential for tannase and gallic acid production for biotechnological applications.     

利用紫外线、利福平、氯化锂诱变原生质体筛选L—亮氨酸高产菌株的研究

本实验是以黄色短杆菌T_(6—13)的诱变株L—亮氨酸产生菌D—R—4为出发菌株,经青霉素、甘氨酸、溶菌酶作用制备原生质体,形成率达91.30％,再生率达53.68％;然后对原生质体进行紫外线、利福平、氯化锂复合诱变处理;在再生培养基平皿上培养,获得再生突变株,从中挑取单独菌落,进行摇瓶发酵筛选,已选育出一株57—4S号高产稳定菌株;经氨基酸分析仪测定其发酵液L—亮氨酸产量由出发菌株的17.35mg/ml提高到23.45mg/ml提高了35％。发酵液中主要副酸——异亮氨酸含量很少。     

Variability in the amylolytic thermophilic bacterium, Bacillus diastaticus, induced by ultraviolet rays

The UV-induced variability of the amylolytic thermophilic Bacillus diastaticus 13 was studied. The biosynthesis of amylase was found to very under the action of UV from 2.2 to 158.7% A "plus" variant referred to as the mutant UV 1 was produced at a dose of UV equal to 41.8-10(2) erg/mm2. Its further selection without using a mutagen made it possible to select a variant UV 1-25 which surpassed the parent strain by 43.3% in amylase biosynthesis. UV-irradiation produced also two mutants with a low activity in amylase biosynthesis. The requirement of growth factors was studied with several mutants.